Series: Audio Recordings
Note: The arrangement of the tapes corresponds to the arrangement of the papers, although several especially interesting tapes on general civil rights topics are filed under "Miscellaneous." About one-third of the descriptions below were prepared by the Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, which owns copies of the tapes concerned.

Administrative file

Executive Council meetings

Advisory and Executive meeting, 1956 March 3-4
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, May Justus, Rosa Parks, and George Mitchell discuss the Montgomery bus boycott, conditions leading up to the boycott, how and why it began, the use of nonviolent tactics, what the protesters hope to gain, the involvement of whites, the Orangeburg boycott, mixing of the races, and school integration.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Advisory and Executive meeting, 1956 March 3-4 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, George Mitchell, and Wilson Linsley discuss school integration, unifying the African-American population, building community organization, the Knoxville Joint Committee's plan for integration, Tennessee law school integration, and the relationships between trade unions, voting, and desegregation. Horton talks about organizing a program for future workshops.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Meeting of the Board of Directors, 1966
Scope and Content Note

A financial report and discussion of increasing contributions, scheduling Board meetings, and the possibility of publishing poetry written by Highlander students.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Meeting of the Board of Directors, 1967 May 6
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of a legislative investigation of Highlander and passage of a resolution that the Board should not cooperate with the investigators. Board members deliver reports on such topics as issuing news releases, soliciting contributions, leadership training, staff members, and the goals of Highlander. Voter registration, Appalachian problems, and the Free Speech Movement are discussed.

Approximate running time: 360 minutes.

Staff and Executive Council meeting, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of Highlander's new role in second level political education; comments on Septima Clark taking a leave of absence to work with the Southern Christian Leadership Council; Esau Jenkins gives a report on the Sea Islands and tells of plans for expanding operations in the Islands.

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Highlander Board and Advisory Council discussion, undated
Scope and Content Note

Board and Advisory Council members, including Myles Horton, May Justus, and Rosa Parks, discuss teaching brotherhood to children, the start of the Montgomery bus boycott, conditions surrounding a successful movement, changing attitudes of African-Americans, and the role of whites in the civil rights movement.

Approximate running time: 41 minutes.

General correspondence

Letters dictated by Myles Horton

1955 November
Scope and Content Note

Letter to Harvey O'Connor--comments on strikes and role of trade unionism in the U.S., comments on the AFL convention in Memphis, AFL and CIO merger, progressive unions, role of political action, CIO's fight against Jim Crow, plight of the Southern farmer, and the roles of churches and unions; letter to Rev. C.G. Brown--praises Rev. Brown for work among African-Americans on Johns Island; report on a visit to Kodak, Sevier County, Tennessee-- comments on the farmers union, leaders in the union, and the movement to end segregation in Sevier County; letter to Lennard Reiser-- comments on Johns Island, Esau Jenkins, and Clarence Mitchell; notes on Johns Island-- quotes Esau Jenkins' letter telling of his daughters being fired because of integration work, Horton's reply is quoted; Horton reports on visit to Johns Island--investigation into the firing of Esau's daughters, comments on Rev. G.C. Brown backing up Esau in the fight. Also a discussion from a college workshop.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1955
Scope and Content Note

An appeal for contributions with information about Highlander's 25th anniversary celebration, to Mike Ross concerning the legal battle over Highlander's tax status and to Jan Shelby evaluating Highlander's progress; notes from a speech by Horton on Highlander's background, basic program structure, goals, and obstacles. Also a meeting about the citizenship program.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

1957 October 10
Scope and Content Note

Letter to John B. Thompson--tells of difficulty in writing because of pressing duties, tells of attacks on Highlander by Senator James Eastland, Governor Orval Faubus, comments on Governor Marvin Griffin leading the attack, comments on Ed Friend's pictures smearing the school, praises Septima Clark; notes for an article--explains role of Highlander and methods used, letter to Reinhold Niebuhr--tells of Governor Griffin's attack, says Governor Griffin is playing into the hands of the communists, says Governor Griffin is invading states rights by going into Tennessee, comments on loss of tax status and how it's hurting the school; news release--tells of Myles Horton and Septima Clark attending a meeting in San Diego, California, discusses Thanksgiving weekend workshop, comments on plans for future workshops; letter to Tom Ludwig--tells of Catholic conference in Kansas City where Horton made a speech, tells of Holland Catholic Conference and of plans to go to Delaware Catholic Conference; statement to executive council and sponsors--comments on someone that Israel sent to Highlander; letter to Roger Baldwin--comments on Prince Hopkins Foundation funds to Highlander, tells of regular audits on the school's records, tells of Governor Griffin's attacks; letter to Senator Paul Douglas--comments on contributions by Douglas in 1935, tells of Governor Griffin's attack and denies connection with communists; letter to Congressman Brooks Hays praises Hays for his efforts in Little Rock school desegregation, comments on Governor Griffin, comments on Alva Taylor; letter to Margaret Meade--comments on donation by her in 1934, role of whites in the South; letter to Miss Anna O.H. Williamson--comments on a planned article; letter to Mrs. Fran Perlstein--comments on fundraising party in California, comments on Governor Griffin; letter to Perry Cartwright--comments on article on Highlander in October issue of the Southern Newsletter, critical of labor unions in the South, criticizes textile workers union, praise for Larry Rogan and Packinghouse Workers, says that integration and not labor is the real issue in the South; letter to Thurgood Marshall--comments on Governor Griffin and future troubles of Highlander; letter to Roy Wilkins--comments on Governor Griffin; letter to Father O'Grady--comments on the illness of Miss Favire, Governor Griffin's attack, Catholic conferences; letter to Jim Elliot--asks advice on barring the press from future meetings at Highlander, speculates that Abner Berry and Ed Friend were working together at the 25th anniversary meeting.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

1957 December
Scope and Content Note

Letter to the press--countering attack made by Governor Griffin; letter to Glen Hanson; announcement of increase in Highlander's dairy herd; letter to Mrs. Louise Fort; letter to Lois Graff--explains Highlander's position on communism and comments on damage to reform efforts by the communists; letter to Senator Hubert Humphrey--comments on attacks on Highlander; memo to the press--answers attacks on Highlander; letter to Ralph Buncbe-comments on Governor Griffin's attack and expresses determination to fight back (similar letters to Roy Wilkins and Thurgood Marshall); letter to Glen Wilson--comments on efforts to raise funds for the school; memo to the executive council--comments on need for younger staff at the school, asks council to consider replacing him, discusses plans for future projects; memo to staff; letter to Bonnie Flint; letter to Maria George; letter to Judge and Mrs. J.W. Waring; letter to Carl Hessler--comments on a staff member; letter to Alvena Vesar; letter to George and Bea Wolfe; letter to Chris Benson; letter to Gordon Monkan; letter to Melvin and Velva Good; letter to Iz and Betty Goldiamond; letter to Tom and Jane Govan--comments on cooperation by members of University of the South; letter to Charlotte and Reynold Holt; letter to Mrs. James (Edith) Storr; letter to Leon Wilson--asks him to write to Ralph McGill complaining about his "pseudoliberalism," comments on reactionary leaders in Grundy County; letter to Branston O'Casey.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Subject file

Addresses and speeches

Southern Regional White Citizens' Council meeting, 1956 May
Scope and Content Note

Held in New Orleans featuring anti-integration speeches by Louisiana State Senator William M. Rainach, Rep. Davis of Mississippi, and Governor Griffin of Georgia. The speakers object to the Supreme Court's ruling on integration and call for organized opposition.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

“The American College and American Freedom” / by Alexander Meiklejohn, 1957 May
Scope and Content Note

Address delivered by Alexander Meiklejohn on the 30th anniversary of the University of Wisconsin's Experimental College. Meiklejohn comments on the structure and purpose of the college, the responsibility of schools to teach the ideals of freedom and liberty and the distinction between them, and the meaning of American freedom. The failures and accomplishments of higher education in the past 25 years are summarized, followed by comments on the role of future educators.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1963 May 10
Scope and Content Note

Robert Shelton, Kelvin Craig, and other high ranking Klansmen speak at a Ku Klux Klan meeting held in Birmingham, Alabama. At a mass meeting celebrating the negotiated settlement of the nonviolent direct action integration campaign, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Rev. Ralph Abernathy, and others describe recent progress in the civil rights movement and encourage future efforts. On Mother's Day following an outbreak of violence, citizens express their views on the current racial strife, and ministers offer prayers for peace, justice, and brotherhood.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Attorney William Kunstler, 1968 June
Scope and Content Note

Kunstler speaks on repression in the United States using the cases against H. Rap Brown and antiwar protesters as examples. He predicts the use of increasingly radical protest tactics, comparing the protesters to participants in the Revolutionary War, and comments on the right to dissent as guaranteed by the First Amendment.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Question and Answer Session Following Kunstler's Speech, 1968 June
Scope and Content Note

Discussion topics include a Senate bill designed to strengthen the internal security of the United States which would have the effect of repealing all Supreme Court decisions in the fields of civil rights and liberties handed down in the last 10 years, the power of the Supreme Court to declare constitutionality, black separation, pros and cons of school integration, the steering committee, underground publications, and concentration camps in the United States.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Speech by David Schoenbrun at Memphis State University, 1969 November 26
Scope and Content Note

Schoenbrun proclaims the beginning of the "Thermonuclear Age," warns of the threat of nuclear war, and urges respect for the United Nations. He speaks about American involvement in the war in Vietnam, which he calls illegal, immoral and un-American, denies the validity of reasons given for involvement, blames fear of communism for America's abandonment of its anti-colonial heritage, and calls for an end to the war.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Dick Gregory in Birmingham, Alabama after release from jail undated
Scope and Content Note

Dick Gregory speaks in Birmingham, Alabama following his release from Birmingham Jail after being arrested during a civil rights demonstration. He talks about the place of the "Negro in American society," crime, welfare, housing, schools, and equal opportunity.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Appalachian Project

Appalachian Project Meeting, 1965 June 16
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton and others discuss issues of interest to the people of Appalachia including integration, food stamps, and welfare programs. After finding out their major problems, plans are discussed for arousing concern and organizing the people to work for solutions. Horton talks about the importance of chronicling activities to provide a reference for future workers and comments on the relationships between Appalachian problems and the civil rights movement. Plans for a future workshop are discussed.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Meeting of the Community Development Project, 1965 July 9
Scope and Content Note

Robert Flint, John Chater, and Thorsten Horton plan a schedule of activities for the following week. Local writers and poets are discussed, and the suggestion is made to try to publish some of their work. They discuss the focus and approach of the project and how it has changed since it began, the possibility of organizing a community center and activities for children, how much time should be spent on the project, the effect on the communities, and how to recruit volunteers.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Meeting of the Appalachian Project, 1965 July 21
Scope and Content Note

Myles and Thorsten Horton, Robert Flint, and John Chater discuss initiating and encouraging action on the community level, recognizing problems, developing leadership and community action organizations, and federal and state programs.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Attacks and investigations
Note: See also 515A/129 under "Publicity."

