Summary Information
Adolph Germer Papers
1898-1966
U.S. Mss 125A; Micro 676
10.4 c.f. (26 archives boxes and 1 package) and 1 reel of microfilm (35mm)
Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)
Correspondence (1901-1958), diaries (1931-1958), speeches, reports and other union records, and printed matter of labor organizer and leader and Socialist Party leader Adolph Germer; concerning the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), the formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), and activity with the United Rubber Workers (URW), the United Auto Workers (UAW), and the International Woodworkers (IWA).
English
http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-us00125a ↑ Bookmark this ↑
Biography/History
Few lives span as much labor history as does that of Adolph Germer. Almost entirely self educated, he has been an ardent and articulate champion of industrial unionism, playing a role in many of the most dramatic episodes of labor's struggles.
Germer left school at the age of 11 to work in the coal mines in Illinois, at a wage of sixty cents for ten hours; and in 1894, at the age of 13, he participated in his first strike with the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). He took part in the Colorado mine strike of 1913-1914, which culminated in the Ludlow massacre. During the 1920's and early 1930's he was a bitter opponent of John L. Lewis, and was a leader of a rival faction within the UMWA. However, with the formation of the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO, later renamed the Congress of Industrial Organizations), in 1935, Germer joined Lewis, and was one of Lewis' chief lieutenants in the organization of the rubber and automobile industries, contributing much to the establishment of the infant CIO. In the early 1940's he directed the organizational drive of the International Wood-workers of America (NA). In 1946-1947 he represented the CIO in Paris as Assistant Secretary-General of the World Federation of Trade Unions in charge of colonial affairs. As CIO National Representative for the West, Germer directed CIO activities for the states west of the Mississippi, was one of the CIO's top troubleshooters in areas of communist disruption, and often took over the office of CIO Vice President and Director of Organization when Allan S. Haywood was absent. Even after his retirement in 1955, Adolph Germer continued to serve the CIO on special assignments.
An active unionist all his life, Germer has also believed in the efficacy of political action to secure the rights of labor. He joined the Socialist Party in 1900 and became a close friend and disciple of Eugene V. Debs. Between 1916 and 1918 he was National Secretary of the Socialist Party. In 1918 he was tried on a charge of conspiracy under the Espionage Law, along with Victor Berger, Irwin St. John Tucker, J. Louis Engdahl, and William F. Kruse. Although convicted and sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment, the decision was later reversed. He continued to be active in the Socialist Party until 1932, when he became disenchanted by splits in the socialist ranks. After this he became a staunch Roosevelt supporter. Germer also maintained close friendships with various political figures such as Frank Murphy, governor of Michigan and later Supreme Court justice; Wayne Morse, senator from Oregon; and Paul Douglas, senator from Illinois.
Germer's chief genius seems to have been as an organizer, and he often played “behind the scenes.” It was seldom that his role achieved national publicity, but in a rare instance the St. Louis Post-Dispatch editorial of January 24, 1937, pictured Germer as the moving force in the unionization of the automobile industry: “Back of Homer Martin, youthful president of the United Automobile Workers of America, stands the rugged figure of Adolph Germer, an active participant in the battles of labor for decades and now one of the field marshals in the industrial army commanded by John L, Lewis, creator of the Committee for Industrial Organization,” It is probable that Germer played a major role in the widespread adoption of the “sit-down strike” as a useful strategy in the industrial conflicts of the 1930's. (Rose Pesotta once addressed him as "“Adolph, of the sit-down fame”). By his own claim, it was he who first got Walter Reuther started in union activity (see Germer's letter of April 11, 1946, to J.A. Phillips).
Adolph Germer was once introduced to a meeting as “Mister CIO himself.” Although already 54 years old when the CIO was formed, he served that organization during the whole of its existence as a separate entity. From the time of its formation in 1935, through its expulsion from the AFL in 1936, and until its reunion with the AFL in 1955, Germer devoted himself to the work of the CIO with the zeal of a missionary. He almost lived on a train as he traveled about on his various assignments, Little known outside the labor movement, Germer's influence and importance to labor history have extended beyond. While many of his peers strove for positions of national prominence, he chose to describe himself as “never a big shot but always a rank and filer.” (Germer's name does not even appear in Who's Who in Labor. The unanswered questionnaire from the editors still remains with his papers.)
