Summary Information
Grignon, Lawe and Porlier Papers
1712-1884 (bulk 1820-1840)
- Grignon, Lawe and Porlier
Wis Mss B; Micro 982; Green Bay Micro 38; Micro 542; PH 3236
6.4 cubic feet (16 archives boxes), 13 reels of microfilm (35 mm), and 1.2 cubic feet of photographs (4 archives boxes)
Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)UW-Green Bay Cofrin Library / Green Bay Area Research Ctr. (Map)
Business, personal and official correspondence as well as legal papers of the Grignon, Lawe and Porlier families of Green Bay, Wisconsin. Papers relate chiefly to the fur trade in Wisconsin and the northwest; the War of 1812, particularly in Wisconsin; religious affairs; and the duties of Charles Reaum as justice of the peace. Also includes portraits and snapshots of the Grignon family and friends.
French, English
http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-wis0000b ↑ Bookmark this ↑
Biography/History
Pierre Grignon, John Lawe and Jacques Porlier were fur traders who settled in the Green Bay area during the latter half of the eighteenth century. Grignon and Porlier were French-Canadians by birth while Lawe was born in England.
Pierre Grignon Family
Pierre Grignon, a voyageur in the Lake Superior region, son of Sieur Pierre Grignon and Marguerite Chevalier, was born in Deschambault, Quebec, Canada on 16 November between 1735 and 1740. Around 1763 he settled in Green Bay. While living with a Menominee woman he fathered three children of whom only Perische (Perrish or Pierriche) survived. In 1776 Pierre Grignon married Louise Domitilde de Langlade, daughter of Charles de Langlade, a wealthy Green Bay landowner born in Quebec. They had nine children: Pierre Antoine; Charles; Augustin; Louis; Jean Baptiste; Domitilde; Marguerite; Hippolyte; and Amable. The children received some of their education in Green Bay and possibly some of them were educated in Montreal, Canada. In November 1795, Pierre Grignon died.
All the Grignon brothers, except Perische and Jean Baptiste, actively engaged in fur trading. Because of their early arrival in the Green Bay area, their role as traders, and the size of their financial and property holdings in the area, including the estate left the brothers by their maternal grandfather, Charles de Langlade, the Grignon brothers were prominent in Green Bay society. Of the daughters, little is known: Marguerite, born 23 March 1789, married Louis Corbeille in January 1803; Domitilde, born 21 March 1787, married Dominic Brunette possibly in 1806 and settled in Green Bay.
Pierre Grignon's sons engaged in a variety of activities upon reaching adulthood. Perische Grignon acted as interpreter during the War of 1812 and had a homestead on the Fox River in 1823. Later he moved to the Fox-Wisconsin River portage where he married the daughter of a Winnebago (Ho-Chunk) chief. Born on 21 October 1777, Pierre Antoine (also known as Fanfan) headed the family upon his father's death. He worked for the American Fur Company at the same time that John Lawe was in the firm's employ. He had at least two sons one of whom, Pierre Bernard, married John Lawe's daughter Rachel. Pierre Antoine died in Green Bay on 4 March 1823.
Charles, born 14 June 1779, worked for the Northwest Fur Company on Lake Superior until shortly before its merger with the Hudson Bay Company in 1821. He eventually returned to Green Bay and worked with his brothers. He died in January 1840.
Born on 27 June 1780, Augustin, a fur trader in the Green Bay area, operated his own farm and trading post and hauled goods and furs by team around the Kau-kau-lin rapids for voyageurs who piloted their empty boats through the treacherous waters. He married Nancy McCrea in 1804 or 1805 and had five children. They lived at Kaukauna and Buttes des Mort, the latter the site of
his interview by Lyman Draper in 1857. The transcript, “Seventy-two Years Recollection of Wisconsin” is printed in the Wisconsin Historical Collections, volume 3. Augustin died in 1860.
Louis, born 21 September 1783, was an early advocate of education and instrumental in the construction of the first school house in Green Bay. He served as justice of the peace and coroner, sat on the boards of other civil trusts, and became knowledgeable in English law and court procedures. His first wife, by common law, was Therese Rankin; they had two children. Around 23 July 1823, Louis married Catische Cardin. He had three children by that marriage. Louis died in 1839.