Meeting at Septima Clark's home, 1959 February 17
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of integration and "red-baiting." Esau Jenkins tells of threats on Martin Luther King's life. Comments are made on voter registration and economic aspects of breaking down segregation. Discussion of the 1959 raid on Highlander. Septima Clark discusses statements made by Attorney-General A.B. Sloan about Highlander. Plans are formulated for answering charges while waiting for Myles Horton to return from Europe. Mrs. Clark tells of instructions from lawyer Jordan Stokes. Statement by Rev. S.S. Seay defending Highlander.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes

The Highlander Folk School hearing at Altamont, Tennessee

1959 September 14

Part I
Scope and Content Note

Attorneys make their opening remarks. The Registrar of Deeds gives testimony pertaining to the school's charter and deeds. Mrs. Willie Lane testifies concerning the reputation of the school and the conduct of its students. Ike Church is questioned about the school's property and buildings and his duties as an employee there.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part II
Scope and Content Note

Ike Church and Mrs. May Thomas give testimony about the sale of intoxicating beverages on the school grounds, immoral conduct among the students, and the school's reputation in the community. Mrs. Thomas is questioned concerning allegations that she had stolen Highlander property.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part III
Scope and Content Note

Mr. Holt testifies to having delivered cases of beer to the school. Sammy Thomas tells of witnessing drunken and immoral conduct on the school grounds. Sheriff Clay who led the raid on Highlander on August 31, 1959 is called to testify, and a discussion follows concerning the validity of the search warrant used in the raid. Mrs. Dosie Church is questioned concerning the sale of alcoholic beverages at the school.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part IV
Scope and Content Note

Mrs. Dosie Church is questioned concerning the presence and consumption of alcohol on the school grounds. Defense attorney Branstetter attempts to discredit the reputations of several of the prosecution's witnesses. Mrs. Church is asked about Myles Horton's relationship with the women at the school and the conduct of students and staff members. Lawrence Petty testifies to having seen alcoholic beverages on school property and to witnessing persons involved in drunken and immoral acts.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part V
Scope and Content Note

Lawrence Petty, C.W. Marlowe, Mr. Johnson, and Wayne Petty give testimony concerning immoral conduct among staff members and students at Highlander and the sale and consumption of intoxicants on school property. Mr. Ed Friend presents photographs taken at the school of people holding beer cans.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part VI
Scope and Content Note

Mr. Ed Friend of Georgia testifies to having witnessed students and staff members drinking alcohol at the school. Malcolm Fults, a county judge, is questioned about the reputations of several witnesses and of the school in general. Herman E. Baggenstoss, editor of the Grundy County Herald, is asked how the people of the county feel about the school.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1959 September 15

Part I
Scope and Content Note

Mr. Carl Geary gives testimony concerning the reputation of Highlander. Mr. Wright, who issued the search warrant prior to the raid on the school on August 31, 1959, is called to testify, and the validity of the warrant is contested. Deputy Sheriff Winton is questioned about the reputations of some of the earlier witnesses.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part II
Scope and Content Note

Sheriff Clay gives testimony concerning the reputations of the school and of several witnesses. The State rests its case. Mr. Hugh Morgan and Alice Cobb tell about their experiences at Highlander where they had attended workshops. They defend the conduct of the students and faculty during the period of their enrollment. Myles Horton explains how beer was purchased and distributed at Highlander.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part III
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton responds to some of the charges made by previous witnesses and tells how beer was purchased and distributed at the school. May Justus is asked about her relationship to the school and the conduct of students and staff members of the workshops she had attended.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part IV
Scope and Content Note

Dr. D.O. Ward, Rev. Solomon Seay, and U.Z. McKennon testify to having attended programs at Highlander and deny having seen any misconduct on the part of students or staff members. Septima Clark is questioned on the sale of alcohol at the school.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Part V
Scope and Content Note

Dr. D.W. Cross, Scott Bates, Robert Arthur Degan, David E. Underdam, Charles Winters, and Marvin Goodstein testify concerning their participation in programs at Highlander, the school's reputation, and their own personal observations of the conduct of students and staff.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1959 September 16

Part I
Scope and Content Note

Mrs. Vera McCampbell, Matthew Petway, Esau Jenkins, James Hargis, and John Clark are called upon to testify about their relationships to the school, the reputation of Highlander, and their observations of conduct among students and members of the staff.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Part II
Scope and Content Note

Betty Wade, a Methodist deaconess, is questioned about the conduct of students during a session she attended at Highlander and the attitude at Highlander and the attitude of the Methodist Church toward the consumption of alcohol. District Attorney A.B. Sloan makes his rebuttal citing the decisions of the courts in similar cases, which he believes, should serve as precedents in the case against Highlander.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Part III
Scope and Content Note

The State concludes its rebuttal calling for the closing of Highlander. The Defense, in making its rebuttal, claims the school is under attack for conducting integrated classes and for its politics and contrasts the credibility of witnesses for the defense and prosecution. A.B. Sloan begins his concluding statement.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Part IV
Scope and Content Note

A.B. Sloan finishes his concluding remarks calling for the closing of Highlander. Judge Chattin hands down his decision to leave the school open but lock the main building.

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Note: See also 515A/37.

The Highlander Folk School trial at Tracy City

1959 November 3
Scope and Content Note

In calling the jury, attorneys question prospective jurors about their views on integration. All admit that they feel schools should be segregated, but they claim this will not prejudice their decisions in the case of Highlander.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Excerpts, 1959 November 5-6
Scope and Content Note

November 5--Dr. Morris Mitchell is questioned by A.B. Sloan, A.A. Liveright testifies, and Sloan and Myles Horton exchange views. Cecil Branstetter presents a summation for the defense. November 6--Sloan gives his summation and comments on Adlai Stevenson and Stokes Fund that gave money to Highlander.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

1959 November 6
Scope and Content Note

A.B. Sloan speaks about the property value and taxation of Highlander and accuses Myles Horton of running the school for his own personal profit. (Also an excerpt from September 16, 515A/34, Judge Chattin handing down his decision.)

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

1959 November
Scope and Content Note

Mr. Lane gives testimony pertaining to the support of communist doctrine by Highlander. Sheriff Clay testifies about the school's reputation. Rudolf Brown, a justice of the peace, is asked about the school's connection with the United Mine Workers. Several witnesses are questioned about the school's programs and politics, and May Justus reads her statement concerning the contributions Highlander has made to the community.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1959 November
Scope and Content Note

May Justus is questioned concerning the support for communist philosophy, management of the funds and property of Highlander, and the reputation of the school. She is asked about the details of a statement she had read earlier (see 515A/38) about Highlander's contributions to the community.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Myles Horton comments, 1962
Scope and Content Note

Horton comments on the closing of the Highlander Folk School and development of the Highlander Research and Education Center.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

Address by Mr. Gough, 1963 July 29
Scope and Content Note

In an anti-communist, racially-biased address delivered at Knoxville, Tennessee, Mr. Gough asserts that communism is operating in America through the civil rights movement, that the United States has helped the "Negro" more than any other nation, and that the people of Africa became civilized only through help from white men. He comments on the Black Muslims and the NAACP, accuses Highlander of providing a training ground for communist agitators, condemns the activities of Myles Horton, Don West, John Butler, and Aubrey Williams, and calls for an investigation and the arrest of the Highlander staff.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Sam Clark and Thorsten Horton report on the North-South Smoky Mountain Work Camp, 1963 July
Scope and Content Note

Horton explains how the idea for the camp originated. Clark describes the activities and atmosphere at the camp.

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Citizenship program

Meeting at Septima Clark's home, 1955
Scope and Content Note

At a meeting in the home of Septima Clark, a discussion is conducted concerning the harassment of NAACP members, the lack of police protection for African-Americans, the need to unite and fight back, and the power that could be gained by getting African-Americans to register and vote.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Meeting at Septima Clark's home, 1957 July
Scope and Content Note

At Septima Clark's home, a discussion is held about the adult school on Johns Island, students' opinions of the school, and plans for future operation. (Also letters dictated by Myles Horton.)

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Planning session for Voter Registration workshop in the Sea Islands, 1958 September 22
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, Septima Clark, and Mrs. Davis discuss when to hold classes and varying sessions to avoid repeating any one class. They praise the work of Mrs. Brewer on Edisto Island, plan a staffing workshop and the invitation of white people to the session. A discussion arises concerning where to meet so that an integrated audience may attend.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Report on the Sea Islands Project, 1959 May 17
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, Septima Clark, Judge Polier, and others report on Johns Island; Bernice Robinson mentioned as doing a good job of teaching in the Islands; comments on Highlander purchasing law books to be used all over Charleston and Sea Islands; discussion of how many voters registered in the area; comments on types of classes held in literacy schools. Favorable mention of Matthew Perry, a civil rights lawyer in Greensburg, comments on Dr. Wil Lou Gray who was pioneer in adult education and better race relations in the Charleston area. Horton comments on how adults are taught to read, write, and vote. S. Clark comments on getting every segment of the community into the schools. Larry Atkins, social worker from West Virginia, comes in and is introduced to other members. Horton comments on the Highlander method of adult education and discussion of various personalities in the civil rights and adult education fields. Horton comments on labor movement and how Highlander was involved; comments on moral support given by professors and students at the University of the South. Discussion of work being done by Bernice Robinson in the Sea Islands; discussion of organization and future plans for Sea Islands project; comments on type of person needed to teach in literacy schools.

Approximate running time: 80 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Literacy School Class Meeting (Sea Islands), 1960 January 7
Scope and Content Note

Mrs. Allene Brewer teaching students to fill out registration forms. Introduces Septima Clark, Alice Cobb, Dorcas Ruthenburg, and Myles Horton.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Report on the Civil Rights Act of 1960 and training of Citizenship School teachers, 1960
Scope and Content Note

1960 July: William P. Mitchell discusses role of federal judges in enforcement of the law; Myles Horton comments on how to speed up the act and to test the law; discussion of issuing a statement on the act; attempts to circumvent the act; civil rights in West Tennessee; Horton comments on the civil rights law as a political tool and predicts more enforcement in the election year.

1960 November: Rev. Reddick, Mr. and Mrs. Lassiter, Septima Clark, Myles Horton, and others. Rev. Reddick discusses role of Christianity and civil rights movement. Discussion of Fayette County registration drive and adult education program; comments on need for more civil rights legislation and problem of getting legislation through conservative coalition in Congress; comments on civil rights and world opinion; comments on black supremacy and the Muslim movement. Septima Clark comments on emotional appeal of Bishop Grace in South Carolina, and comments on a Muslim family who stopped at Highlander.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Training workshops

1961 August 5-6
Scope and Content Note

Wyatt Walker tells of integration drive in Petersburg, Virginia, use of barber shops to spread movement and recruit for citizenship schools, role of teachers in movement, role of African-American doctors; comments on pressure against teachers who speak out for the movement; comments on Fayette County voter registration drive; comments on Haywood County; discussion of voter registration forms, problems of registration, and the need for more organization in West Tennessee. Septima Clark gives approximate cost for running a training school, outlines the responsibilities of teachers, and joins in a discussion of local elections.

Approximate running time: 85 minutes.

1961 August 5-6 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Mr. Porter, from West Tennessee, joins the discussion. Comments are made on Fayette and Haywood Counties, teaching methods in Petersburg, Virginia, factionalism in Fayette County, and a listing of various groups working in the county. Panel discussion of Highlander's role in the new South.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1961 August 8
Scope and Content Note

Septima Clark gives instructions on conducting the first session of a citizenship training school including discussion of the purpose of the school, the history and philosophy of the sponsoring organization, the sacredness of the individual, and belief in America; discussion of responsibility for injustices, the Black Muslim movement, Highlander's legal battles, and the role of the church in society; demonstrations of assigning homework for citizenship school pupils, enrollment procedures, and grouping of students.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

1961 August 9
Scope and Content Note

Septima Clark and Bernice Robinson lead a discussion on setting up a citizenship school; topics include when to hold classes, organizing class schedules, and obtaining and using materials.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1961 August 9 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Citizenship training session including discussion of the importance of various documents (birth certificate, social security card, etc.) to persons moving to a different state, duties and responsibilities of supervisors and teachers of citizenship schools, and record keeping. The children of the Rev. Fred Shuttleworth describe how they were arrested for refusing to move to the rear of a bus (also on 515A/212).