To completely catalogue Germer's activities, even briefly, would require more space than is here available. The researcher is directed to the chronological table and the description of the collection which follow, as well as to the folder of biographical material (Folder 3, Box 15).
Chronology
| 1881, January 15 |
Born in Germany.
|
| 1888, December 2 |
Landed in United States with parents; attended school in Braceville, Illinois.
|
| 1892 |
Went to work in mines in Staunton, Illinois.
|
| 1894 |
Participated in first strike with UMWA, was blacklisted with father and moved to Mt. Olive, Illinois. Continued to work in mines for 13 years, holding various offices in the local union.
|
| 1900 |
Joined Socialist Party, held positions on the National Committee and the National Executive Committee.
|
| 1907, April |
Elected sub-district vice-president in Illinois Belleville District of the UMWA.
|
| 1908, April - 1912 |
Secretary-treasurer of Belleville District, UMWA.
|
| 1911 |
Edited (?) the Alarm, a small pro-labor publication.
|
| 1912 |
Elected by International Miners' Convention to be one of two U.S. delegates to World Miner's Congress in Amsterdam.
|
| 1912 |
Ran for office in Illinois legislature.
|
| 1912-1914 |
Appointed as UMWA international organizer, assigned to Colorado; participated in first five months of Colorado miners' strike.
|
| 1914 |
Elected District vice-president of Illinois USA.
|
| 1916-1919 |
Elected national secretary of the Socialist Party.
|
| 1918 |
“Chicago Socialists” trial.
|
| 1919 |
Sent to California by Socialist Party to straighten out troubles with the newly organized Communist Labor Party.
|
| 1920-1921 |
Socialist Party organizer for Manhattan area in New York.
|
| 1921, December - 1922 |
State secretary for Socialist Party of Massachusetts.
|
| 1922 |
Sent to California as organizer for International Union of Oil Field, Gas Welland Refinery Workers - AFL.
|
| 1925 |
Returned to Mount Olive, Illinois.
|
| 1926-1930 |
Moved to Chicago, worked for Krann and Dato, a large real estate firm.
|
| 1930 |
Elected vice-president of the Reorganized United Mine Workers of America.
|
| 1931 |
Returned to Mount Olive and worked as a miner until the mine closed down.
|
| 1931, June - 1933, December |
Editor of Rockford Labor News.
|
| 1934 - 1935, May 27 |
Labor representative on the National Recovery Administration Regional Compliance Council for Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, and Missouri.
|
| 1935, November |
Appointed by John L. Lewis as first field representative for the Committee for Industrial 0rganization; participated in auto and rubber organizing campaigns and strikes, 1935-1937.
|
| 1937, June - 1939, November |
Director of Detroit Regional Office.
|
| 1938-1939 |
Elected president of Michigan State Industrial Union Council.
|
| 1939, December - 1940 |
Regional Director for New York.
|
| 1940-1944 |
Director of Organization, International Woodworkers of America.
|
| 1943 |
Named CIO director for the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States.
|
| 1944 |
Named CIO National Representative for the West (including all states west of the Mississippi).
|
| 1946-1947 |
In Paris as Assistant Secretary-General of the World Federation of Trade Unions in charge of colonial affairs.
|
| 1947 |
Returned to U.S., resumed responsibilities as National Representative for the West; continued to act as a trouble-shooter for the CIO (especially in areas such as California, Michigan, and the Northwest where Communist influence threatened to disrupt democratic unionism).
|
| 1955, April 1 |
Officially retired from the CIO, but continued to serve on special assignments.
|
Scope and Content Note
The correspondence, in chronological order, contains very little of a purely personal nature, and is almost all related to labor in one way or another--perhaps because Germer had very little personal life apart from his life as a labor leader. Reports, resolutions, minutes of meetings, memoranda, press releases, and certain mimeographed material were included when they appeared to be closely related to the correspondence. There are some gaps in the collection, especially for the periods prior to and after the 19401s--possibly due to Germer's nomadic existence.