Born on 23 July 1785, Jean Baptiste, who was not a fur trader like his brothers, settled into farming in the Green Bay area where he was still residing as late as 1832. During the War of 1812 he was employed by the British as were many French-Canadians during that war.
Hippolyte (Paul or Pollitte), born 14 September 1790, was involved with the fur trade along with his brothers. After the death of Pierre Antoine in 1823, he acted as administrator for Pierre Antoine's estate. In 1825 he formed a partnership with his younger brother Amable and settled in what is now known as the Appleton area. His first wife was a Menominee woman by whom he had several daughters; later he married Lizette Chorette and had two sons and two daughters by that marriage.
Amable was born in December 1795, one month after the death of his father in 1795. During the War of 1812, he served as a corporal in the Green Bay detachment. In 1817 he traded with Duncan Graham and in 1818 worked for the Hudson Bay Company. With capital saved from this venture, he entered a partnership with Hippolyte and traded along the upper Wisconsin River. He married Judith Bourassa. They made their home in Grand Rapids and had two sons. Amable died in 1845.
John Lawe Family
John Lawe was born in York, England in 1779. His father was a captain in the English army and his mother was the sister of Jacob Franks, the first Jewish trader at Green Bay. Franks was a fur trader in Detroit and in 1792 Ogilivie, Gillespie and Company of Mackinaw gave him responsibility for their post in Green Bay. In 1797, Franks started an independent fur trade and hired Lawe to clerk for him. In 1807, John Lawe married Therese Rankin, who had separated from Louis Grignon. The couple had six daughters and two sons; both sons were active in the fur trade. During the War of 1812, Lawe was a lieutenant with the British Army in the Indian Department. He became a successful clerk and trader and eventually succeeded his uncle in 1813, when Franks returned to Montreal. One of the wealthiest men in Green Bay, Lawe held large tracts of land and extensive tenant farms. He served in many public capacities. On 1846 February 11 John Lawe died at Green Bay.
Jacques Porlier Family
Jacques Porlier, born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1765, was educated at a seminary with the intention of entering the priesthood but instead became a fur trader. He was in Mackinaw in 1783 and in 1791 settled in Green Bay where he was clerk and family tutor for Pierre Grignon. He married Marguerite Griesie in 1793 and in 1797 traded independently in northwest Wisconsin and Green Bay. Porlier's educational advantages gave him a place of prominence in the area. In 1815 he served as a militia captain for the British. He held several public positions under the Americans, which included his appointment in 1820 as Chief Justice of Brown County. He held this office until the organization of the Wisconsin Territory in 1836. In 1821 his trading operations were conducted under the firm name of Grignon, Lawe and Porlier acting as agents for the American Fur Company. He and Augustin Grignon started a trading company which had principal posts at Overton's Creek on the Fox River and Point Bass on the Wisconsin River. Porlier died at Green Bay on 1839 July 12.
Porlier had three sons. Joseph Jacques Porlier Jr., born in Green Bay about 1796, was educated at Montreal and fought in the War of 1812 as a lieutenant for the Michigan Fencibles. After the war, he returned to Green Bay and actively entered the fur trade. He married Agatha Grignon, daughter of Louis Grignon. They settled at Kaukauna where he died in 1839. Hippolyte Porlier, the second son, married Marguerite Chorette and lived at Green Bay with their three children. Louis Porlier, the third son, was born at Green Bay in 1815, and married Sophie Grignon, daughter of Augustin Grignon.
Scope and Content Note
The Grignon, Lawe, and Porlier Papers richly document not only the fur trade in Wisconsin during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century but also the lives of the early settlers and the embryonic social institutions they created. These papers are divided into two series, Correspondence and Legal Papers. These documents were originally bound into 65 volumes and the present organization of the collection reflects this early method of handling records. The following description of the Grignon, Lawe, and Porlier Papers was written by Alice E. Smith, formerly Chief of Research at the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
CORRESPONDENCE, 1800-1884, consists for the most part of the business, personal and official correspondence of three families of Green Bay, arranged in one chronological sequence. Most of the communications are written in French, and although the correspondence dates from 1800 to 1884, about two-thirds of it is for the years 1820 to 1840. A number of the letters have been printed in the Wisconsin Historical Collections, volumes X to XX.