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1961 August 10
Scope and Content Note

Citizenship training session including a demonstration of teaching reading and writing, comments on and criticisms of methods used in the demonstration, discussion of procedures employed in grouping students and selecting teachers for the schools; responsibilities of supervisors and teachers.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

1961 August 10 and 12
Scope and Content Note

Session opens with song and prayer; Septima Clark leads discussion on organizing a citizenship school including when to meet and the assignment of homework; two demonstrations on how to conduct the first session including introduction of students and discussion of the purpose and history of the schools, welfare, and social services, sponsoring organizations, sacredness of the individual, and belief in America; comments on the Black Muslim movement; students evaluate the two demonstrations presented earlier.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Life on the Sea Islands, 1961
Scope and Content Note

Esau Jenkins comments on African-American spirituals, hard times, transportation, property ownership, organizations, etc. in the Sea Islands. Discussion of citizenship schools in the Islands. Introduction of Myles and Aimee Horton and Guy and Candie Carawan. Jenkins comments on early schools in the Islands.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

Life on the Sea Islands (continued), 1961
Scope and Content Note

Esau Jenkins tells of his early life, days on the farm, and his education; comments on illiterate African-Americans being cheated by merchants and on the way in which spirituals provide a driving force.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

Various discussions on Money, Property, Politics, and Citizenship 1965 August 26, September
Scope and Content Note

Mr. Mack talks about controlling the money in politics, the problem of African-Americans losing their property for failure to pay taxes, and how to become involved in government at the precinct level. Bernice Robinson leads a discussion of using newspapers as teaching aids. Septima Clark demonstrates filling out a citizenship school report form and talks about influencing the community. Mr. Mack speaks on holding the interest of a class, African-American history in America, and changing trends in politics. A discussion of banking techniques is conducted and consideration is given to the questions of why African-Americans don't get an equal share of the nation's wealth and how to deal with unemployment and consumer problems.

Approximate running time: 180 minutes.

Citizenship School training session, undated
Scope and Content Note

Septima Clark leads a citizenship school training session on conducting the first lesson including discussion on enrollment, grouping students, encouraging participation and discussing current issues. Students engage in role playing exercises and reading sections of the citizenship school work-book. Bernice Robinson demonstrates conducting a reading lesson. Students discuss the meaning of "program," "political machine," and "pressure groups" in the context of voter education. Dorothy Cotton leads a discussion of individual community problems and the problem solving process, the meaning of citizenship, the right to march, and the Constitution.

Approximate running time: 240 minutes.

Report on Raising Funds for the Sea Islands, undated
Note: See 515A/65 under "Fundraising."

Community Leadership program

Planning session for the Sevier and Knoxville Counties Weekend Residential program, 1956 October 6
Scope and Content Note

Participants discuss the choice of location and facilities, basic structure of the program, inviting participants and speakers, scheduling activities, combining rural and city programs and planning dates for the programs.

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

Discussion of events in and around Anderson County and Clinton, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of White Citizens Council in Anderson County and Clinton, and comments on Rev. Turner being mobbed in Clinton. Rev. Houts tells of a meeting of Farmers Union and Miners at Gatlinburg; plans for an adult education center for Knox, Sevier, and Lake counties; segregation in Knoxville. Plans to invite Clinton children to a Christmas party at Highlander. (Also report on Camp Koinonia.)

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

Farmers Union

Zilphia Horton, 1956 February 16
Scope and Content Note

At the Montana Farmers Union School Zilphia Horton speaks about her travels across the country, the variation in culture and music she has observed, and the meaning behind the songs she sings.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Note: Content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Zilphia Horton (continued)
Scope and Content Note

At the Montana Farmers Union School, Zilphia Horton talks about folk music, leads group singing, and, discusses the history of folk singing and the appreciation of cowboy as part of the western culture.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Group singing session, 1956 February 16?
Scope and Content Note

Zilphia Horton leads group singing at the Montana Farmers Union School.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

Group singing session, 1956 February 17?
Scope and Content Note

Zilphia Horton sings folk and labor union songs and leads group singing.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

Farmers Union planning session, 1956 April 7
Scope and Content Note

At a Farmers Union Planning session, participants discuss establishing and financing medical facilities in small communities through a welfare corporation, and obtaining the support of the public and local ministers and politicians; comments are made on current health programs and subsistence farming.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Fundraising

Letters dictated by Myles Horton, 1955
Scope and Content Note

Includes an appeal for contributions which provides information about Highlander's 25th anniversary celebration. (Also other letters and a meeting concerning the adult school on Johns Island.)

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Report on Fundraising Trip to New York, undated
Scope and Content Note

Septima Clark tells about trying to raise funds for the Sea Islands project, visiting the Henry Street Settlement House and visiting with Margaret Lamont, Stuart Meacham, A. Philip Randolph, and Myra Market.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

Harlan, Kentucky, Coal strike

Friends World Institute meeting, 1966 May 30
Scope and Content Note

Sam and Florence Reese talked about their experiences in organizing a union for coal miners in 1931 in the face of violent opposition. Group singing.

Approximate running time: 80 minutes.

Mining discussion, 1968 June
Scope and Content Note

Sam and Florence Reese. Con Browne and others discuss mining in Harlan County and how the miners' union was organized. Florence sings some original songs, and a former miner reads poetry he had written.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Singing and discussions on Coal mining and Democratic Convention in Chicago, 1968 August 31
Scope and Content Note

Peter and Polly Gott, Randy Ihara, and Florence Reese singing. Sam and Florence Reese talk about Harlan County in the 1920s and 1930s, the organization of a coal miners' union, and the violent tactics used by mine owners trying to destroy the union. The Reeses, Myles Horton, and Conrad Browne discuss the Democratic Convention in Chicago, poverty, war, and organizing mine workers.

Approximate running time: 100 minutes.

Coal mining discussion, 1969 May 1
Scope and Content Note

Sam Reese talks about working in the coal mines in Harlan County, organizing a miners' union, and violent opposition from mine owners. He recalls instances in which union organizers were threatened, harassed by "thugs," and murdered. Working conditions in the mines are discussed. Florence Reese talks about the hardships imposed upon the families of the union men and sings, "Which Side are You On?," a song she wrote during the union struggles. Discussion of the history of the mines.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Inter-American Adult Education Seminar

Adult Education Statement, 1962 December
Language: In Spanish with translation into English.
Scope and Content Note

A statement is read outlining the basic purposes of an adult education program and describing some of the problems faced by such a program, barriers to be avoided or overcome, vocational training programs, the threat of technology destroying human values, the importance of educating the workers, the need for good teachers and professors, the adult education program in Mexico, international objectives, and the role of recreation in education. The seminar is summarized.

Approximate running time: 100 minutes.

Koinonia Farm

Camp Koinonia-Highlander, 1957
Scope and Content Note

Children singing and telling what they did at camp; Guy Carawan talks with the children. (Also discussion of segregation in various communities.)

Approximate running time: 35 minutes.

Koinonia Camp Talent Show, 1957
Scope and Content Note

Children singing, playing records, and performing skits.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Report on Koinonia Farms, 1960 March
Scope and Content Note

Dorothy Swisshelm discusses history of the settlement, violence against farms, boycott of the farms, why she came to Koinonia, and requirements for joining the group; question and answer session. (Also poems by John Beecher.)

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Labor workshops

CIO School, 1953 June 26
Scope and Content Note

Discussion about the Volunteer Ordnance Works in Chattanooga and problems of organization at the plant; an African-American named Mr. Smith speaks of going to a white school in 1897 Moscow, Tennessee.

Approximate running time: 35 minutes.

CIO workshop, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of contracts and wage increases.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

Union discrimination and wage discussion, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of discrimination against union workers, comparative wages in North and South, and guaranteed annual wage.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Union operation and wage discussions, undated
Scope and Content Note

Paul Christopher explains union operations at Milan, Tennessee, and lists demands; lists organizers and director of Milan project. Discussion of film center at Highlander, comparison of wages and prices in Memphis and Milan, equal pay for women, production speed-ups, and dangers of speed-ups in powder plant.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

United Furniture Workers workshop, undated
Scope and Content Note

Robert Torrence, North Carolina union leaders, Floyd Buckner, Vice-President and Southern Director of UFW, speaks; Myles Horton comments on fear due to McCarthyism; President of UFW presents awards and certificates to graduates of Highlander workshop; singing "Gimme that Old Union Spirit."

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

United Packinghouse Workers workshop, undated
Scope and Content Note

Lyle Cooper leads discussion of seasonal unemployment and effect on union organization, and labor costs in the packing industry in comparison to other industries.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

United Packinghouse Workers workshop, undated
Scope and Content Note

Workers discuss discrimination in hiring practices and segregated working conditions.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

United Packinghouse Workers workshop, undated
Scope and Content Note

Film center report, making of movie at Sizzle Ranch in Texas, working with oyster workers in New Jersey, filmstrips used in Chicago, and use of filmstrips at Highlander for unions.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

United Packinghouse Workers workshop, undated
Scope and Content Note

Lyle Cooper leads discussion of democracy in industrial unions, profits in the packing industries.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Miscellaneous

Discussion of India, 1956
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Stewart Meacham tells of Indian government, problems of the Indian people, standard of living, village life, and religion in India.

Approximate running time: 25 minutes.

Integration kit (excerpts), 1957 February 16
Scope and Content Note

Zilphia Horton singing; Myles Horton introduces Septima Clark, George Mitchell, and Rosa Parks; Horton and Esau Jenkins discuss the Sea Islands; Septima Clark tells of work in Charleston; L.A. Blackman tells of integration in Elloree, South Carolina; a union organizer tells of labor organization in West Tennessee.

Approximate running time: 25 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Impressions of the South by Ella Jones, 1957
Scope and Content Note

Ella Jones gives her impressions of conditions of African-Americans in Chattanooga, Atlanta, and Chattsworth and Thomasville, Georgia; comments on school system in the deep South and the boom in building African-American schools; and compares Georgia with Florida.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Meeting at Septima Clark's home, 1959 February 17
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of integration; discussion of red-baiting; Esau Jenkins tells of threats on Martin Luther King's life; comments on voter registration and the economic aspects of breaking down segregation. Discussion of the 1959 raid on Highlander.

Approximate running time: 25 minutes.

Citizens Committee meeting, Charleston, South Carolina 1960 January 19
Scope and Content Note

John B. Thompson discusses progress in the South, Highlander's role, and comments on white reactionaries. Mr. Gadshaw comments on the strike against a Charleston bakery. Mrs. Ruth Bishop tells of her arrest and of Esau Jenkins bailing her out. Mr. Wrighten, a lawyer, makes a statement about the case and comments on the difficulties of African-American lawyers in the South.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Arrest of Rev. Fred Shuttleworth's children, 1960 August 20
Scope and Content Note

Fredrickia tells of leaving Highlander on a bus and refusing to move to the rear. Patricia tells of arrest in Alabama and of Fredrickia and Fred Jr. being hit by a policeman. Mrs. Shuttlesworth tells about making bond for the children. Rev. Shuttlesworth tells of going to get the children out of jail. (Also opening session of New Leadership workshop.)

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Aimee Horton interviews Buford Posey about his views on Politics and Civil Rights, 1964 May 3
Scope and Content Note

Posey describes how he was threatened and ostracized in his home of Philadelphia, Mississippi for refusing to join the Ku Klux Klan.

Approximate running time: 21 minutes.

Walter Cronkite interviews Buford Posey, 1964 July 2
Scope and Content Note

Walter Cronkite interviews Posey by telephone concerning the disappearance of three civil rights workers in Philadelphia, Mississippi. In another telephone conversation, Posey talks with an unknown party about the same subject.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

David Welsh interviews Buford Posey for the Civil Rights Information Service, 1964 July 2
Physical Description: 2 copies with same call number. 
Scope and Content Note

Posey is asked about the disappearance and suspected murder of three civil rights workers in Philadelphia, Mississippi. Myles Horton summarizes Posey's involvement in the case.

Approximate running time: 27 minutes.