The remainder of the collection is divided into speeches, personal material (biographical, financial, and miscellaneous memorabilia, etc.), material related to Germer's labor activities, and clippings. Material relating to particular unions, and of sufficient quantity or importance to warrant a separate folder, has been placed in alphabetical order by union. Generally speaking, there is typed and mimeographed material, and a smaller quantity of printed matter, comprising financial, legal, and organizational matters: financial reports, legal briefs, and propaganda, clippings, notices of meetings, organizational speeches and radio programs, ephemera, pamphlets, etc., illustrating organizational techniques, Most of the material is related either specifically to Germer's activities as an organizer in different unions, or generally to unions or territories for which he was responsible.
Socialist Material
One of the outstanding features of the collection is a substantial quantity of letters exchanged with many prominent socialists of an earlier period. The best example is Eugene Debs. The collection contains over 30 letters and telegrams written by Debs between 1901 and 1913, together with Germer's replies. This correspondence with Eugene Debs is supplemented by letters exchanged with Theodore Debs, Eugene's brother, and by later letters written by Germer and others reminiscing about their experiences with Debs. See especially the correspondence exchanged with Samuel M. Castleton and George D. Brewer.
Germer corresponded with many other socialists (see the correspondence list in the appendix for details). Of these, the correspondence with Robert Hunter, Marx Lewis, James O'Neal, and Ernest Untermann is the most extensive. Their letters refer frequently to their views on socialism, current events, and their various writings. Several later letters of Germer reminisce about events in the Socialist Party between 1912 and 1920. Of particular interest are the letters exchanged between Germer and Professor David Shannon in 1950, when the latter was preparing his dissertation on, the history of the Socialist Party.
Labor Material
The bulk of the collection is directly related to labor unions and labor history. Many unions are represented in the collection, but we will mention here only those with which Germer was most closely associated: the United Mine Workers of America; the United Rubber Workers; the United Auto Workers; the International Woodworkers; and the CIO in general. Brief mention will also be made of material relating to the international labor movement.
UMWA: Germer seems to been particularly careful to preserve material relating to the United Mine Workers and other miners' movements, Of especial interest is material relating to the Colorado mine strike of 1913-1914, to John L. Lewis, and to the dual United Mine Workers organization formed in opposition to John L. Lewis in Illinois and Kansas (c. 1929-1931). Except for correspondence with Lewis, the bulk of the material relating to the United Mine Workers falls within the period 1907-1933. However, later correspondence and other material also refer to the UMW and to Lewis: Germer's letter of [July?), 1942, gives a detailed description of. the Colorado mine strike and the Ludlow Massacre; a series of letters written March-May, 1953, pertains to the role of MacKenzie King in originating the company union plan introduced by the Rockefeller interests in Colorado following the 1913-1914 strike; several documents relate to the financial liaisons between Lewis (UMWA) and the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company (UMWA folder); a number of letters of Duncan McDonald (1948) and James Lord (1951) relate their versions of the early days of Lewis' struggle for power within the UMWA.
URWA, UAW: The United Rubber Workers and the United Auto Workers are also well represented in the collection. Germer was instrumental in the early organization of these unions and helped to direct many of the strikes (e.g. Goodyear, General Motors, Chrysler, Bendix). The material relating to these unions dates primarily from the years 1935-1939, and consists of correspondence with URWA, UAW, and CIO leaders (see list in the appendix), and organizational material see URWA Folder, number 59, Box 23; and UAW Folder, number 36, Box 20). There is also later correspondence with leaders of these unions, and a slight amount of material relating to the UAW strikes at Allis Chalmers in 1945-1946 and at Kohler in the 1950's.
IWA: The International Woodworkers are represented by a larger bulk of material in the collection than any other single union. Germer was Director of 0rganization for this union from 1940 to 1944, and again during the late 1940's and early 19501s. Much of the material is related to the struggle between the communist and "right wing" factions within the Woodworkers, and between the IWA and the AFL Carpenters union. The center of the organizing drive of the IWA was in the Pacific Northwest, but there are scattered references to the South and the difficulties experienced by organizers in this area. The correspondence for 1943-1944 contains some interesting letters relating to cases of violation of the civil rights of union organizers in the South. The collection contains only scattered references to the IWA in Wisconsin.
