Title: Herman L. Ekern Papers
Inclusive Dates: 1888-1954

Creator:

• Ekern, Herman L., 1872-1954

Call Number: Wis Mss UF

Quantity: 36.4 c.f. (91 archives boxes)

Repository:

Wisconsin Historical Society, Division of Library, Archives, and Museum Collections

Archival Locations:

Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)

COLLECTION MAY BE STORED OFF-SITE: see catalog entry to request materials and for additional information.

Abstract:

Papers of Herman L. Ekern, a Wisconsin attorney, progressive Republican, and state official, relating to progressive politics and campaigns, insurance practices and legislation, the St. Lawrence Seaway, Great Lakes water diversion, the University of Wisconsin, and programs such as social security and unemployment compensation. Ekern authored railroad retirement and teachers' retirement acts and was actively interested in other legislation involving taxation, redistricting, the county court system, and establishment of the state life insurance code. Primarily correspondence, the collection also includes speeches and writings of Ekern on insurance or related topics; records of the Lutheran Brotherhood, a large fraternal life insurance company which he helped found; papers from his own political campaigns and from the La Follette-Wheeler 1924 campaign; and other materials. Many state and national figures are included among Ekern's correspondents.

Language: English

URL to cite for this finding aid: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-wis000uf

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Herman L. Ekern, Progressive Republican state official and authority on insurance legislation, was born in 1872 on a farm in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin of Norwegian immigrant parents. At the age of fourteen he moved to Whitehall with his family, where he attended school and worked in his father's store.

On graduation from the University of Wisconsin law school in 1894 he joined in a partnership with Hans A. Anderson at Whitehall, and in the fall of that same year was elected district attorney for Trempealeau County. He served in that office for four years, and then practiced law. In politics he embraced the progressive cause as an ardent follower of Robert M. La Follette--a devotion that lasted through many campaigns and a quarter of a century.

Herman Ekern served in the state Legislature in the sessions of 1903, 1905, and 1907, entering at the beginning of La Follette's second term, and serving as speaker in the last session. As a La Follette lieutenant he guided much progressive legislation through the Assembly, being active in the fight for the primary law, civil service, and railroad safety and rate regulations. But Ekern became most widely known for his work in connection with the insurance investigations conducted by a legislative committee.

In 1905, just before La Follette resigned as governor to become senator, a committee was appointed by the Legislature to investigate life insurance companies in the state. The committee's work extended through 1906 and into 1907, and since Ekern had early demonstrated a talent for handling insurance matters, he served as special counsel for the committee as well as a member. As a result of the committee's work, legislation was passed which served as an example to all other states, and was the means by which many companies of questionable standing were forced to withdraw from operation in Wisconsin. Throughout these years he maintained his association with his law partners in Whitehall, first Hans A. Anderson and later Ole J. Eggum.

Having become an expert in insurance and actuarial matters in drafting insurance legislation, Ekern was appointed deputy commissioner of insurance under George E. Beedle in 1909, and in 1910 was elected commissioner of insurance. The following year he persuaded the legislature to make the office appointive. He proved to be an outstanding commissioner and gained a national reputation in the insurance field. He was instrumental in making it possible for the National Convention of Insurance Commissioners to draw up a bill to guide the states in regulating fire insurance companies, and worked constantly to strengthen the insurance laws of Wisconsin without driving out of the state sound and desirable companies.

An incident of interest in 1913 was an order by Governor McGovern removing Ekern from office, allegedly for political activity. Ekern successfully resisted the attempted ouster, but was not reappointed to his office at the end of his term in 1915. For the next seven years he maintained law offices in Chicago and Madison, specializing in legal matters relating to insurance. The firm of Ekern and Meyers (later Ekern, Meyers, and Janisch) in Chicago served as attorneys for the mutual insurance companies of the nation and enjoyed a wide reputation in its special field. It was during this period (1917) that Ekern played a part in advising the federal government on the Soldiers' and Sailors' War Risk Insurance Act.

In 1922 he was elected attorney general of Wisconsin, and again in 1924. While in this office he was not only active in bringing about reforms and improvements in Wisconsin, but also carried on legal battles that again gained him national prominence--the abolition of the Pittsburgh Plus (by which steel companies added the cost of freight from Pittsburgh to the price of steel no matter where they were located) before the Federal Trade Commission, and the opposition to Chicago's diversion of lake water in its sanitary and ship canal program.