Buford Posey and Myles Horton interviews, 1964, 1965
Scope and Content Note

Buford Posey describes four incidents of interracial confrontation from his early life and tells how he was changed from an advocate of white supremacy to a civil rights worker. Excerpts from an interview with Myles Horton about the Highlander Research and Education Center.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Discussions on the Poor, Labor Unions, and Government 1968 October 30-31
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of helping the poor help themselves; comments on the National Association for Community Development's poor people's lobby and ways to train and organize leaders. Myles Horton stresses the importance of letting the people run the programs themselves, and the difference between formulating theories and applying them to actual situations. Discussion of progress and policies in the labor unions, working through county government, and the accomplishments of certain individuals. Participants include Myles Horton, Frank Adams, Jack Minnis, and B. Lloyd.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Filmstrip presentation on Segregation, undated
Scope and Content Note

Robbie Fichman shows a filmstrip and comments on each frame.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Goals of the civil rights movement, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of the goals of the civil rights movement, the willingness to lose a job or to die to achieve those goals, the movement's relationship to Christianity, the quality of white and African-American schools, priorities of the educational system, student involvement in the movement, and some reasons why people join the cause.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Satires on the Southern way of life, undated
Scope and Content Note

Satires on the southern way of life showing the degradation, inhumanity, and stupidity of bigotry. Attacks are aimed at the White Citizens Council, hypocritical preachers, southern justice, and poor living conditions.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Discussion of Fisk Race Relations Institute, undated
Scope and Content Note

Statements are made that segregation means talent lost, income never earned, and a blot on the United States. Favorable mention is made of Ralph Helstein, Packinghouse Workers leader.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

Debate on the film Operation Abolition, circa 1960
Scope and Content Note

Debate at the University of the South between Professor Delks and Fulton Lewis Jr.; Delks comments on errors in the film and concludes that the student riots were communist-led; question and answer session. (Also excerpts from the United Nations workshop.)

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Discussion of “The Fluid South,” undated
Scope and Content Note

Panel discussion on integration; reports on the Charleston-Sea Islands area, Atlanta, and Columbia, South Carolina; comments on political action, law making, and enforcement.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

Discussion on rights of citizens, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of the importance of citizens knowing their rights and plans for establishing and financing a poor people's legal aid program for Appalachia. Group singing of protest and folk songs.

Approximate running time: 300 minutes.

Dr. Otto Hoiberg reports on an International Residential Adult Education Conference held in Canada, undated
Scope and Content Note

Hoiberg describes the purpose and structure of the program and talks about the goals of adult education, atmosphere, administration, teaching aids and methods, and program evaluation. Hoiberg and Myles Horton answer questions about the conference and the Highlander Folk School and lead a discussion on adult education. Plans are discussed for a Canadian-American conference to be held at Highlander and a Liberal Arts College Conference to be held at Goddard College.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Music

May Justus sings, 1953 Summer
Scope and Content Note

May Justus sings lullabies, ballads, mountain folk songs, and some original songs.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Roving singers at the Highlander Folk School, 1953
Scope and Content Note

Guy Carawan sings "Three Little Pigs," "Charlie," and "Brazos." Jack Elliot sings "T for Texas," "Slip Knot," and "Railroad Bill." Frank Hamilton sings "South Coast," two versions of "Brazos," and "Lowland-Low." All sing together "Hard, Ain't It Hard."

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Zilphia Horton sings and leads group singing, 1956 February 16-17
Note: See 515A/60-63 under "Farmers Union."

Pete Seeger sings, 1957
Scope and Content Note

Pete Seeger sings folk, blues, and labor union songs and discusses their value, origin and meaning.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes

Group singing led by Guy Carawan at the Edisto Island Literacy School, 1960 January 7
Scope and Content Note

Songs include “Give Me That Old Highlander Spirit,” “We Shall Overcome,” “Michael, Row the Boat Ashore,” “When the Saints Go Marching In,” “Drinking of the Wine,” “Jesus Is Real to Me,” and “My Life Will Be Sweeter Someday.”

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Group singing at meeting of the Friends World Institute, 1966 May 30
Note: See also 515A/66 under "Harlan, Kentucky, Coal strike."

Mountain Music Festival, 1967 August 26
Scope and Content Note

Mountain Music Festival featuring Peter and David Gott, Guy Carawan, Tucker, the Davises, and the Hickey Sisters.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Mountain Music Festival, 1967 August 26 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Guy Carawan and others lead group singing including the singing of the Highlander theme song, "We Shall Overcome."

Approximate running time: 20 minutes.

Florence Reese Sings, 1968 June, August 31, and 1969 May 1
Scope and Content Note: Florence Reese sings folk songs and several labor songs which she wrote during the organization of a miners' union.
Note: See also 515A/67-69 under "Harlan, Kentucky, Coal strike."

Highlander Music Night, 1968 August 30
Scope and Content Note

Folk songs performed by Peter and Polly Gott, Rob Walsh, Brenda Jones, Randy Ihara, Conrad Browne, and people from Knoxville.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Music Festival at Highlander, 1968 August 30
Scope and Content Note

Songs performed by Rob Walsh, Peter and Polly Gott, Brenda Jones, Randy Ihara, and people from Knoxville.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Music by Peter and Polly Gott and by Randy Ihara, 1968 August 31
Note: See also 515A/68 under "Harlan, Kentucky, Coal strike."

Brenda Jones music and singing, 1968 September 19
Scope and Content Note

Brenda Jones plays the guitar and sings with Conrad and Harriet Browne, with Al Bradford on the flute.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Instrumental music by Seeger and Hamilton, undated
Scope and Content Note: Approximate running time: 100 minutes

Music tests and music for “Selling the Sizzle,” undated
Scope and Content Note: Approximate running time: 60 minutes

Zilphia Horton learning African folk songs, undated
Scope and Content Note

Someone from Africa teaching songs to Mrs. Horton; English translations--"Peace Is Good," "As I Was Traveling Along," and "Anger." Zilphia sings an American Negro spiritual, "He Took My Sins Away."

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

Zilphia Horton leads group singing of spirituals and freedom songs, undated
Scope and Content Note: Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Soul Roots Blues Night, undated
Scope and Content Note

Vocal and instrumental music.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Blues and Soul Music session featuring vocal and instrumental music, undated
Scope and Content Note: Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Community children singing and instrumental music, undated
Scope and Content Note: Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Appalachian folk songs, undated
Scope and Content Note

Music group session featuring Guy and Candie Carawan and Peter and Polly Gott singing Appalachian folk songs.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Poems

Poetry reading, 1961 April
Scope and Content Note

John Beecher reads two poems he wrote while at Highlander, "The Seed of Fire" and "Down By the Riverside."

Approximate running time: 5 minutes.

Note: See also report on Koinonia Farms.

SNCC student poetry, 1965 May 27
Note: See SNCC Poetry workshop, 515A/239 under "Workshops."

Publicity

Highlander Story '53 : film, 1952
Scope and Content Note

Tape used in film Highlander Story '53 with Zilphia Horton leading the singing of spirituals and freedom songs including "We Shall Overcome"

Approximate running time (of whole tape): 20 minutes.

Esau Jenkins, 1957?
Scope and Content Note: Esau Jenkins talking about discrimination in the Sea Islands area.

“The Highlander Story,” 1959
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton talks about the background and purpose of the Highlander Folk School, Septima Clark discusses the program of adult residential workshops, and Esau Jenkins tells about the beginning of adult education programs on the Sea Islands of South Carolina. Excerpts from several workshops and the court hearing of September 19, 1959 are presented, and Horton relates the history of Highlander's legal problems.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

“The Highlander Story,” 1959 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Excerpts of testimony against the faculty and students of Highlander Folk School given during the court hearings of September 1959.

Approximate running time: 20 minutes.

“The Highlander Story,” 1959 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Excerpts of testimony made in defense of the Highlander Folk School during the court hearings of September 1959, the prosecution's closing remarks, and comments on the judge's ruling and later legal battles.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes

“The Highlander Story,” 1959 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Excerpts from the testimony of Myles Horton at the court hearings of November 1959. Horton describes the effects the hearings have had on Highlander and Septima Clark comments on dedication to freedom.

Approximate running time: 10 minutes.

Broadcast material ("The Highlander Story"), 1960 January 8
Scope and Content Note

In broadcast over California radio station, Alice Cobb introduces Myles Horton, discussion of Highlander's background; Septima Clark introduced; Esau Jenkins, Bernice Robinson, Guy Carawan, and Alice Cobb all speak; Horton tells of attacks on the school; Septima Clark tells of raid on Highlander in 1959.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Broadcast material on Highlander (excerpts), 1960
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton introduces Dorcus Ruthenberg; appeal for aid to keep Highlander open; Septima Clark speaks; song "We Shall Overcome."

Approximate running time: 8 minutes.

Broadcast material, 1960?
Scope and Content Note

Singing, “We Shall Overcome”; Myles Horton discusses history and policy of the school; Septima Clark describes a typical workshop; Esau Jenkins comments on the Sea Islands project and how Highlander became involved; Allene Brewer tells about Edisto Island Citizenship School; Guy Carawan leads singing "We Shall Not Be Moved," followed by a prayer; Myles Horton tells about attacks on the school; Dorcus Ruthenberg relates more about the investigation; Ike Church being questioned by A.B. Sloan and Cecil Branstetter at the trial.

Approximate running time: 35 minutes.

“The Durable Mr. Horton,” 1964 January 14
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton is interviewed by Trevor Thomas about the closing of the Highlander Folk School, the new Highlander Research and Education Center, programs like Highlander's, justice in southern courts, and the history of the song "We Shall Overcome."

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Myles Horton interview, 1964 February 7
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton is interviewed by Paul Sheats at the Sheats home. Horton describes the Highlander Research and Education Center, its programs and goals. Recent activities and workshops are discussed. Horton explains Highlander's leadership training programs, expansion of activities, acceptance of the programs by the white and African-American communities, opposition to the work carried on there. Abbot Kaplan praises the efforts of Myles Horton and Highlander.

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

John Thompson interview, 1964 February 21
Scope and Content Note: Interview with John Thompson about the Highlander Folk School. Topics discussed include the development of the program, the goals of the school, and the extent to which they've been achieved, selection of staff and students, sources of support and opposition, and the effects of recent legal battles on the school and the country. Thompson describes the contributions made by Highlander to other institutions and movements, compares Highlander to other southern schools, and talks about the school's relationship to the community.
Note: See content notes are in Box 110 (Part 2).

Myles Horton interview, 1965 February
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, in a radio interview by Ben Sweet talks about the background of the Highlander Research and Education Center, its objectives, programs, and approaches to various problems facing the South. Horton discusses the importance of music to the school's program, sources of support and opposition, financing the programs, and the outlook for the future. Horton explains his personal philosophy of belief in people and developing the leaders of a movement.

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

“The New Highlander,” 1966 April 9
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton and Esau Jenkins are interviewed by Elsa Thompson. Jenkins talks about the origin of the Sea Islands Citizenship Schools. Horton describes the programs and objectives of Highlander. They discuss progress made in voter registration and interracial relations in recent years and the outlook for the future.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Interview with Myles Horton, 1967 February 23
Scope and Content Note

Shelley Burton and Sophie Stein talk with Myles Horton about the history and philosophy of the Highlander Research and Education Center. Horton tells about attacks on the Center and his hopes for the future of the civil rights movement.

Approximate running time: 23 minutes.

“The Highlander Controversy,” undated
Scope and Content Note

A Knoxville City Councilman tells why he thinks the Highlander Research and Education Center should be investigated. A summary of Highlander's history and current objectives is given by Myles Horton and Conrad Browne. The accusation of sympathizing with communism is discussed. Arguments in favor of and in opposition to the investigation are presented.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Sea Islands
Note: See "Citizenship program."

Workshops

Miscellaneous and unidentified

Regarding voting, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of voter registration, the role of the church in encouraging people to vote, learning about the working of the political structure, literacy schools; stimulating interest in voting, African-Americans working within precincts, sending delegates to the county convention, the power of the vote, and political education. Question and answer session.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Myles Horton workshop discussion, undated
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton conducts a workshop discussion on organizing community action groups, developing leaders, and utilizing volunteer help.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Supreme Court decision and the Public Schools

Discussion of Integration in Illinois, 1953 July 13
Scope and Content Note

Dr. William Van Til tells of Illinois Interracial Council, role of Governor Adlai Stevenson in desegregating the state, segregation in East St. Louis and problems of desegregation in Alton, Illinois.