CIO: It would be impossible to list completely the CIO officers and top union officials with whom Germer corresponded. He received extensive reports and other correspondence from regional directors and union officials in most of the states for which he was responsible, but especially Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, Colorado, Utah, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, and Michigan. Some of the problems brought up in the correspondence include the Longshoremen's strike at Montgomery Ward in 1944, the Packinghouse Workers' strikes in 1948, the attempt to organize telephone workers into a single national union under the CIO, 1917-1948, and many others. Some of the problems which Germer was assigned to handle personally include communist attempts to dominate industrial union councils in Detroit and Los Angeles in 1948 and 1949, various disputes Within the IWA, a dispute between the IWA and the Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers in 1949, etc. Material other than correspondence dealing with general CIO matters (Folders 18-25, Boxes 17 and 18) includes several folders of mimeographed resolutions and reports of national conventions and executive committee meetings, wage research material (1945), resolutions expelling communist-dominated unions from the CIO (1949-1950)0 and material relating to the AFL-CIO merger (1955). Other folders (26-31, Boxes 18-19) relate more directly to Germer's interests and activities as regional, director for Michigan (1938-1939) and New York (1940), and as National Representative for the West (1943-1955).
WFTUI, IGFTU (and other international labor material): The collection contains scattered references to various international labor leaders and organizations. A small amount of material dates from Germer's 1912 trip to the International Miners Congress in Amsterdam (the UMWA folder contains a scarce copy of the Report made by the UNWA delegation). Only a relatively small amount of correspondence remains from the period of Germer's appointment as assistant secretary-general of the World Federation of Trade Unions. However the collection does include (with correspondence) minutes of some meetings of the secretariat, and material relating to the 1947 Dakar Pan-African Conference (later referred to by Germer as a “communist chataqua,” of which Germer was chairman. Later correspondence with such men as Walter Schevenels, Arthur Deakin, Hugh Chevins, and Albert Carthy, also refers to the World Federation of Trade Unions, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and other topics pertaining to international labor matters.
Administrative/Restriction Information
Presented by Mr. and Mrs. Adolph Germer, Rockford, Illinois, 1965 and 1967.
Processed by Emilie Al-Khazraji, May 31, 1967.
Contents List
|
Series: Correspondence
|
|
|
Box
1
|
1901-1932
|
|
|
Box
2
|
1933-1935
|
|
|
Box
3
|
1936-1938
|
|
|
Box
4
|
, 1939-1940
|
|
|
Box
5
|
1941-1942, Sept.
|
|
|
Box
6
|
1942, Oct. - 1944, June
|
|
|
Box
7
|
1944, July - 1945, June
|
|
|
Box
8
|
1945, July - 1946, May
|
|
|
Box
9
|
1946, June - 1948, March
|
|
|
Box
10
|
1948, April-Dec.
|
|
|
Box
11
|
1949-1950, June
|
|
|
Box
12
|
1950, July - 1953
|
|
|
Box
13
|
1954-1958
|
|
|
Box
14
|
1959-1964, 1966, undated
|
|
|
Box
15
Folder
1-2
|
Series: Speeches, 1914?, 1933-circa 1954?
|
|
|
Series: Personal Material re Germer
|
|
|
Box
15
Folder
3
|
Biographical, 1931-1956
: Of particular interest is a transcript of a tape recording made by Germer for Wayne State University in 1962. The content is largely autobiographical covering primarily Germer's earlier years as a coal miner and union organizer.
|
|
|
Box
15
Folder
4
|
Chicago Socialists trial, 1918
|
|
|
Box
24-26
Volume
1-28
|
Diaries, 1930-1958
|
|
|
Box
15
Folder
5
|
Financial, unsorted
|
|
|
Box
15
Folder
6
|
Memorabilia from European trip, 1946-1947
|
|
|
Box
15
Folder
7
|
Miscellaneous, unsorted
|
|
|
Series: Labor
|
|
|
General
|
|
|
Box
16
Folder
8
|
Miscellaneous union and labor material, 1930-1958
|
|
|
Rockford, Ill.