The members of the Grignon, Lawe, and Porlier families were early residents of Green Bay and traded individually or in groups, or served as agents for fur trading companies along the shores of Lake Michigan, on the Fox River and the Wisconsin, and, by way of the Mississippi River, on the St. Croix and the region reaching into what is now Minnesota and the Dakotas and as far south as the Missouri. Their correspondence deals with the many details of the operations of the trade: the transportation of cargoes of goods from Montreal, the departure of the fleets from Mackinac to their wintering places, outfitting the crews, complaints of dissensions among the engagees, reports of the progress of the trade from camps during the winter, discussions of Indian troubles, and above all, reports on the financial end of the business, including reports on returns of goods, lists of prices, market reports, and importunities for payment of debts. Since these agents were in a sense the middlemen acting between the outfitters in Montreal and the winterers in the interior, this correspondence is especially useful in showing connections with the complete operations of the trade.
There are about 175 letters in the collection dated up to the end of the War of 1812, divided about equally among those written to members of the three families: Jacob Franks and his nephew and successor in the trade, John Lawe; Augustin, Louis, and Pierre Grignon; and Jacques Porlier. Among these early letters are occasional reports from traders at Milwaukee, on the Wisconsin, Mississippi, and St. Croix rivers; a few concerning the operations of the short-lived Robert Dickson Company; a considerable number from Frederick Oliva and Jean B. Berthelet, Mackinac traders; and many from Forsyth, Richardson and Company, Montreal outfitters for the Green Bay traders.
A relatively small number of letters bear directly on the War of 1812 in Wisconsin. There is the series of Robert Dickson letters written in 1813-1814 while wintering on Lake Winnebago, most of which were published in the Collections, and scattered ones thereafter mainly connected with his problems of assembling Indian warriors and holding their allegiance for the British; a few reports and complaints from Fort McKay (Prairie du Chien), chiefly by Lieutenant James Pullman and Captain Duncan Graham, on the situation there and the conflicts between the Indian department and the military authorities; a small number of military communications and appointments; and a greatly lessened number of letters on the fur trade, limited largely to complaints and to conjectures about the outcome of the war and its probable effect on the trade.
The correspondence for a few years after the war reflects the unsettled state of the trade, but by about 1820 the ascendancy of the American Fur Company over the Green Bay trade is evident. The great collection of letters from the officials of the company to its agents there give advice and instructions regarding the management of the details of the trade, speak of the organization of members of these three families into the Green Bay Company, of the encroachments of individual traders and independent outfitters, of losses, of the growing indebtedness of the traders, of mortgages and land transfers,
of labor supply, of the work of individual traders, and of attempts on the part of the Green Bay agents to end their connection with the company. Letters from Robert Stuart predominate but there are also a number from Ramsey Crooks, Gabriel Franchère, Samuel Abbott, William B. Astor, and others connected at some time and in some form with this branch of the trade.
Letters written from many posts report on the conditions of the trade; those from the Menominee River to the north, from the Cacalin (Kau-kau-lin) and the Butte des Morts on the Fox River, and from Milwaukee, are most numerous. There are a number of letters from Thomas G. Anderson, British trader at Drummond Island, dating from 1815 to 1840; from Amable Grignon, trader in the Athabasca region after the war and later on the upper Wisconsin; from Laurent Fily, clerk for Augustin Grignon and from the latter's sons, Alexander and Charles A.; from Jean Baptiste Jacobs, early Green Bay schoolmaster and later a trader on the Menominee River; from Peter and William Powell, traders at many points from the St. Peter's River to the Cacalin; from Solomon Juneau, mostly after the year 1835; and lesser numbers of letters from Jean B. Beaubien, William Belcher, O.N. Bostwick, Louis Devotion, John and Michael Dousman, John Drew, George Ermatinger, John H. Kinzie, Roderick Lawrence, James H. Lockwood, Raix Robinson, F. Rocheblave, Joseph and Laurent Rollette, Lewis Rouse, Francois Roy, Henry H. Sibley, John Whelan, and many others.
There is little direct information on the Indians, although they are frequently mentioned in connection with the trade. References are made to many Indian treaties, particularly to the gathering of the Indians and the collection of goods, and in the latter part of the collection there are frequent references to annuity payments to the Menominee and the Winnebago (Ho-Chunk). Some letters of Peter B. Grignon and others in 1838 and 1839 discuss meetings of commissioners of Winnebago affairs. In the Winnebago uprising of 1827 and the Black Hawk war, Menominee Indians in the Green Bay region were collected to join the regular troops.