Approximate running time: 35 minutes.

Discussion of integration in Illinois, 1953 July 13 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Dr. William Van Til discusses opposition to school integration in Alton, Illinois and answers questions on the leadership role of Catholic Church, problems of leadership in Illinois, and school protests in Illinois; Myles Horton comments on African-American leadership in their own movement.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Discussion of integration in Illinois, 1953 July 13 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of leadership in the desegregation movement. Dr. William Van Til answers questions about integration in East St. Louis and Alton, Illinois; effect of the movement on school children; letter read from Russell Babcock of the Illinois Commission on Human Relations; general discussion of segregation in Illinois.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Washington report, 1953 July 15
Scope and Content Note

Irene Osborne describes the unique situations and problems of schools in Washington, D.C., conditions prior to the 1950s, and organizations involved in the struggle to desegregate the schools.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Washington report, 1953 July 15 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Irene Osborne describes the Joint Committee on Education in the District of Columbia, lists member organizations, and discusses the attitudes of teachers on integrating the schools.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Washington report, 1953 July 15 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Irene Osborne discusses policies of the Joint Committee, views of member organizations, the Committee's effect on public opinion, integration of restaurants, and tactics used by opponents of desegregation.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Washington report, 1953 July 15 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Irene Osborne tells of the Joint Committee's efforts to work with the administration on desegregation of the schools, and discusses individual members of the Board of Education.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Washington report, 1953 July 15 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Irene Osborne comments on the attitudes of teachers toward integration of schools; Myles Horton urges study of Washington as a model city in race relations; summary of discussion on the approach to the problem of school desegregation; Osborne answers questions.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Discussion on democracy, 1953 July 22
Scope and Content Note

Ted Brameld discusses philosophy of democracy and civil rights; open discussion of democracy and opposing systems.

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

Discussion on democracy, 1953 July 22 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton and Ted Brameld discuss with students Highlander's role in a democracy and integration in schools and organizations.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

Discussion on democracy, 1953 July 22 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, Ted Brameld, and students discuss the extent to which high schools accept the responsibility of informing students and preparing them to become good citizens; Horton comments on lack of concern by labor leaders for the civil rights movement.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Oak Ridge school system, 1953 August 2
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of Oak Ridge school system and the problems involved with segregation.

Approximate running time: 35 minutes.

Segregation discussion, 1954 June 29
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton tells group not to be critical of persons who are not free to join the movement, comments on the role of the churches, segregation in Knoxville, segregation in blood banks, Episcopal church and segregation.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes

Note: See content notes are in Box 110 (Part 2).

Segregation discussion (continued), 1954 June 30-July 1
Scope and Content Note

Group singing role of good discussion leaders in a workshop, comments on African-American doctors in the civil rights movement; discussion of future workshops on the United Nations; Julia Mabee leads a general discussion on the purpose of a good workshop, guidelines for a workshop, and how a workshop is set up. Dean Brazeal discusses African-American teachers in white schools, teachers' roles in political action, dangers of destroying cultural core of African-American community by allowing African-American teachers to speak out too freely and being fired; discussion of Farmers Union in Carroll County, Tennessee, whose leaders studied at Highlander; comments on some break down of segregation barriers in Jackson, Tennessee.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

United Nations (U.N.) workshops

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 2-3
Scope and Content Note

Purpose of the workshop; American Legion's opposition to the U.N.; segregation and world opinion; Myles Horton tells of interview with Eleanor Roosevelt, Reis Williams mentioned as making headway on U.N. discussions in Charleston, South Carolina; Esau Jenkins discusses the Sea Islands and Charleston area, makeup of population in Islands, economic problems and how Sea Islands relate to the U.N. Fred Bennett discusses the Supreme Court and problems of small farmers in Alabama; housing problems for African-Americans in Crosset, Arkansas; praise for unions in Crosset; difficulty of getting credit for African-Americans; unemployment in Bristol, Tennessee; industrialization in the South; unionism in Florida; economic problems of Cumberland County, Tennessee; right to work laws and political action. Avraham Mezerik discusses background and politics involved in running the U.N.; Security Council.

Approximate running time: 150 minutes.

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 3-4
Scope and Content Note

Discussion on Korea and collective action by U.N., race discrimination in South Africa, Economic and Social Council, Trustee Council, and India's moral force in the world; Myles Horton tells of Coal Creek Rebellion and of later efforts to organize in Tracy City and La Follette, Tennessee. Helen Boughton discusses Economic and Social Council of the U.N.; difficulty in getting State Dept. clearance for delegates to international organizations and conferences, how Farm Agricultural Organization works, selection of delegates to U.N. organizations.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/146.

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 4-5
Scope and Content Note

The class is divided into panels to discuss race relations, Korea and China, disarmament and underdeveloped nations; A. Mezerik discusses world currency and the world market, International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, peace keeping and brush fire wars, loyalty of delegates to U.N. and home country, conversation with Ralph Bunche, and discrimination against U.N. in the United States. Panel discussion on forced labor, South Africa, Korea, and China; new students introduced, small farmer problems discussed, discussion of Charleston, South Carolina, Port Authority and unionism in Charleston. Group singing--"Same Boat, Brother" and "I Couldn't Hear Nobody Pray."

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/147.

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 5-6
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of political action and the U.N.; problems of getting Congress to vote for U.N. support; comments on effectiveness of writing to Congressmen. Myles Horton explains the Democratic primary in Tennessee that was held the previous day, comments on victory of Frank Clement and Estes Kefauver as victories for the civil rights movement in Tennessee. (Also Debate on the film Operation Abolition.)

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/148.

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 6-7
Scope and Content Note

Helene Boughton discusses practical work for U.N. in the community, lists organizations that are interested in the U.N., comments on problems of segregation in the Charleston chapter of the American Association for the U.N., methods of creating interest in the U.N. in the local area and how nongovernment organizations can get hearings in the U.N.; Margaret Lamont leads discussion on history and members of the Trustee Council; lists Trustee areas, explains philosophy behind the U.N. Myles Horton asks students for a decision on whether to hold silent prayer as the U.N. does; discussion of Meditation Room at the U.N.; A. Mezerik discusses China and the U.N., politics involved in refusal to admit Communist China.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/149.

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 6
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton discusses with Esau Jenkins the Charleston and Sea Islands area; Anna Kelly tells about integration moves in Charleston; Horton comments on right wing opposition to integration and the U.N.; Septima Clark tells how she recruited Esau Jenkins to come to the workshop; Horton stresses the need for working through existing organizations; Fred Bennett and Helene Boughton begin role playing debating the U.N.; Nancy Gough comments on ways to increase attendance at U.N. meetings; Beulah Johnson discusses Tuskegee Civic Association; Horton comments on some failures of Highlander, the labor movement, and plans for future.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note

Continuation of 515A/150.

See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 7
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of the military aspects of non-recognition, economic aspects of non-recognition, China and the Korean War, possibility of war with China, China and Tibet, and lack of civil liberties in Communist China; Horton gives his views on communism and world peace, coexistence, compares communism and democracy, warns that civil rights leaders will be called communists, comments on nonviolence as a tool of use to the civil rights movement, and points out that Highlander is breaking the law of the state by integrating students; Septima Clark leads discussion of how to further the U.N. in local communities and lists groups that are interested in U.N. in Knoxville.

Approximate running time: 145 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/151.

U.N. workshop, 1954 August 8
Scope and Content Note

Discussion prior to opening of last session about lack of colleges that will allow interracial conferences; silent prayer or meditation; Myles Horton comments on his belief in worship; Barbara Reynolds gives summary of small group discussions; Horton tells students how to help one another when they get back home and lists various groups that have been to Highlander and will help, comments on his philosophy of developing leadership, tells of non-segregated union he organized in South Carolina during the 1930s.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/152.

U.N. workshop highlights, 1954 August 1-8
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton discusses integration and the U.N., working through local leaders, involving as many people as possible in local leadership, developing new leadership, establishing clear-cut goals, and leadership in local communities. Group singing including "Same Boat Brother" and "Couldn't Hear Nobody Pray."

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

U.N. workshop excerpts, 1954 August 6-8
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton discusses leadership training programs, the importance on conviction and motivation, effective use of a combination of local leaders with outside advising, ways to develop new leaders and the need for a clear-cut challenging goal.

Approximate running time: 25 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Avraham Mezerik discussion, 1955
Scope and Content Note

Avraham Mezerik discusses local and United Nations problems including the necessity of international cooperation in solving problems, the pressure from world opinion as an aid to the civil rights movement, and the need to overcome fear of being labelled a communist for advocating integration.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

The South prepares to carry out the Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation in public schools

Integration in the Oak Ridge school system, 1955
Scope and Content Note

Tom Dunigan, principal of the Oak Ridge, Tennessee High School talks about integration in the Oak Ridge school system, the history and progress of desegregation of the schools, public opinion, integrating the public swimming pool, and the policy of hiring African-American teachers.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Integration in the Oak Ridge school system (continued), 1955
Scope and Content Note

Tom Dunigan talks about faculty and student reactions to integration, the relationship established in an interracial student body, and parents' reactions. During a question and answer period topics treated include reasons for following a particular course in desegregating a school, integrating athletics, housing, social affairs, and the administrative structure, and the possibility of African-Americans "taking over" an area or facility.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Community leadership training

Education in Sweden and Nigeria, 1955
Scope and Content Note

Seven Sundin speaks on adult education in Sweden, and the history, structure, and programs of the Swedish folk high schools. Ogba Agba Okarie reports on education in Nigeria including the history, development, and structure of schools, and the way in which leadership is developed.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

Discussion of integration movement, 1955
Scope and Content Note

Irene Osborne and Myles Horton discuss organizing the integration movement, developing leadership, planning programs in local communities, school desegregation, distributing information, and working to gain public acceptance. Horton gives a review of the discussion.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Folk schools in Germany and Holland, undated
Scope and Content Note

Elisabeth Brinkman talks about folk schools (i.e. adult education) in Germany, their function and goals, programs and teaching methods, means for developing leadership, and attempts to reach people of all ages, classes, and religions. Oscar Guermondprez talks about the function of folk schools in Holland, dealing with social problems, educational methods, and leadership training.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

College workshops

College weekend workshop, 1957 January 7
Scope and Content Note

Reports of committees: comments on building a movement without hate; how to stop bias on a personal level; compromising of ideals to society, and the movement in Montgomery; evaluation of workshop and suggestions for future workshops.

Approximate running time: 130 minutes.

College workshop, 1958 March 28
Scope and Content Note

Rev. John B. Thompson discusses freedom of thought in colleges; comments on science and communism, red baiters, students' role in freedom of thought, role of whites in the integration movement, and responsibility for making democracy work.

Approximate running time: 110 minutes.

College workshop, 1958 March 29 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

General discussion of communication of social issues through the arts.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

College workshop, 1960 April 1
Scope and Content Note

Nashville leader of student sit-ins comments on the students and the African-American community; comments on plans for economic boycott in Nashville; Tom Tucker, Yale student, tells of sympathy protests against ten-cent stores in his area; Horton offers services of Highlander to the students; students introduce themselves.

Approximate running time: 20 minutes.

College workshop, 1960 April (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Herman Long discusses non-violence, comments on whether adults should be brought into sit-in movement, and discusses involvement of community; Guy Carawan comments on degree of unification of students; discussion of moral vs. legal issue; comments on Nashville Banner and Tennessean; comments on power struggle going on between old and new leadership.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes.

College workshop, 1960 April (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Long compares non-violence in India with the American civil rights movement, comments on sit-ins as a part of the total integration movement, and discusses steps to take while waiting for sit-ins to take effect.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

College workshop, 1960 April (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Long discusses student movement and plays devil's advocate to stimulate students; comments that adults would not have started the movement because of economic, social, and political pressures; comments on leadership of the movement, response of white community to movement; Long says students guilty of bad public relations and questions use of term non-violence instead of peaceful protest. (Also correspondence dictated by Myles Horton).