|
|
|
Box
16
Folder
9
|
Miscellaneous, 1931-1936
|
|
|
Box
16
Folder
10
|
Rockford Labor News, 1932-1934
|
|
|
Box
16
Folder
11
|
National Lock Company (strike, 1933), 1933-1935
|
|
|
National Recovery Administration
|
|
|
Box
16
Folder
12
|
Miscellaneous, 1933-1935
|
|
|
Box
16
Folder
13
|
Notes on Cases, 1935, Feb. - May
|
|
|
Political
|
|
|
Box
17
Folder
14
|
Political Action Committee and Miscellaneous, 1936-1956
|
|
|
Box
17
Folder
15
|
Proposed State Legislation, 1930s?
|
|
|
Box
17
Folder
16
|
Public Power - MVA, TVA, etc., 1943-1954
|
|
|
Box
17
Folder
17
|
Wallace Propaganda, 1948
|
|
|
CIO
|
|
|
General
: Also see the package of Clippings listed below.
|
|
|
Box
17
Folder
18
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1936-1946
|
|
|
Box
18
Folder
19-25
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1949-1955
|
|
|
Box
18
Folder
26
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Michigan, 1938-1939
|
|
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Box
18
Folder
27
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New York, 1940
|
|
|
Western Region
|
|
|
Box
19
Folder
28
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Miscellaneous, 1940-1953
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|
|
Box
19
Folder
29
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Detroit, 1947-1948
|
|
|
Box
19
Folder
30
|
California, 1948-1950
|
|
|
Box
19
Folder
31
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Colorado, 1951
: See also folder 28.
|
|
|
Individual Unions (arranged alphabetically)
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|
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Box
20
Folder
32
|
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, circa 1939
|
|
|
Box
20
Folder
33
|
Federation of Flat Glass Workers, 1936-1937
|
|
|
Box
20
Folder
34
|
International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers, 1945-1949
|
|
|
Box
20
Folder
35
|
International Union of United Brewery, Flour, Cereal, and Soft Drink Workers of America, 1930s, 1946, 1952-1953?
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|
|
Box
20
Folder
36
|
International Union, United Automobile, Aircraft, and Agricultural Implement Workers, 1934-1955
|
|
|
IWA (International Woodworkers of America)
|
|
|
Box
20
Folder
37
|
General, 1937-1958, undated
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|
|
Box
21
Folder
38
|
Southern Area, 1949, 1954-1959
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|
|
Box
21
Folder
39-40
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Financial, 1940-1951
|
|
|
Box
21
Folder
41
|
Bargaining Agreements, etc., 1951-1956
|
|
|
Box
21
Folder
42
|
Hearing, 1941
|
|
|
Box
22
Folder
43-53
|
Convention reports, etc., and Executive Board Minutes, 1940-1949
|
|
|
Box
23
Folder
54
|
Mechanics Educational Society of America, 1935-1936
|
|
|
Box
23
Folder
55
|
Oil Workers International Union, 1938, 1945, 1950s
: See also letters of Feb. 18 and March 14, 1950.
|
|
|
Box
23
Folder
56
|
Telephone Workers Organizing Committee, 1946-1950
|
|
|
Box
23
Folder
57-58
|
United Mine Workers of America, 1898-1944
: Also see the package of clippings listed below.
|
|
|
Box
23
Folder
59
|
United Rubber Workers of America, 1933-1937
|
|
|
Package
1
|
Series: Clippings, 1930's-1960's
|
|
Appendix: List of Correspondents
The following is a partial list of Germer's correspondents. It is intended only as a rough guide, not an index. The papers include letters from many important labor leaders and other persons whose names do not appear on this list. Germer corresponded with officials of most of the unions mentioned elsewhere in the inventory and the shelf list, and all of the CIO regional directors within his territory.