Brief and scattered information on the establishment of American civil and military jurisdiction in the region is found in such forms as orders concerning the liquor traffic, complaints on the curtailment of the fur trade, petitions and declarations regarding citizenship, and some social and business correspondence with officers at the forts and the Indian agents. The claiming and securing of tracts in Green Bay and upper Canada from about 1820 to 1835 by Green Bay residents is referred to, and a few letters from about the year 1835 speak of land speculation and land sales in Navarino and Milwaukee and elsewhere. Writers of a number of letters from Detroit attempt to secure Green Bay votes in territorial elections. Letters from persons not directly connected with the trade include those of James Abbott, Henry S. Baird, Nicholas G. Bean, John Biddle, Charles R. Brush, William Dickinson, James D. Doty, Alexander J. Irwin, David G. Jones, Antoine DeQuindre, Charles C. Trowbridge, Austin E. Wing, William Woodbridge, and many others.
Letters from Catholic priests to their parishioners at Green Bay, from the time of Father Samuel Mazzuchelli's first visit there in 1830 to the end of the collection, are numerous. These include letters from the Reverends Gabriel Richard, François V. Badin, Jean B. Fauvel, Theodore J. Van Den Broek, Florimond J. Bonduel, and a few from Bishop Edward Fenwick. There is a series from Richard F. Cadle of the Episcopal mission at Green Bay, a few from Daniel E. Brown of the Indian mission there, and also some few from Eleazer Williams on secular subjects. Much information on the education of Green Bay youths is available in this collection, in the prospectuses and subscription lists of the local schools and in the series of letters written home by daughters and sons of the Green Bay residents attending schools and academies in Montreal; Lowville, New York; Somerset, Ohio and elsewhere.
While most of the letters in this collection were written primarily for business reasons, there is much information on family and personal affairs contained in them. For many years there are long annual letters to Porlier from his sisters and his cousin, Xavier Malhiot of Verchères, near Montreal.
Several series of letters not properly a part of the Grignon, Lawe, or Porlier papers are filed in the collection: a group of letters, 1807-1818, to Charles Reaume dealing with his duties as justice of the peace, the war, and the trade; several letters addressed to George Boyd and some drafts of his own letters; a collection of family letters of Ebenezer Childs, including several written by him from the territorial legislature at the end of the thirties; and a number addressed to Andrew J. Vieau of Milwaukee and Two Rivers, 1836 to 1846, mainly from his father-in-law, John Lawe, concerning the trade and the operation of a saw and grist mill, but also from a number of his Milwaukee associates. Towards the end of the collection, largely after 1840, there are several letters from pioneer settlers in Fond du Lac, Oconto, Oshkosh, Poygan Lake, Peshtigo Mills, and elsewhere.
Most of the LEGAL PAPERS, 1712-1873, deal with the same general time period as the correspondence. They are chiefly legal papers preserved in the homes or offices of these three families or by early justices of the peace in Brown County -- Reaume, Porlier, Bean, Rouse, and Louis Grignon, and consist of certificates of marriage, apprentice bonds, trade licenses, trade agreements, citizenship papers, assessment rolls, poll tax lists, deeds, leases, notices of auctions, proclamations, election returns, lists of jurors, summones, subpoenas, verdicts, and other miscellaneous papers.
The VISUAL MATERIALS series consists of portraits and snapshots of the Grignon family and friends. The majority were collected by Edith Acker Grignon and her husband Rossiter Grignon, and depict relatives and events of their generation (the late 19th century and early 20th century) rather than the earlier generations documented in the papers. In 1939 Edith Grignon supplied many of the identifications. Also included are pictures of hunting in northern Wisconsin and snapshots of farming in Northern Wisconsin as well as a few snapshots from California and Nevada.
Administrative/Restriction Information
Portions presented by Ursula Grignon, David H. Grignon, Sarah J. Grignon, Charles de Langlade Grignon, Mrs. Frank S. Brunette, Andrew J. Vieau, James M. Boyd, Paul DuCharme, and George W. Lawe. Potographs donated by William F. Wolf, 1967. Accession Number: M67-010
Prepared for microfilming by Ellen Chin, Vivian Laflamme, and Joanne Hohler, 1983-1984. Photographs processed by Carolyn Mattern, 2011.