All through these years Ekern was concerned with the Progressive party's candidates and program. He frequently helped to write the state platforms, attended the Republican national convention of 1908, and was a delegate to the national convention of 1920. He was director of the financial campaign to raise funds for La Follette's 1924 campaign for president.

In 1926, following Ekern's unsuccessful bid for governor, he returned to a highly successful private practice, again specializing in insurance law, and keeping offices in both Chicago and Madison. During the ensuing years he supported social security legislation, the Wisconsin Teachers' Retirement Act, unemployment insurance, public funds insurance, and lake levels litigation. He transferred the allegiance he had shown La Follette to the latter's son, Robert M. La Follette, Jr., and in 1938 was appointed lieutenant governor by Governor Philip La Follette. This was in preparation for his campaign to become United States senator in the election of that year, at which time he won the Progressive primary but was defeated in the election by the Republican, Alexander Wiley.

Herman Ekern was married in 1899 to Lily C. Anderson of Whitehall. They had six children, Elsie, Lila, John, George, Irene, and Dorothy. George became associated with his father in the Chicago office. Ekern died in 1954.

The Ekern papers are divided into two main sections: the Original Collection presented to the Archives in 1953, and the Additions presented in 1964. The Original Collection consists of correspondence, speeches, articles, releases, insurance material, miscellaneous notes and memoranda, and clippings. These materials date 1888-1938, 1944. The Additions contain similar material and date 1890-1954. Each of the two sections is described in more detail below.

Original Collection, 1888-1938, 1944

This section of the papers is organized in the categories Correspondence; Speeches, Articles, and Releases; Campaign Materials; Insurance Materials; Miscellaneous Notes and Memoranda; and Clippings. Mention should be made of Ekern's method of dating papers. It was his habit to put the year first, then the month and day, with no mark or spacing in between. Thus 221130 would mean 1922, November 30.

At the time these papers were received in the Archives, a large segment was turned over to the state archives division. This included official papers and correspondence of Ekern as attorney general. Thus, although scattered reference to legal opinions and to the Great Lakes water diversion controversy will be found in the papers described here, the researcher will find more in the attorney general's papers in the state archives. Many legislative bills and amendments also were included originally; since these are readily available elsewhere, only those with annotations and those relevant to insurance were retained.

The Ekern CORRESPONDENCE in this section, filed chronologically, contains many letters exchanged with persons of state and national importance. (See partial list in Appendix I of this finding aid.) It is of value particularly to the students of Progressive Republican politics or of insurance legislation. By far the largest amount of correspondence is of a political and business nature.

From 1888 to 1902 most of the letters are concerned with Herman Ekern's family, written during the years when he was still living and practicing at Whitehall. Between 1902 and 1913, while living in Madison, he was in frequent correspondence with his law partners in Whitehall, usually concerning legal matters but also including observations on politics.

In a letter of June 4, 1902 Ekern first mentions La Follette and politics, and in that year also he was first elected to the state Assembly. From that time on, the correspondence contains many letters dealing with Progressive Party politics on the local and state levels, and with proposals for legislation. While chairman of the Assembly's Judiciary Committee his letters reveal an interest in taxation, redistricting, county courts, the regulation of certain companies, etc. Later, when he was connected with the Insurance Commission (1910-1915), there are many references to insurance problems, regulation of companies, and relations with agents.

In almost every year in which the Progressives were particularly active, Ekern's correspondence reveals something of this activity. For instance, in 1911 the work of the Progressives in influencing state legislation is obvious, and in 1912 greater interest in the national Progressive campaign is evidenced. There is comparatively little correspondence from 1916 to 1921, with the exception of an exchange of letters and telegrams in 1917 relating to Ekern's part in helping to write the act for the soldiers' and sailors' war risk insurance for the federal government.

From the time that he was first elected attorney general in 1922 until he was defeated for governor in 1926, Ekern's correspondence is filled with references to political matters, most of them routine and yet some concerning Progressive plans. After returning to private practice again there is indication that he helped with Progressive campaigns in the state, particularly the one of 1928; however, there is relatively little correspondence in the decade between 1928 and 1938.

In 1938, when Ekern was defeated for the United States senate by Alexander Wiley, the correspondence is extensive but comparatively routine. Much of it is concerned with sending and receiving nomination papers and with scheduling personal appearances.