The dates given are not exclusive; in most cases they are only approximate. If only one or two letters from a particular individual occur, the specific dates are given where possible, but other letters may be present. If more than a few letters are present, only the approximate beginning date of the correspondence is given, with a “+” to indicate that correspondence continued for a number of years; again, these dates are not intended to exclude the possibility of earlier correspondence being present.
Where correspondence is fairly extensive, the dates are followed by a double
asterisk (**).
|
Name
|
Position or Organization
|
Dates
|
| Addes, George F. |
UAW |
1936+ |
| Amerigner, Oscar |
Socialist writer |
1921, Mar. 15 |
| Amlie, Thomas R. |
U.S. Representative, Wis. |
[1936, May?) |
| Attlee, Clement |
Prime Minister of Great Britain |
1945, August 10 |
| Allard, Gerry |
Progressive Miners of America |
1932-1933 |
| Atkinson, Roy W. |
CIO Reg. Dir., Washington |
1943+ ** |
| Baldwin, Roger Nash |
American Civil Liberties Union |
1936-1937, 1943 |
| Ballard, Claude |
IWA |
1940'S |
| Beardsley, Samuel |
Socialist |
1932, Dec. 21, 27 |
| Berkman, Alexander |
Socialist |
1917, Sept. 13, Nov. |
| Berry, George Leonard |
CIO, Labor's Non-Partisan League |
1936 |
| Black, Hugo L. |
U.S. Supreme Court |
1937, 0ct. 30 |
| Bonacci, Frank |
CIO Reg. Dir., Utah |
1944+ ** |
| Borah, William E. |
U.S. Senator, Idaho |
1922, Dec. 6 |
| Boyce, Edward |
Western Federation of Miners (1st Pres.) |
1940+ |
| Brewer, George D. |
Socialist, friend of Debs |
1958 |
| Bridges, Harry |
ILWU |
1948, Feb. - Mar. |
| Brophy, John |
CIO Director of Industrial Union Councils |
1936+ ** |
| Buckmaster, Leland Stanford |
URWA |
1940's, 1950's |
| Burns, Thomas F. |
URWA |
1936 |
| Carthy, Albert |
Great Britain, Trades Union Congress |
1947+ |
| Castleton, Samuel M. |
Socialist, attorney, author |
1945-1946 |
| Chevins, Hugh |
Labor writer, London Daily Telegraph |
1947+ |
| Citrine, Walter |
Great Britain, Trades Union Congress |
1936, Nov. 12 |
| Coleman, William |
Secretary, Socialist Party of Milwaukee |
1931, Jul. 7 |
| Cowherd, Yelverton |
CIO Reg. Dir., Alabama |
1941+ |
| Cronin, Frank |
CIO Reg. Dir., Nebraska |
1945+ ** |
| Curran, Joseph |
NMUA |
1943, April |
| Dalrymple, Sherman H. |
URWA |
1936+ |
| Daniels, Josephus |
Ed., Raleigh, N.C., News and Observer |
1925, May 22 |
| Darrow, Clarence |
Lawyer and social reformer (see also correspondence with Irving Stone) |
1913, March 10; (1913?), December |
| Davidson, Robert J. |
USA, UREA, CIO Reg. Dir. Wis., Minn., N.D., S.D. |
1940+ |
| Davis, William H. |
National War Labor Board |
1944, Feb. 16 |
| Deakin, Arthur |
WFTU, Great Britain Transport & General Workers Union |
1948+ |
| Debs, Eugene Victor |
Socialist |
1901, Mar. 8 - 1913, June ** |
| Debs, Theodore |
Socialist (brother of Eugene) |
1904+ ** |
| Dillon, F. J. |
UAW |
1936+ |