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Singing, poetry readings, and discussion 1960 April 3
Scope and Content Note

Guy Carawan leads singing "How Can I Keep From Singing" and "Faith of Our Fathers"; Carawan reads poems and selections from the Bible; Myles Horton asks questions of students, plays devil's advocate and argues legal aspects rather than moral; session becomes heated as students and Horton argue; discussion of Rev. James Lawson's being ousted from Vanderbilt; statements read by persons involved in the Lawson affair.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Public school integration workshops

Report on the Southern Mountains, 1956 August 9
Scope and Content Note

Middle of discussion on integration in the Southern mountains; Septima Clark introduces visitors. (Also panel discussion on desegregation.)

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Social and economic changes in the South, 1956 August 8
Scope and Content Note

Fred Routh discusses recent social and economic changes in the South, lists influences upon changing South, comments on NAACP's battle to end white primacy, gives opinion on each of the Southern states as to how they will accept the 1954 Supreme Court ruling, comments on Jim Folsom of Alabama, comments on hate organizations and overlapping membership, lists groups favorable to the integration movement, comments on Orangeburg, South Carolina, explains "Doctrine of Hard Choice," use of domestic workers to spread propaganda among white population, exploitation of African-Americans by other African-Americans, Martin Luther King Jr.'s role in reviving church leadership, Alabama's record in race relations, role of passive resistance and court battles, and comments on the use of the boycott.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Church integration, 1956 August 20
Scope and Content Note

Rev. Robert C. Palmer speaks on integration in the churches, praises Methodist church, comments on gradual change as young ministers replace older ones, and reads a 1955 report of the Fisk Race Relations Institute.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Protests and action in Montgomery, Alabama 1956 August 21
Scope and Content Note

Montgomery bus boycott is discussed by participants; Rosa Parks comments on her arrest and events leading up to the boycott; Rev. James E. Pierce comments on the beginning of protests in Montgomery, formation of the Montgomery Improvement Association, resolutions of the Association, and King's rise as leader of the Association; Rev. Robert Graetz comments on attitudes of non-violence, attitudes of white churches in Montgomery, and comments on his arrest for taking part in the boycott; question and answer session.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/172.

Race relations in Elloree, South Carolina 1956 August 23
Scope and Content Note

L.A. Blackman tells of Elloree, South Carolina; comments on African-Americans being fired for signing petitions in favor of integrating schools, pressure on African-Americans, movement of the KKK in the area, some problems faced by Blackman personally, ways African-Americans fought back, fundraising to aid African-Americans, plight of white farmers who fired African-Americans and then had no one to harvest the crops.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/173.

Status of integration in various cities, 1956 August
Scope and Content Note

Summary of gains and losses in various cities--Washington, Knoxville, Charleston, Birmingham; comments on integration as a fight for democracy; discussion of integration of West Virginia State College by white students, African-Americans' suspicions of white students, economic problems of the school, discussion of interracial dating.

Approximate running time: 180 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/174.

Desegregation in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and comments on Highlander's training program and workshops 1956 August 25
Scope and Content Note

Cortez Puryear tells of desegregation in Winston-Salem, North Carolina--ball park, golf course, courthouse, buses, etc. Evaluations of workshop and plans for future workshops, Myles Horton, Septima Clark, C.E. Parrish, and Irene Osborne participating; comments on Highlander's policy of training rank and file members of movement instead of old leaders and discussion of ways to save time and make workshops more compact.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Note

Continuation of 515A/175.

See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Discussion of the Orangeburg, South Carolina boycott 1956
Scope and Content Note

Rev. Henry Parker tells of students' boycott, reads lists of grievances, comments on students' feelings toward the college president, comments on expulsion of Fred Moore, leader of the students; Myles Horton comments on the boycott as a sign of the times; comments on protests being triggered by the Supreme Court decision of 1954.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Registration and voting

Voter registration workshop, 1954
Scope and Content Note

Discussion by someone from Pennsylvania on the use of political action to gain civil rights legislation. Discussion of the place of the white Southerner in the current struggle for justice.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

Voter registration workshop (evaluations), 1958 June 20
Scope and Content Note

Students identify themselves and report on what they learned at the workshop.

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

Voter registration workshop, 1958
Scope and Content Note

Charles Gomillion speaking; Walter B. Jones comments on trial of NAACP members in Alabama; Eleanor Roosevelt and Harry Golden come in and are introduced by Myles Horton; discussion of voter registration in South Carolina, Chattanooga, and Alabama; comments on pattern of registration and delay tactics used in Williamsburg County, South Carolina; Harry Golden comments on his area in North Carolina; comments on questions asked of African-American voters when they try to register, and publicity for voter registration; Mrs. Israel reports on good voting record in her area; registration in Charleston, South Carolina; Mr. Robinson comments on voter difficulty in Tennessee and voter drives in Memphis, West Tennessee, Nashville, and Chattanooga; comments on pattern of the African-American vote, discussion of Chattanooga Voters' League and its control by political bosses; role of ministers in voter registration drives; incentives for registration--block voter drives, rallies, honor roll in church, etc.

Approximate running time: 130 minutes.

Panel discussion of desegregation, 1960 November 19
Scope and Content Note

Mr. Adams, Rev. Newbern, B. Robinson, Septima Clark, and others; discussion of publicity; registration and voting, poll tax; equal opportunity in state and federal civil service, barriers to African-American voting; comments on states rights; increased civil rights legislation; practical politics and politicians; report on Civic and Welfare League in Brownsville, Tennessee; comments on Fayette County, voting barriers in Haywood County, and need for investigation into voting restrictions in Haywood County. (Also report on the Southern Mountains.)

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Savannah's plan for voter registration, 1960
Scope and Content Note

Director of county organization tells of getting aid from NAACP to coordinate voter registration drive; purpose of drive outlined, where meetings held, financing drive, selection of candidates in Savannah and rest of state; discussion of whether to endorse candidates; Fletcher Robinson comments on influencing voters in Charleston; discussion of NAACP's drive to register African-Americans in the South; comments on county unit system in Georgia.

Approximate running time: 75 minutes.

Discussion on registration and voting, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of voting irregularities, selecting a candidate, New York and Philadelphia politics, issues in a campaign, public meetings, and contacts with state agencies. (Also discussion from the Experimental workshop on Adult Education.)

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

The South Thinking Ahead (25th anniversary seminar)

Religious services, 1957
Scope and Content Note

Prayer by John B. Thompson; Guy Carawan leads singing of "Joyful, Joyful"; sermon by Thompson; Carawan sings "Faith of Our Fathers"; sermon by Bishop Nichols on dangers of conformity. Discussion of the place of the white Southerner in the current struggle for justice.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Martin Luther King Jr. speech, 1957
Scope and Content Note

At Highlander's 25th anniversary celebration, Martin Luther King Jr. speaks on "The Look to the Future." He gives a summary of the history of race relations, talks about the Ku Klux Klan and White Citizens' Council opposing integration, and predicts the eventual triumph of desegregation through economic pressure, Supreme Court rulings, the activities of human relations agencies, the Christian church, and the determination of African-Americans to be recognized as equal.

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Community services and segregation

Planning session, 1958 March 28
Scope and Content Note

Planning session for community services and segregation workshop in May 1958. Scope and purpose of social workers workshop; comments on school bombing in Nashville; discussion of closing schools and its effect on the alliance of African-Americans and poor whites.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Planning session, 1958 March 28 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of who will be coming to the 1958 workshops; discussion of Junior Leagues in Nashville and elsewhere in the state; role of doctors in the civil rights movement; praise for Vanderbilt Hospital in working to end discrimination; Myles Horton tells of cooperation of Paul Savage, Commissioner of Welfare, during the 1930s.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Community Services and Segregation workshop, 1958 May 2
Scope and Content Note

Septima Clark welcomes students; students identify themselves; discussion of types of human relations organizations, breaking down barriers on the professional level, pressure groups and segregation, poor leadership by African-American ministers, eliminating barriers between whites and African-Americans, de facto segregation in the border states, and social work and segregation; summary of day's session; comments on danger of state officials losing their jobs if they become involved in the integration movement.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Community Services and Segregation workshop (continued), 1958 May 3
Scope and Content Note

Group singing--"Lord, Make Me More Holy," "We Shall Walk Through the Valley in Peace," "One Finger, One Thumb"; discussion of people and the professions; excerpt read from American Bar Association report on the Supreme Court; legal and moral aspects of segregation; Horton comments on morals and the law; statement of the American Association of University Professors read; statement of the Methodist General Council read; discussion of value of these statements; Horton discusses labor unions and segregation; statement by Association of Social Workers; statement about leadership in the integration movement by social workers in Nashville; Dr. Lewis Jones discusses migration, comments on rural and urban life, comments on white Southern mountaineer who migrates to the North or West; comments on civil rights fight and aid of whites.

Approximate running time: 145 minutes.

Community Services and Segregation workshop (continued), 1958 May 4-5
Scope and Content Note

Anne Braden reports on work of the Southern Conference Educational Fund; Horton gives a brief history of the organization; someone from Ghana tells of discrimination against him in the United States because of his color; Horton discusses voting and registration; comments on progress in Tennessee; comments on the African-American vote; evaluation of the workshop; discussion of various sessions of the workshop; Lewis Jones comments on a white teacher, Mrs. Scribner, who taught him at Fisk, calls for moral reinforcement of whites who aid the integration movement, comments on pressure put on whites who aid the movement.

Approximate running time: 115 minutes.

Discussion on rural Mexico, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of community development in rural Mexican areas with comments on the poor conditions in Mexican villages, belief and superstitions, institutions and technicians working in rural communities, the basic needs of all communities, projects for aiding in community development and economic assistance, the need to alter the beliefs and attitudes, and the local power structure.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Discussion on rural Mexico, undated (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Conclusion of the discussion on rural Mexico. Presentation on community development among the indigenous peoples of Mexico including discussion on organizing and financing programs, working with the people, developing local leadership, and the ultimate goal of establishing a stable civic organization for community development. Discussion of the social role of teachers.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Teacher role in community development, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of the role of the teacher in community development programs.

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/188.

Adult literacy discussion, undated
Scope and Content Note

In a discussion on adult literacy, presentations are given on adult education programs in Mexico and southern United States.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Community program establishment discussion, undated
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of establishing a program in a community, organizing projects with community support, motivating local action, and developing leadership.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Conference on the problems of migrants

Migration problems, 1958 September 16
Scope and Content Note

Don Fessler, Myles Horton, Lewis Jones, and others talk about raising funds for an education program in Charleston and the Sea Islands; Don Fessler comments on how careful Mountain Workers Conference is about working with African-Americans; comments on human resources being based on potential not race; discussion of limiting concern to the South and letting the North worry about its own problems; discussion of industrialization of the South and the skills involved; problems of northern workers who come South and how they tend to live in the same community; problem of Old Guard not accepting the incoming northerners; discussion of migration and and the voting laws, difficulty of maintaining voting status in a mobile society; comments on unions in the South and how McClellen is trying to weaken them; discussion of a report on migration and comments on how such a report would affect a community such as Edisto Island; comments from someone from the Netherlands.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Migration problems, 1958 September 16 (continued)
Scope and Content Note

Don Fessler, Dr. Lanier, Myles Horton, and others; Horton comments on teen-age gangs in the North; discussion of migration from the Sea Islands; Horton comments on present day pattern of working in cities and living in the country; problem of racial integration in neighborhoods; discussion of Sea Islands and of a pilot project planned to improve the area; comments on Schwartzhaupt Foundation supplying money for literacy in the Islands. Rev. Williams discusses total non-resistance, comments on non-violence as being in opposition to Darwin's theory of natural selection, comments on basis for non-violence, non-violence as an offense as well as a defense; role of Martin Luther King as student of non-violence, and comments on King's home being bombed.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

The Place of the White Southerner in the Current Struggle for Justice

Changing patterns of desegregation, 1969
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton discusses changing pattern of desegregation; comments on changing leadership in the movement, sit-ins as a factor in shift in leadership from whites to African-Americans, difficulty of communication between older members of movement and demonstrators, whites' desire for gradual change and African-Americans' demand for immediate action. (Also religious services at 25th anniversary.)