The SPEECHES, ARTICLES, AND RELEASES Files are from the years Ekern took active part in political campaigns. He spoke extensively and released many opinions and arguments to the press. Many of these releases are filed in these boxes, and cover chiefly the years 1910-1916, 1921-1929, and 1938.

The CAMPAIGN MATERIALS are mainly lists of party workers throughout the state, Progressive platforms, and ideas on legislation needed.

The INSURANCE MATERIALS include seven boxes in which papers are filed on various phases of insurance. These include speeches on insurance, tax and corporation problems, legislative bills, matters relating to particular insurance companies, legislative investigations of 1906-1907, war risk insurance, fire insurance, and the State Life Fund. In 1921 Ekern's Chicago firm issued a leaflet called Mutual Legislative Bulletin to serve as a guide to the several states for mutual insurance legislation. Many numbers of this bulletin are included here.

The MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND MEMORANDA include papers on the Ekern-McGovern controversy of 1913; the Ekern-Smith controversy of 1925; the Great Lakes water diversion controversy; and miscellaneous notes, memoranda, and programs. Filed in Box 53 is a Minutes Book for the Assembly's Judiciary Committee, January to May 1905.

The CLIPPINGS include files Ekern kept of clippings relating to his work, controversies, and Progressive party politics. These are filed in 4 boxes and 4 volumes; they are dated and filed by subject. These also include a collection of editorials, news items, and opinions on Robert M. La Follette, Sr. published in 1922.

Additions, 1890-1954

The Additions consist primarily of CORRESPONDENCE; see partial list in Appendix II of this finding aid. Arranged chronologically by months, it overlaps with the original collection, but apparently without actual duplication. Some rough distinctions may be made. Although the Additions do contain some business and political correspondence and letters from many of the same people as the original collection, they also include correspondence touching on areas little covered in the original collection. For instance, the Additions include Ekern's personal, financial, and family correspondence. An interesting facet of Ekern's life revealed in this correspondence is his extensive philanthropic interests in the form of donations to churches, charities, and colleges, and loans to individuals and institutions. The Additions also contain MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS which were grouped into the following general categories: personal, speeches, clippings, insurance, legal, political, materials relating to the Wisconsin Unemployment Commission, and a 1922 diary.

The Additions include correspondence relating to other matters not extensively covered in the original collection. During the period 1939-1943, when Ekern served on the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin, Ekern exchanged correspondence with other regents and with University administrators. Much correspondence of the later 1940s and the 1950s also relates to the University, as Ekern was active in the Alumni Organization, the Half-Century Club, and the University of Wisconsin Foundation. Correspondence relating to the Lutheran Brotherhood, a company which Ekern helped found and for many years served as president and one of the directors, covers the period of development and growth of what has become one of the largest fraternal life insurance companies in the United States. Smaller in quantity, but still important, is correspondence relating to the Wisconsin Unemployment Commission (1931-1932), social security (1930s and 1950s), and the St. Lawrence Seaway (1950s).

It may also be observed that nearly half of the correspondence falls in the later period of Ekern's life, 1939-1954, scarcely touched upon in the original collection. Another period little covered in the original collection is that of the La Follette-Wheeler presidential campaign of 1924.

The correspondence for 1924 deserves special mention. In addition to Ekern's personal and financial correspondence for the period, it includes his files as finance chairman of the La Follette-Wheeler campaign, and the files of Will R. McCord, the professional fund-raiser who assisted in the campaign. Both sets of files contained much material of a purely routine nature, but also much of value to the student of campaign techniques and/or Progressive politics in general, and of the 1924 campaign in particular.

For the most part, Ekern's campaign files included correspondence with state and national Progressive leaders and prospective campaign contributors. McCord's files included correspondence with his field workers assigned to major states to solicit large contributions from persons of wealth, with many frank remarks exchanged on the problems of obtaining funds from businessmen who were sympathetic, but unwilling to be publicly associated with a “radical” movement.

The campaign correspondence, originally arranged alphabetically by state, has been integrated into the general chronological arrangement of the rest of the Additions. However, an attempt has been made to preserve some of the original order by initialing folders from Ekern's files “HLE”, and those from McCord's files “WRM”; and by indicating generally the states covered in each folder. For a given month, Ekern's personal correspondence and miscellaneous unfiled campaign correspondence appear in the first folders, followed by Ekern's “state” files and then McCord's “state” files. These distinctions are very rough, and overlapping occurs.