| Douglas, Paul H. |
U.S. Senator, Illinois |
c. 1945+ (brief notes) |
| Earl, Stanley W. |
CIO, IWA, ECA, Amer. Mission in Korea |
1950+ |
| Eby, Kermit |
Professor, CIO Research Director |
1944, 1945 |
| Edmundson, Ray |
UMWA |
1930's+ |
| Eisenhower, Dwight D. |
Pres. of Columbia Univ., U.S. Pres. |
1950, Sept. 16 (copy of Memo re Columbia Univ. Conference Plan) |
| Evjue, William T. |
Ed., Madison, Wis. Capital Times |
1951, July 27 |
| Farrington, Frank |
UMWA |
1913+ (esp. 1930's - see also folder 57) |
| Ferguson, Homer |
U.S. Senator, Michigan |
1950, May 12 |
| Fishwick, Harry |
UMWA |
1929, 1930'S |
| Flynn, Timothy |
CIO Reg. Dir., Northern Calif. |
1948+ |
| Forrestal, James |
Secretary of the Navy |
1940, Dec. 7 |
| Francis, Richard |
CI0 Reg. Dir., Washington |
1940+ |
| Fremming, Harvey Clausen |
OWIU, IWA, CIO organizer |
1930's+ (esp. 1940-1942, about 100-150 letters from Fremming own correspondence)** |
| Fries, Frank W. |
U.S. Representative, Illinois |
1940 |
| Fulton, Fullerton |
CIO Reg. Dir., Minnesota |
1940's+ |
| Gerber, Julius |
Socialist |
1936, Aug. 21; 1951, May 28 |
| Glenn, 0tis F. |
U.S. Senator, Illinois |
1932 |
| Golden, Clinton S. |
USA, Amer. Mission for Aid to Greece and ECA Economic Advisor |
1947, 1948 |
| Goldman, Emma |
Anarchist, writer & editor |
1919, Aug. 12; 1928, (Feb.?) 6 |
| Green, William |
President, AFL |
1909+** |
| Grillo, Frank |
URWA |
1936+ |
| Grossman, Charles |
Socialist |
1945, May 16; 1958, Sept. 16 |
| Hapgood, Powers |
CIO organizer |
1930-1931 |
| Hardesty, A. R. |
CIO organizer |
1942+ |
| Hardie, J. Keir |
British Socialist |
1913, Feb. |
| Hartung, A.F. |
CIO Reg. Dir., Oregon |
1940's |
| Hawkins, Horace N. |
Labor lawyer |
1914, March 18 (re Mother Jones) |
| Hayes, Frank |
UMWA |
1912+ (esp. 1918) |
| Haywood, Allan S. |
CIO Vice-Pres. & Dir. of Organization |
1931+ (esp. 1940's)* |
| Haywood, William D. |
Socialist, Western Fed. of Miners |
1906+** |
| Hillman, Sidney |
ACWA, PAC |
1936, 1940's |
| Hillquit, Morris |
Socialist, lawyer |
1929, Oct. 30; 1931, Feb. 11; 1930, Dec. 2; 1932, Sept. 15 |
| Hoan, Daniel W. |
Socialist, Mayor of Milwaukee |
1932, Jan. 6, Jan. 26, Mar. 17, May 27, July 11; 1933, Jan. 17 (encl. in 1933, Jan. 18) |
| Hoffman, Harold G. |
Governor of New Jersey |
1936, Jan. 20 |
| Howat, Alexander |
Pres., Reorganized UMWA |
1930-1931 (About 50-100 letters from Howat's own correspondence as Pres. of the dual union) |
| Hunter, Robert |
Socialist, writer |
1910-1912, 1940's** |
| Jarrard, John W. |
UMWA |
1913, 1925, 1929 |
| Jensen, Vernon |
Professor of labor hist., author |
1940's, 1950's** |
| Kennedy, John F. |
U.S. Pres. |
1956, Sept. 18 |
| Kennedy, Thomas |
UMWA |
1913+ |
| King, Judson |
Writer & lecturer |
1948, Aug. 12 & 17 |
| Korngold, Ralph |
Historian, writer |
1931+ |
| Krzycki, Leo |
Socialist, labor leader |
1930's |
| La Follette, Robert M., Jr. |
U.S. Senator, Wis. |
1932, June 17 |