Contents List
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Wis Mss B/Micro 982/Green Bay Micro 38
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Series: Correspondence
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Box-folder
1/1-2
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1/0-149
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Volume 1, 1800-1812
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1/150-352
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Volume 2, 1813-1814
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1/5-6
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1/353-562
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Volume 3, 1815-1816
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1/7-8
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1/563-790
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Volume 4, 1817-1818
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2/1
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2/791-875
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Volume 5, 1819
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2/2
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2/0-84
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Volume 5, 1819 (continued)
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2/85-290
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Volume 6, 1820 (A)
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2/5-6
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2/291-483
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Volume 7, 1820 (B)
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2/7-8
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2/484-679
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Volume 8, 1821 (A)
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3/1-2
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2/680-887
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Volume 9, 1821 (B)
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3/3-4
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3/0-182
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Volume 10, 1822 (A)
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3/5-6
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3/183-341
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Volume 11, 1822 (B)
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3/342-529
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Volume 12, 1822 (C)
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4/1
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Volume 12, 1822 (C) (continued)
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3/530-648
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Volume 13, 1823 (A)
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4/4-5
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3/649-779
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Volume 14, 1823 (B)
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3/780-860
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Volume 15, 1823 (C)
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4/0-88
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Volume 15, 1823 (C) (continued)
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4/89-244
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Volume 16, 1824 (A)
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Volume 16, 1824 (A) (continued)
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4/245-382
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Volume 17, 1824 (B)
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5/4-5
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4/383-525
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Volume 18, 1825 (A)
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5/6-7
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4/526-628
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Volume 19, 1825 (B)
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5/8
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4/629-704
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Volume 20, 1826
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6/1
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4/705-783
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Volume 20, 1826 (continued)
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4/784-891
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Volume 21, 1827
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6/4-5
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5/0-167
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Volume 22, 1828
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6/6-7
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5/168-267
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Volume 23, 1829 (A)
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6/8-9
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5/268-386
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Volume 24, 1829 (B)
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6/10
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5/387-447
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Volume 25, 1830 (A)
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7/1
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5/448-505
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Volume 25, 1830 (A) (continued)
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7/2-3
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5/506-647
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Volume 26, 1830 (B)
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7/4-5
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5/648-777
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Volume 27, 1831 (A)
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7/6-7
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6/0-125
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Volume 28, 1831 (B)
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7/8-9
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6/126-296
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Volume 29, 1832 (A)
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7/10
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6/297-358
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Volume 30, 1832 (B)
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8/1
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6/359-422
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Volume 30, 1832 (B) (continued)
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8/2-3
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6/423-565
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Volume 31, 1833 (A)
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8/4-5
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6/566-696
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Volume 32, 1833 (B)
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8/6-7
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6/697-892
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Volume 33, 1834 (A)
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8/8-9
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7/0-138
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Volume 34, 1834 (B)
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9/1-2
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7/139-338
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Volume 35, 1835 (A)
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9/3-4
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7/339-509
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Volume 36, 1835 (B)
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9/5-6
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7/510-692
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Volume 37, 1836 (A)
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9/7-8
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7/693-824
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Volume 38, 1836 (B)
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10/1
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7/825-909
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Volume 39, 1837 (A)
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10/2
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8/0-82
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Volume 39, 1837 (A) (continued)
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10/3-4
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8/83-230
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Volume 40, 1837 (B)
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10/5-6
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8/231-395
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Volume 41, 1838 (A)
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10/7-8
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8/396-532
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Volume 42, 1838 (B)
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10/9
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8/533-613
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Volume 43, 1839 (A)
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11/1
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8/614-701
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Volume 43, 1839 (A) (continued)
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11/2
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8/702-771
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Volume 44, 1839 (B)
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11/3
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9/0-71
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Volume 44, 1839 (B) (continued)
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11/4-5
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9/72-191
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Volume 45, 1840
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11/6-7
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9/192-331
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Volume 46, 1841
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11/8-9
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9/332-522