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May
Scope and Content Note

Rev. Shuttlesworth, presiding, reads letter from 15-year-old white girl in Birmingham who wants to join movement; sit-in leader from Atlanta discusses role of whites in civil rights movement, tells of refusal to take orders from white sit-in leader, and being rebuffed by other African-Americans for it; comments on what white students have to gain by entering the movement; Horton warns that movement could be hurt by using whites at the wrong time; Lewis Jones tells students not to be afraid of "red-baiting" but to expel any persons who refuse to follow democratic methods; discussion of "red-baiting" and labeling. (Also literacy school class meeting in Sea IslandS.)

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 25
Scope and Content Note

Group singing “We Shall Overcome,” "I'll Sit at the Welcome Table," "Michael, Row the Boat Ashore," "I Am a Weary and Lonesome Traveler," "The Ink is Black"; Horton welcomes students, tells them what to expect from the session, and comments on the background of Highlander Folk School and civil rights fight; Septima Clark relates some of her background; students introduce themselves and tell of their experience in the movement.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 25
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of integrated staff on Concern magazine; Guy Carawan tells of his background and of trying to bridge the gap between whites and African-Americans through music. News reports from Radio Press in New York.

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/196.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 26
Scope and Content Note

Anne Braden gives summary of discussions on May 25; new students introduce themselves and give their backgrounds; speakers for session introduced; Washington Butler discusses cooperation on the political level; Mrs. Allene Brewer and Ross Anderson discuss personal and social level cooperation; U.Z. McKennan discusses working together in committees; comments on role of labor unions in the integration movement. (Also discussion from a CIO labor union workshop.)

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/197.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 26
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton presiding; discussion of Nashville sit-ins; Marion Barry discusses law and sit-ins; comments on white aid in Nashville sit-ins; comments on different tactics used in different areas; Anne Braden leads discussion on how whites can be used most effectively in the movement; Myles Horton discusses St. Louis swim-ins; Septima Clark discusses equal pay for African-American teachers in South Carolina; discussion of separate but equal schools. (Also discussion from a voter registration workshop.)

Approximate running time: 80 minutes.

Note

Continuation of 515A/196.

See content notes are in Box 110 (Part 2).

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 26
Scope and Content Note

Further discussion of Nashville sit-ins and what African-Americans expect of whites; comments on the bombing of Z. Alexander Looby's home in Nashville.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/199.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 26
Scope and Content Note

Alice Cobb discusses the church and race relations; Miss Louise Young speaks on Councils on Human Relations in Tennessee; Dr. Phillip C. Sotong discusses communications between whites and African-Americans in Chattanooga; discussion of conformity and the social structure in Chattanooga; Mrs. Anna Kelly comments on working with volunteer organizations; Miss Kay Jones comments on government agencies and segregation; question and answer session. Anne Braden, Myles Horton, Guy Carawan, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, Rita Sanders, Washington Butler, and others discuss white and African-American leadership; Mr. Butler tells of integration in Oak Ridge; Horton comments on lack of personal contact between whites and African-Americans; discussion of Little Rock school desegregation and efforts of some whites to keep schools open; discussion of breaking down segregation laws before integration movement becomes a reality; summation of the day's session.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/200.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 27
Scope and Content Note

Mrs. Lois Reeves, presiding; reports of small committees; Rosa Parks reports on Politics and Organizations, comments on world peace as the next major reform movement, praise for League of Women Voters, comments on youths arrested in protest demonstrations; Myles Horton makes general comments on integration; Jim Massingill reports on social and personal relations, comments that African-Americans suspect all whites; Mrs. Reeves reports on role of the church organizations and other groups who are willing to help; Ed Wright and James Bevel report on additional efforts in the future movement; discussion of demonstrations in Huntsville, Alabama; summary of discussions on sit-ins.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/201.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 27-28
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Viola Bernard, Lewis Jones, and others discuss early ideas of human relationships; report on social and personal relations between whites and African-Americans; Dr. Bernard suggests more tolerance for white liberals; report on "red-baiting" and labeling; comments on overusing white liberals and destroying their usefulness to the movement. Horton gives summary of the session; Septima Clark makes a few closing remarks; member of Southern Christian Leadership Conference outlines objectives of the organization.

Approximate running time: 70 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/202.

Role of whites in desegregation, 1960 May 28
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Bernard speaks on integration and "red-baiting"; comments on "lunatic fringe" who are anti-civil rights, and anti-Semitic, and anti-progress.

Approximate running time: 20 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/203.

Political Education and Community Development workshop

Report on the Civil Rights Act of 1960, 1960 July
Scope and Content Note

William P. Mitchell discusses role of federal judges in enforcement of the law; Myles Horton comments on how to speed up the act and test the law; discussion of issuing a statement on the act; attempts to circumvent the act; civil rights in West Tennessee; Horton comments on the civil rights law as a political tool and predicts more enforcement in the election year. (Also training class for citizenship school teachers.)

Approximate running time: 30 minutes.

Experimental workshop on Adult Education

Adult Education workshop, 1961 January 20
Scope and Content Note

Students introduce themselves and tell of previous experiences; Emogen Stroman tells about Savannah boycott, A. and I. professor tells about sit-ins in Nashville; Septima Clark demonstrates teaching methods used in literacy school, comments on grouping students, how to teach writing, teaching the writing of numbers, and class programming. (Also discussion from workshop on integration.)

Approximate running time: 40 minutes.

Adult Education workshop, 1961 January 21
Scope and Content Note

Septima Clark discusses eviction of tenant farmers in West Tennessee; comments on transition of tenant farmers to truck farmers in Sea Islands and suggests same for West Tennessee; comments on plans to send Lane College students into West Tennessee to run education program; importance of voter registration in adult education schools; evaluations of citizenship schools; influence of citizenship schools on voter registration; comments on what subjects to take up in class; reports from teachers in citizenship schools; aid to citizenship schools by churches; keeping records on individual students; purpose of citizenship schools.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/205.

Adult Education workshop, 1961 January 21
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of African-American goals and working with whites; Beaufort, North Carolina, cited as ideal town for interracial relations; Myles Horton explains his guiding philosophy and what kind of world he is working for; Septima Clark discusses Highlander's plans for training new leaders; Myles Horton outlines extension facilities and financing of programs by Highlander. (Also discussion on Registration and voting.)

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note

Continuation of 515A/206.

See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

New alliances in the South

Comments on the integration movement, 1961 February 23
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton comments on integration movement; comments on Haywood County Civic and Welfare League; background of registration and voting in Haywood County; discusses Crusade for Voters in Savannah; Horton explains his philosophy; discussion of Madison County, Alabama; background and purposes of Alabama Human Relations Council; Horton comments on white involvement in the movement; comments on sit-ins and race relations in Nashville, Knoxville, and Huntsville; background of sit-ins and Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; Ross Anderson tells more about sit-ins; Horton comments on jail as a status symbol; Horton summarizes the day's session and ties in discussion with the overall movement; Horton comments on the joining of old and new leadership.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Comments on the integration movement, 1961 February 24
Scope and Content Note

Wyatt T. Walker discusses background and purpose of integration drive in Petersburg, Virginia, with emphasis upon keeping interest in movement going, cooperation of various groups in Petersburg, and development of student organization, discussion of Savannah boycott, use of mass media for movement, establishing a broad base in the community, and student movement in Savannah; segregation of public facilities in Huntsville; obtaining state charters for organizations. Methods of desegregating public libraries; primary function of various African-American groups; comments on citizenship schools; problem of apathy among African-Americans in Huntsville; problem of maintaining secrecy in planned marches, etc.; summation of session.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/208.

Comments on the integration movement, 1961 February 24
Scope and Content Note

Wyatt T. Walker discusses the background of demonstrations in Nashville; comments on history of African-American movements from 19th century; Alice Cobb tells why sit-ins were necessary and comments on the role of Nashville Community Relations Conference in the movement; Rev. C.T. Vivian speaks on role of churches in Nashville movement, comments on James Lawson, and background leading up to sit-ins; John Lewis speaks on role of students from Nashville colleges, arrest of students; Lester Carr speaks on psychological impact of the sit-ins; question and answer session; comments on demonstrations in Savannah, demonstrations in Atlanta, and bombing of Z. Alexander Looby's home in Nashville; Horton comments on taking advantage of white violence; violence in Nashville and impact upon merchants; role of Nashville African-American minister in the movement.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/209.

Comments on the integration movement, 1961 February 25
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Lewis Jones discusses group movements and organizations, questions survival of integration organizations with no long range goals, comments on Tuskegee Civic Association as a dying mass movement, comments on lawyers and civil rights cases, comments on Democratic Party in the South, and comments on New England schoolteachers who came South; Horton takes over remainder of the session; steering committee nominated; informal discussion after session is over, comments on sending out a leaflet to college students outlining the session at Highlander.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/210.

New Leadership workshop

New Leadership workshop, 1961 March 14
Scope and Content Note

Students introduce themselves and tell why they came to Highlander; singing. Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth's children tell of being arrested for refusing to move to the back of the bus.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

New Leadership workshop, 1961 March 15
Scope and Content Note

Rev. Major Jones discusses responsible African-American leadership, Montgomery boycott and role of Martin Luther King Jr., role of the sit-ins in bringing out the best and worst among African-American leaders, destruction of old leadership by the student movement; role of the new leaders; question and answer session; comments on African-American ministers as leaders; comments on "Atlanta Compromise"; comments on survival of sit-in movement; discussion of Black Muslim movement. (Also evaluation of youth camp.)

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/212.

New Leadership workshop, 1961 March 16
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of Black Muslims and efforts to combat the movement. (Also youth camp student council meeting.)

Approximate running time: 15 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/213.

The New Agenda for the Southerner

Discussion of “The Fluid South,” 1961 May 6
Scope and Content Note

James Woods discusses background of social attitudes in the South, economic background of change, population shift from rural to urban, political factor in change, social or cultural factor of the African American, influence of communism and black nationalism, the movement, comments on Marcus Garvey and Father Divine, voting potential of African-Americans; question and answer session; discussion of Muslim movement, failure of Muslims in Atlanta, and use of name “X”; Horton comments on Muslims. (Also panel discussion on integration.)

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Panel discussion on Highlander's Role in the New South, undated
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, Lewis Jones, Septima Clark, and others, discuss employment of African-Americans, need for skilled tradesman, impact of new industry in the South, power elite in the South; Horton recalls starting integration workshops in 1953; Jones predicts more segregation in housing in the nearfuture; discussion of African-Americans in unions. (Also discussion from a citizenship training workshop.)

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

Note: See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Beauticians' workshops on leadership

New leadership responsibilities, 1962 October 29
Scope and Content Note

Lillian Robinson, discussion leader, and Lewis Jones, consultant; discussion of leadership responsibilities in training African-Americans for job opportunities; Mrs. Ruth Griffin speaks on leadership responsibility in voter education. Aimee Horton conducts skits on an effective democratic society; Myles Horton gives summary of the session; discussion of ideas for future voter education drives; Bernice Robinson offers Highlander's help in future drives.

Approximate running time: 110 minutes.

Leadership responsibilities, 1963 January 21
Scope and Content Note

Dr. Lewis Jones speaks to a group of beauticians in Chattanooga on leadership responsibilities and better job opportunities for African-Americans, number of top jobs available, need for more technical and vocational schools, civil service, unions and apprenticeship training programs, employment of African-Americans in various branches of government; question and answer session; discussion of test cases and resulting loss of jobs; comments on lack of interest in better schools for African-Americans.

Approximate running time: 100 minutes.