Acquisition Information

Primarily presented by Herman L. Ekern, Madison, Wisconsin, 1953, and by Dorothy Ekern, Madison, Wisconsin, 1964. In May, 1962, the Society received a large folder of Ekern's correspondence that once had been loaned by the family to Dr. Walter Polner, Madison, for use in writing his Ph.D. thesis. This correspondence, December, 1937 to August, 1942, concerned the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937. It is interfiled in chronological order in the Original Collection.

Processing Information

Additions processed by Emilie Al-Khazraji, December 8, 1964.

	Series: Original Collection, 1888-1938, 1944
	Subseries: Correspondence
Box   1	1888-1889; 1891-1901, October
Box   2	1901, November-1904
Box   3	1905, January-May
Box   4	1905, June-1906, November
Box   5	1906, December-1908, June
Box   6	1908, July-1909, July
Box   7	1909, August-1910, June 3
Box   8	1910, June 4-August 12
Box   9	1910, August 13-December
Box   10	1910, (no month)-1911, August 9
Box   11	1911, August 10-1912, February
Box   12	1912, March-October
Box   13	1912, November-1913, June
Box   14	1913, July-December
Box   15	1914, January-June
Box   16	1914, July-1915, January 18
Box   17	1915, January 19-May
Box   18	1915, June-November 15
Box   19	1915, November 16-1922, May
Box   20	1922, June-July 13
Box   21	1922, July 14-August 10
Box   22	1922, August 11-31
Box   23	1922, September 1-October 10
Box   24	1922, October 11-1923, February
Box   25	1923, March-December
Box   26	1924, January-June
Box   27	1924, July-1925, April
Box   28	1925, May-November 13
Box   29	1925, November 4-1926, April
Box   30	1926, May-June
Box   31	1926, July-1927
Box   32	1928, January-1938, August 16
Box   33	1938, August 17-September 30
Box   34	1938, October-1942, August, 1944, undated; biographical material
	Subseries: Speeches, Articles, and Releases	⇧
Box   35	1902, 1906-1908, 1910-1914
Box   36	1915-1916, 1918, 1921-1924
Box   37	1924-1926
Box   38	1926-1928
Box   39	1928-1929, 1938, undated
	Subseries: Campaign Materials	⇧
Box   39	Materials, 1904, 1907-1909
Box   40	Materials, 1910-1914; Campaign finances, , 1922
Box   41	Materials, 1922
Box   42	Materials, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1938, 1944, undated
Box   43	Materials for John J. Blaine, Fred R. Zimmerman, George F. Comings, Solomon Levitan, 1922, and Robert M. La Follette, Sr., , 1922 and 1924
	Subseries: Insurance Materials	⇧
Box   44	Speeches and releases
Box   44	Notes and memoranda
Box   45	Tax and corporation problems
Box   45	County tax reports
	Legislative bills
Box   46	Insurance
Box   46	Various topics
Box   47	Insurance companies in Wisconsin, 1902-1906, undated
Box   47	Draft for book [?]
Box   47	Medical examinations, 1915
Box   48	Briefs, testimony, agreements, hearings
Box   48	Legislative Investigations, 1906-1907
Box   48	Legislative recommendations and reports
Box   48	Soldiers and Sailors War Risk
Box   48	State Life Fund
Box   48	Material on Report regarding Kentucky, circa October 1915
Box   49	Fraternal Beneficiary Societies
Box   49	Mutual Legislative Bulletin, 1921, Arizona-Wisconsin
Box   49	Beavers National Mutual Benefit Company
Box   49	Investigation of the Independent Order of Foresters
Box   49	Reports on Examinations of Insurance Companies
Box   50	Fire Insurance, 1916-1918, undated
	Subseries: Miscellaneous Notes and Memoranda	⇧
Box   51	Ekern-McGovern Controversy, 1913
Box   51	Ekern-Smith Controversy, 1925