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Volume 47, 1842
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12/1-2
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9/523-706
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Volume 48, 1843
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12/3-4
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9/707-927
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Volume 49, 1844
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12/5-6
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10/0-199
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Volume 50, 1845
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12/7-8
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10/200-330
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Volume 51, 1846-1884
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12/9
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10/331-458
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Volume 52, Miscellaneous (A)
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13/1
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10/459-586
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Volume 52, Miscellaneous (A) (continued)
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13/2-4
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10/87-887
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Volume 53, Miscellaneous (B)
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13/5-6
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11/0-258
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Volume 54, Miscellaneous (C)
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Series: Legal Papers
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Box-folder
13/7-8
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11/259-475
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Volume 55, Certificates of Marriage, Baptism and Divorce; Apprentice Bonds; Licenses, 1712-1855
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Box-folder
14/1-2
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11/476-742
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Volume 56, Fur Trade Engagements, 1779-1821
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14/3-4
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11/743-973
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Volume 57, Fur Trade, 1822-1841
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14/5-6
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12/0-186
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Volume 58, Real Estate, Deeds, Conveyances, 1767-1823
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14/7
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12/187-285
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Volume 59, Real Estate, Deeds, Conveyances, 1824-1859
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15/1
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12/286-401
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Volume 59, Real Estate, Deeds, Conveyances, 1824-1859 (continued)
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15/2-3
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12/02-617
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Volume 60, Miscellaneous, 1793-1819
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15/4-6
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12/618-937
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Volume 61, Miscellaneous, 1820-1822
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15/7-9
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13/0-325
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Volume 62, Miscellaneous, 1823-1826
: The master negative of this reel was water damaged. A copy negative is available as Micro 542. A positive of the master negative is in the Microforms Room as P84-383.
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Box-folder
16/1-2
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13/326-590
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Volume 63, Miscellaneous, 1827-1833
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16/3-4
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13/591-792
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Volume 64, Miscellaneous, 1834-1837
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16/5-6
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13/793-1030
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Volume 65, Miscellaneous, 1838-1873
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PH 3236
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Series: Visual Materials
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Box
1
Folder
1
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Albums of unidentified source
: One image is probably West Coast.
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Box
1
Folder
2
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Acker family
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Box
1
Folder
3
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Acker, Amanda Scott
: Mother of Edith Acker Grignon.
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Box
1
Folder
4
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Acker, Isaac (and 21st Wisconsin Infantry reunion)
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Box
1
Folder
5
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Dart family
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Box
1
Folder
6
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Deuel, Charles E., Reverend
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Box
1
Folder
7
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Deuel family
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Box
1
Folder
8
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Freund, Lydia Grignon and Charles Freund
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Box
1
Folder
9
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Freund, Marie
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Box
1
Folder
10
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Geity family
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Box
1
Folder
11
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Grignon, August Deuel
: Son of Augustin David Grignon.
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Box
1
Folder
12
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Grignon, Charles, Northern Wisconsin hunting cabin, undated
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Grignon, Rossiter
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Box
2
Folder
18
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Portraits
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Box
1
Folder
13
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Hunting trip with Augustin Grignon and Isaac Acker, undated
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Box
1
Folder
14
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Grignon, Mrs. Charles A., family Christmas gathering, circa 1890
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Box
1
Folder
15
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Grignon, Edith (Mrs. Ross)
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Box
1
Folder
16
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Grignons, miscellaneous
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Box
2
Folder
17
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Grignons, miscellaneous (continued)
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Murphy, Mary Jenkins, a cousin of Edith Grignon
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Box
2
Folder
19
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Farming and logging scenes, probably Clark County, Wisconsin, 1914-1925
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Box
2
Folder
20
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Tornado near Reseburg, 1924
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Box
2
Folder
21
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Johnson family
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Box
2
Folder
22
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Lawe family
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Box
2
Folder
23
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Meade family
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Box
2
Folder
24-25
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Named individuals
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Box
2
Folder
26
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Scott family
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Box
2
Folder
27
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Smith, Ruth
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Box
2
Folder
28
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Stockbridge views
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Box
3
Folder
29
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Unidentified tintypes
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Unidentified portraits
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Box
3
Folder
30
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Wisconsin photographers
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Box
3
Folder
31
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Kaukauna photographers
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Box
3
Folder
33
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Appleton photographers
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Box
3
Folder
32
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Unidentified
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Box
4
Folder
34
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Unidentified-Wisconsin
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Box
4
Folder
35
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Unidentified, but identified photographers-not Wisconsin
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Box
4
Folder
36
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Miscellaneous snapshots
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Box
4
Folder
37
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California snapshots and Mojave Desert enlargements, labeled as California, but probably gold mining near Lovelock, Nevada
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