Voter Education workshops

Votes Education, 1962 June 4-5
Scope and Content Note

Students singing “Keep Your Eyes on the Prize,” “Soldiers of Freedom,” “If I Had A Hammer,” “Oh, Freedom,” and “We Shall Overcome”; Bernice Robinson asks students to introduce themselves and tell of their experiences; evaluation of plans to be used in the drive; plans for organizing Greenwood and Vicksburg, Mississippi; methods used by students in voter education drive in Cleveland, Mississippi; Hosea Williams speaks to the students on organizing and gives background of drive in Savannah, Georgia; comments on registration and voting strength.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Voter education, 1962 June 5
Scope and Content Note

Hosea Williams speaks to students on working with local politicians, difficulty of organizing rural areas, use of singing in the movement; question and answer session; new students introduce themselves; Miss Edna Smyre speaks on voter registration in Knoxville.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/219.

Voter education, 1962 June 5-6
Scope and Content Note

Lewis Jones comments on Knoxville drive; Miss Smyre urges the use of all members of community no matter what their status; Lewis Jones and a student have a heated exchange over use of certain methods; value of stressing the drive and not the sponsoring organization; Hosea Williams expresses fear of factionalism among African-Americans and warns students to hold their tempers; Bernice Robinson comments on Highlander's role in the labor and integration movements and stresses idea of the program coming before the organization; discussion of how closely to identify with local organizations; Williams warns students not to become involved with local controversies; Williams urges African-Americans to run for office wherever possible; Lewis Jones tells of African-American organizations that worked for Wendell Willkie in 1940; discussion of corrupt politics and politicians. Washington Butler speaks on evaluation of candidates and comments on issues on the city level; Horton defines purpose of workshop; Butler and Horton lead discussion of issues and candidates; Butler comments on African-American community in Oak Ridge.

Approximate running time: 180 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/220.

Voter education, 1962 June 6
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton comments on power structure in the South and old African-American leadership; Butler discusses the use of power structure to African-Americans' advantage; power structure in Albany, Georgia; discussion of delivering the vote; Butler comments on effectiveness of League of Women Voters, campaign contributions, factionalism among African-Americans, ethics in politics, and comments on Frank Clement and machine politics in Tennessee.

Approximate running time: 165 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/221.

Voter Education, 1962 June 7
Scope and Content Note

Esau Jenkins discusses background and purpose of the Palmetto State Voters Association, political organization,on Johns Island, comments on "Uncle Tom's" and vested interest groups among African-Americans, use of economic pressure in Charleston to get more jobs for African-Americans, and comments on political power of the vote; question and answer session; comments on evaluation of candidates; role of teachers in the movement; political appointment of African-American teachers; ministers who refuse to help; background of citizenship committee in Charleston area; comments on mixed neighborhoods in Charleston; problem of maintaining a unified movement; comments on police discrimination in Charleston and how citizenship committee works for arrested African-Americans; comments on newspapers and the movement; comments on making inroads in a local area.

Approximate running time: 180 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/222.

Voter education, 1962 June 7-8
Scope and Content Note

Esau Jenkins comments on making inroads in a local area; Bernice Robinson gives a summary of the day's session and gives students some general advice; discussion of two party system in the South; Esau comments on 1960 election, the vote on Edisto Island, and faith of adults in the student movement. Charles Sherrod discusses drawing up guidelines to be used by future workers in voter registration drives; Bernice Robinson takes students to task for lack of seriousness; outline or code of conduct for workers while in the field; discussion of plans for summer program of voter registration.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/223.

Voter education, 1962 June 8
Scope and Content Note

Students participate in a discussion of individual plans for summer programs; Bernice Robinson tells of teaching in Sea Islands and discusses citizenship schools in general; Horton urges students to formulate plans for specific period of time, comments on use of churches for meetings; Horton and students discuss the Albany, Georgia movement and use of new concepts in the movement; discussion of symbolism in the movement.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/224.

Voter education, 1962 June 8-9
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton leads a discussion of the need to work on key counties to be used as a symbol of success, and comments on "Freedom Rides" as a symbol; he leads discussion of evaluation of the workshop; opinions of students on purpose of the workshop; Horton sums up what has been attempted in the workshop and suggests that students help set up a workshop for Tougaloo, Mississippi; discusses financing Highlander's operations and comments on how the school can help future drives; students offer suggestions for future workshop.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note

Continuation of 515A/225.

See content notes in Box 110 (Part 2).

Voter Education workshop (Tougaloo, Mississippi) 1962 June 18
Scope and Content Note

Students introduce themselves, tell of past experiences and future plans; discussion of registration barriers in Mississippi, contacts in local areas, role playing as part of a workshop, sponsoring organizations, and plans for long range voter education drives in Mississippi; Rev. R.L.T. Smith comments on voter registration drive as akin to missionary work; Professor Yates comments on practical aspects of registration drive; comments on poll tax in Mississippi; Highlander staff member gives background of the school in labor and race relations; closing remarks by Myles Horton.

Approximate running time: 95 minutes.

Voter Education workshop (Mississippi), 1962 July 2
Scope and Content Note

Kenneth Kemper discusses role of government and its branches, power of governor and how his power is used to maintain segregation, role of state legislature in Mississippi, judicial branch of government; Peter Gilbert discusses registration requirements in Mississippi; literacy tests and voting restrictions in Mississippi; comments on voting restrictions in South Carolina; comments on backing of Justice Dept. and Civil Rights Commission.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Voter Education workshop (Mississippi), 1962 July 2
Scope and Content Note

Bernice Robinson, Kenneth Kemper, and Peter Gilbert give summary of session; discussion of lack of favorable publicity in Mississippi, role playing in voter registration, discussion of African-American life in Mississippi, role of ministers in the movement, and comments on fears of African-Americans in the South.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/228.

Voter Education workshop (Mississippi), 1962 July 3
Scope and Content Note

Peter Gilbert discusses registration forms, outlines answers to each of the questions, and stresses importance of each question; discussion of question on interpretation of Mississippi constitution; Bob Johnson discusses poll tax, exemptions to poll tax, primary and general elections, choosing a candidate and the power of the African-American to vote; discussion of voter registration in Jackson, Mississippi; comments on structure of the Democratic Party in Mississippi; review of the session.

Approximate running time: 160 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/229.

Voter Education workshop (Mississippi), 1962 July 4
Scope and Content Note

Students reading and interpreting the Mississippi constitution. Bob Johnson discusses running for office and electioneering, Democratic Party on the local and national level, and power of the African-American vote in the South; role playing on running for office; Amzie Moore and John Hodges make mock political speeches.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/230.

Voter Education workshop (Mississippi), 1962 July 4
Scope and Content Note

Following mock political speeches by Amzie Moore and John Hodges, students participate in questioning of the "candidates," and general comments on both speeches; skits on voter registration. Kenneth Kemper speaking on branches of national government; discussion of federal courts and regulatory agencies; Peter Gilbert discusses federal protection for civil rights workers and what to do if arrested.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes

Note: Continuation of 515A/231.

Voter Education workshop (Mississippi), 1962 July 5
Scope and Content Note

Peter Gilbert comments on favorable publicity, election pressure, running African-American candidates, and block voting; summary of voting and registration; procedure for getting African-American students registered in white schools; student evaluations of session from (in order) James Jones, John Hodges, Bob Moses, Susie Williams, Carolyn Redd, Robert Talbert, Minnie McCoy, Willie Mae Foster, Carnell Lowe, Bobbie Robinson, Alice Peck, Remlie Johnson, and Amzie Moore.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

Note: Continuation of 515A/232.

The Role of the Church and the Place of Non-violence in the Civil Rights Struggle

Voter Education workshop (Mississippi), 1964 February
Alternate Format: All or part has been digitized and is available online: Part 1 of 2 and Part 2 of 2.

Scope and Content Note

Group singing of freedom songs followed by a discussion of why Christian people are reluctant to involve themselves in the civil rights movement, how to encourage participation, and how God works in the movement. C.T. Vivian speaks about justice and equal opportunity in America, repenting for the apathy of the past, hardships to be faced in the future, and the need for leadership. C.L. Jordan speaks on organizing a movement and using Jesus as a model teacher.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Church and non-violence in civil rights, 1964 February 4
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of involuntary military service; constitutionality of alternative service, the biblical story of escape from bondage, non-violence, God's will for man, and the relevancy of religion to life today. C.L. Jordan tells the story of John the Baptist's life as if it were part of the civil rights movement in the South. C.T. Vivian talks about the scope of the movement and some of the problems it faces.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Church and non-violence in civil rights, 1964 February
Scope and Content Note

Singing. C.T. Vivian gives a review of the program on the non-violent revolution including issues raised, participants, tactics, goals, and the necessity of dealing with basic issues from a radical approach with masses of people, gaining allies outside the African-American population, and dealing with fears. In a Bible session, C.L. Jordan interprets passages from John and Matthew in contemporary terms depicting Jesus as a leader of a movement. Discussion of why people are reluctant to participate in the civil rights movement.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Church and non-violence in civil rights, 1964 February
Scope and Content Note

Interpretation and discussion of Biblical passages; children perform a skit about the lost continent of Atlantis; C.T. Vivian leads a discussion on the civil rights movement emphasizing the need to win allies such as among African-Americans, civil rights groups, student groups and American Indians, by raising the issues of housing, jobs, and the right to vote.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Church and non-violence in civil rights, undated
Scope and Content Note

Review of the discussions on 515A/235 and 236. Discussion of productive non-violence and the role of the church in race relations; comments on how the church can work for the solution of the problems of poor housing, unemployment, and discrimination. Plans for integrating churches are considered.

Approximate running time: 90 minutes.

SNCC Poetry workshop

Poetry workshop, 1965 May 27
Scope and Content Note

Students at lunch talking about relationships between men and women and their rights and duties. Students read poems they have written on a wide variety of subjects ranging from love to racial problems.

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Louisiana Citizenship and Voter Education workshop, New Orleans, Louisiana

Citizenship and voter education, 1966 February 2-3
Scope and Content Note

Discussion of civil rights, freedom of speech, voting, the power structure, educating the people, establishing a third political party, writing the party platform, and gaining public support, comments on the African-American as part of American culture, equal opportunity for African-Americans, and distrust of the press; discussion of various periodicals and newspapers and of social conditions in South Africa Ben Smith talks about African-Americans in politics.

Approximate running time: 240 minutes.

Appalachian Leadership workshop

Excerpts from discussions of community problems in Kentucky and West Virginia, 1967 October 6-9
Scope and Content Note

Myles Horton, speaking to a group of VISTA workers, gives advice on how to help the mountain people.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Youth Project

Youth camp, 1960 August
Scope and Content Note

Staff evaluation of the individual campers, how each one responds to camp, other children, authority, etc. (Also New Leadership workshop discussion.)

Approximate running time: 60 minutes.

Youth camp (continued), 1960 August 10
Scope and Content Note

Student council meeting; 214 discussion of way to make future camps better; discussion of one girl who left camp; problem of recruiting; evaluations of camp by students.

Approximate running time: 50 minutes.

Youth camp (continued), 1960 August 15
Scope and Content Note

Panel discussion on integration; Septima Clark comments on Nashville PTA; comments on changing conservative thinking in community; reason why some African-Americans do not assert their rights; NAACP boycott in Savannah discussed, how boycott enforced, and exploitation of African-Americans by other African-Americans; comments on Charlotte, North Carolina; unification of African-American community; difficulty of organizing for equal education; opinions of students on school integration, quality of schools, and ministers who refuse to aid movement; comments on Tuskegee and African-American community there; school integration in Louisville, Kentucky; voter registration and integration of schools in Knoxville; reasons why some African-Americans don't want to go to white schools; qualifications of African-American students; some advantages to a grade-a-year plan integration.

Approximate running time: 120 minutes.

Evaluation of Summer Youth Project, undated
Scope and Content Note

Participants comment on the things they have learned through the project. Group singing led by Guy Carawan.

Approximate running time: 45 minutes