Box   51	Smith-Ekern Inquiry: Resolution No. 20, S., May 19th-June 12th, 1925, Senators Harry Sauthoff (Chairman), C.B. Casperson, William A. Titus, Walter Polakowski, A.E. Garey
Box   51	Expense Vouchers, 1912-1915
Box   51	Regarding Will of Rhoda Thoreson, May 3, 1910
Box   51	Miscellaneous, including Diary Notes, 1907-1909
Box   52	Notes and Memoranda
Box   52	Agreements, Briefs, Resolutions
Box   52	Miscellaneous: Programs, Invitations, Inventory of Ekern's Office Files, 1927
Box   53	Great Lakes water diversion Court Cases: Northern vs. Chippewa Valley and Northern Railway, 1909-1912
Box   53	Minutes book--Judiciary Committee
	Subseries: Clippings	⇧
Box   54	Insurance, 1910-1916, 1924-1928
Box   54	Great Lakes water level controversy, circa 1923-1926
Box   54	Ekern-Smith Controversy
Box   55	Politics, 1922-1925, 1927-1928, 1938
Box   55	La Follette News Articles
Box   55-57	Miscellaneous
Box   57-58b	Campaign for Governor, 1926
	Series: Additions, 1890-1954	⇧
	Subseries: Correspondence
Box   59	1890-1919
Box   60	1920-1923
Box   61	1924, January-August
Box   62	1924, August-September
Box   63	September 1924
Box   64-65	October 1924
Box   66	1924, October-December
Box   67	1925-1927
Box   68	1928-1930
Box   69	1931-1932
Box   70	1933-1935
Box   71	1936-1938, May
Box   72	1938, June-1939, September
Box   73	1939, October-1940
Box   74	1941-1942, April
Box   75	1942, May-1943
Box   76	1944-1945, September
Box   77	1945, October-1947
Box   78	1948-1949
Box   79	1950-1951
Box   80	1952
Box   81	1953
Box   82	1954
	Subseries: Miscellaneous materials	⇧
Box   83	Miscellaneous personal and biographical materials (including , 1922 diary)
Box   83	Speeches and press releases, 1922-1949
Box   84	Newspaper clippings, 1913, 1916, 1923-1944 Note: Arranged by years.
	Insurance
Box   85-86	Lutheran Brotherhood Scope and Content Note: Minutes of the executive committee and the board of directors, and miscellaneous mimeographed organizational and financial materials, 1925, 1932-1954; documents relating to the history of the Lutheran Brotherhood, and miscellaneous printed matter.
Box   87	Social Security, 1936 Scope and Content Note: Miscellaneous materials by Ekern and others.
Box   87	War Risk Insurance, 1917-1919 Scope and Content Note: Drafts of legislation, tables, statistics, forms.
Box   87	Miscellaneous materials, unsorted
	Legal
Box   87	Chicago Water diversion case briefs and documents, 1920s
Box   87	St. Lawrence Seaway - miscellany, 1952-1953
Box   87	Wisconsin vs. Ekern Brief, 1938 Scope and Content Note: Brief on Behalf of the State of Wisconsin and the Defendant Herman L. Ekern (trial case of the governor's power to appoint his own lieutenant governor in case of a vacancy).
Box   88-89	Legal and financial records of Ekern's law partnerships, circa 1916-1925, 1946, 1951-1954
	Political
Box   88-89	U.S. - La Follette-Wheeler campaign, 1924 Scope and Content Note: Organizational and financial materials, minutes of the Joint Executive Committee, press releases, etc.
Box   89	Wisconsin, 1924, and miscellany
Box   89	Wisconsin Unemployment Commission - minutes, construction reports, and miscellany, 1931-1932
Box   90 Volume   2	Clippings: Legislative Insurance Investigation
Box   90 Volume   5	Republican Fact Book: Roll Call by States, 1924
Box   91 Volume   3	Clippings: Insurance Probe, Insurance Laws, and Ekern-McGovern Controversy
Box   91 Volume   4	Clippings: Ekern-McGovern Controversy

