Bibliography

Administrative details about the conduct of the survey may be found in the annual reports of the Surveyors-General published in the Congressional Serial Set. J. H. Hawes' Manual of the United States Survey (Philadelphia, 1868) describes the procedures for conducting the survey, including preparation of field notes. This book also contains several useful appendicies which describe the various federal grants under which land was sold or given away, including homestead acts, school and swamp lands acts, and military bounty grants. A general history of the survey and an examination of its impact on the geography of Wisconsin are the subjects of Hildegard Binder Johnson's Order Upon the Land: the U. S. Rectangular Land Survey and the Upper Mississippi Country (New York, 1976).