| Leonard, Richard |
UAW |
1938+ ** |
| Lewis, John L. |
UMWA |
1931+ ** |
| Lewis, Marx |
Socialist, lawyer, AFL |
1932+ |
| Lewis, Thomas L. |
UMWA |
1907+ ** |
| Livoda, Michael |
CIO Reg. Dir., Colorado, IWA, UMWA |
1940's+ ** |
| Lord, James |
UMWA |
1951 |
| McCarthy, Joseph R. |
U.S. Senator, Wis. |
1950's (corres. about) |
| McDonald, Duncan |
UMWA |
1917+ |
| McNamara, John J. |
Defendant in famous Los Angeles Times dynamite case |
1911, Nov. 20 |
| Martin, Homer |
UAW |
1936+ |
| Mason, Lucy Randolph |
CIO Public Relations Rep. |
1943-1944 |
| Maurer, James |
Socialist |
1930's |
| Meany, George |
Pres., AFL-CIO |
1956, Sept. 14 |
| Michel, F.J. |
CIO Reg. Dir., Wis. |
1945, June 15 |
| Morse, Wayne |
U.S. Senator, Oregon |
1943+ ** |
| Murphy, Frank |
Gov. of Michigan, Supreme Court |
1939+ |
| Murray, Philip |
Pres., CIO, USA |
1936+ ** |
| Muste, A.J. |
Socialist, Brookwood Labor College |
1930-1931 |
| Nesbit, Walter |
U.S. Representative, Illinois, UMWA |
1933-1934 (esp. 1934, March - large quantity of constituent mail re Wagner Bill and other labor legis.)** |
| Neuberger, Richard L. |
U.S. Senator, Oregon |
1957, Mar. 12 |
| Olson, Culbert L. |
Governor, California |
1942, Oct. 1 |
| O'Neal, James |
Socialist writer |
1931+ ** |
| Patton, James G. |
President, NFU |
1942, Aug. |
| Pepper, Claude |
U.S. Senator, Florida |
1944, July 29 |
| Pesotta, Rose |
ILGWU-AFL, labor writer |
1945, July-Aug. |
| Phillips, James A. |
Order of Railway Conductors of Am., Pres. |
1914+ (esp. 1940's)** |
| Reuther, Walter P. |
Pres., UAW, CIO; Vice-Pres., AFL-CIO |
1947+ |
| Riffe, John V. |
Vice-Pres., CIO |
1953+ |
| Robeson, Paul |
Singer, Communist |
1943, Dec. 9 |
| Robinson, Reid |
IUMMSWA |
1944+ |
| Roewer, George |
Socialist, friend of Debs, lawyer |
1937+ |
| Schevenels, Walter |
WFTU, ICFTU |
1948+** |
| Steelman, John R. |
U.S. Conciliation Service |
1942+ |
| Shannon, David |
U.W. History professor |
1950, July 9, Aug. 1 |
| Senior, Clarence |
Socialist |
1932, July 30; 1934, Sept. 12 |
| Sinclair, Upton |
Socialist Author |
1925, Oct. 10, 27 |
| Stone, Irving |
Author |
1942, Jan. 11; 1944, Oct. 18, Dec. 21 |
| Thomas, Norman |
Socialist |
1930, May 13 |
| Thomas, R.J. |
UAW |
1940+ |
| Untermann, Ernest |
Socialist writer (tr. 3rd vol. of Das Kapital), artist |
1940's, 1950's** |
| Uphaus, Willard |
National Religion and Labor Foundation |
1942+ |
| Volk, Herman |
Socialist |
1944+ |
| Voorhis, Jerry |
U.S. Rep., Calif. |
1939, 1940 |
| Walker, John H. |
UMWA, Pres. of dual union |
1913+ (esp. 1930-1932)** |
| Wallace, Henry A. |
U.S. Vice-Pres. |
1944, Feb. 23, Aug. 9 |
| Walsh, Frank P. |
Industrial Relations Commission |
1915, June 13 |
| Warren, Fred D. |
Ed., American Freeman |
1913, 1931 |
| White, John P. |
UMWA |
1912-1913** |
| Wilson, James A. |
International Labor Organization |
1938+ |
| Zeidler, Frank P. |
Socialist, Mayor of Milwaukee |
1955 |
|