• Addams, Jane, Chicago settlement worker
• Allen, Robert S., newspaper columnist
• Baker, Newton D., Secretary of War
• Beedle, George E., Wisconsin insurance commissioner
• Birge, Edward A., President of the University of Wisconsin
• Blaine, John J., Progressive Republican governor and U.S. senator
• Borah, William , U.S. senator
• Broughton, Charles E., Sheboygan editor
• Comings, George F., Lieutenant Governor
• Commons, John R., economist
• Cowie, Robert S., La Crosse lawyer and judge
• Crownhart, Charles Henry, Justice, Wisconsin Supreme Court; Progressive campaign manager in 1916
• Dahl, Andrew H., Wisconsin Sate treasurer and Progressive politician
• Davies, Joseph E., U. S. commissioner of corporations, director for the Federal Trade Commission
• Donald, John S., Secretary of state and Progressive politician
• Dudgeon, Mathew S., Secretary of the Wisconsin Free Library Commission
• Duffy, F. Ryan, U.S., Senator and circuit judge
• Esch, John J., Congressman
• Frankfurter, Felix, Harvard law faculty; later, supreme court justice
• Frear, James A., Congressman and Progressive politician
• Gale, Zona, author, playwright
• Hoan, Daniel W., Mayor of Milwaukee
• Holmes, Frederick L., journalist and author
• Hull, Merlin, Congressman
• Kading, Charles E., Congressman
• Krumrey, Henry, State senator, Progressive politician, and cheese cooperative organizer
• La Follette, Philip F., Governor
• La Follette, Robert M., Sr., Governor and U.S. senator
• La Follette, Robert M., Jr., U.S. senator
• Lenroot, Irvine L., Congressman and senator
• Levitan, Solomon, Wisconsin state treasurer
• Lochner, Louis P., foreign news correspondent
• Long, Huey P., Louisiana senator
• McAdoo, William Gibbs, Secretary of the U.S. treasury
• McCarthy, Charles, Legislative reference librarian
• McGovern, Francis E., Milwaukee lawyer and governor
• McNary, Charles L., Senator from Oregon
• Nelson, John M., Congressman
• Philipp, Emanuel L., Stalwart Republican governor
• Pinch, Gifford, Governor of Pennsylvania
• Rogers, Alfred T., Law partner of Robert M. La Follette, Sr.
• Shipstead, Henrik, Senator from Minnesota
• Stephenson, Isaac, Senator
• Van Hise, Charles R., President of the University of Wisconsin
• White, William Allen, Editor
• Whitnall, Charles B., Secretary of the Milwaukee County Park Commission
• Zimmerman, Fred R., Governor and secretary of state

• Addams, Jane, 1924, October 14
• Allen, Robert S., [1922, circa August] (“important campaign notes”)
• Baldwin, Roger, 1924, August
• Beedle, George E., scattered
• Blaine, John J., 1928, November
• Browne, Edward E., 1924, August
• Commons, John R., 1924, August
• Cooper, Henry Allen, 1924, September
• Dykstra, Clarence A., 1940s
• Evjue, William T., 1917-1950s (scattered)
• Frankfurter, Felix, 1924, October 10
• Frear, James A., 1935, February
• Heil, Julius P., 1940, July
• Hillquit, Morris, 1924, September - October
• Huber, Henry A., 1924
• Johnston, William H., 1924
• Kearl, Bryant, 1948, May 7 (regarding finances of 1924 campaign)
• King, Judson, 1917-1950s
• La Follette, Belle Case, 1928, January 10
• La Follette, Philip F., scattered
• La Follette, Robert M., Sr., 1920, 1924
• La Follette, Robert M., Jr., scattered, but especially 1924
• Levitan, Solomon, 1924, October
• Manly, Basil, 1920, October 8 (Memo regarding Chicago Conference of Progressives); 1924
• Nelson, John M., 1924
• Norris, George W., 1940, September 20
• Olbrich, Michael B., 1920-1921
• Pedrick, Samuel M., 1949-1950
• Rawleigh, W. T., 1924
• Renk, Wilbur N., 1954, January 27
• Rennebohm, Oscar, 1954, November 24
• Reynolds, John W., 1926, October 8
• Rogers, Alfred T., 1921, 1924
• Rubin, Morris H., 1950s
• Sauthoff, Harry, 1924
• Schneider, George J., 1924, September
• Sensenbrenner, Frank J., 1940s
• Sigman, Samuel, 1924, September; 1928
• Thompson, Carl, scattered
• Viereck, George Sylvester, 1924
• Walsh, Frank P., 1924, August 27, September 12
• Wheeler, Burton K., letters about Wheeler appear throughout the 1924 campaign correspondence
• White, William Allen, 1924, September 3
• Witte, Edwin E., scattered--fairly extensive for 1920s and 1930s: see especially 1924; 1929, May 16; 1932, January 31; 1936, April 1
• Zimmerman, Fred R., 1926