Title: Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners of the Americas Records
Inclusive Dates: 1964-1985

Creator:

• Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners of the Americas

Call Number: Mss 723; PH Mss 723

Quantity: 5.2 c.f. (4 record center cartons and 3 archives boxes) and 65 photographs

Repository:

Wisconsin Historical Society, Division of Library, Archives, and Museum Collections

Archival Locations:

COLLECTION MAY BE STORED OFF-SITE: see catalog entry to request materials and for additional information.

Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)

Abstract:

Records of a private organization created under the auspices of the Alliance for Progress in 1965 in order to coordinate “people-to-people” assistance projects between the citizens of Wisconsin and Nicaragua. Included are incorporation materials; minutes of meetings; reports on donations, projects, and finances; correspondence between members of the Wisconsin and Nicaraguan Partners, the National Association of the Partners of the Americas (formerly the Partners of the Alliance), the State Department, and other federal and state government agencies; narrative reports penned by travelers between the two countries; information on various agricultural, educational, health, and rural development projects and on earthquake relief efforts; information and guidelines disseminated by NAPA; and clippings, news releases, and brochures. The news clippings principally reflect U.S. and some Nicaraguan media coverage of the social and political conditions under the Somoza/Sandinista regimes and reports on the Partners' work in that context. The photographs primarily document the 1969 and 1973 visits of Wisconsin Governors Warren Knowles and Patrick Lucey to Nicaragua and the damage caused by the December 1972 earthquake in Managua.

Language: English, Spanish

URL to cite for this finding aid: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-mss00723

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The Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners of the Americas (WNPA), a private organization fostering direct contacts between the people of Wisconsin and Nicaragua, was formed in 1965. In April 1964 the partnership was suggested to state officials by James Boren of the National Association of the Partners of the Americas (NAPA), which sponsored such relationships in connection with the Alliance for Progress and the State Department's Agency for International Development. An association already existed, Boren explained, because Wisconsin's rural electric cooperatives had been involved in Nicaragua. However, other technical services were needed, particularly in the areas of health care, agriculture, education, and rural development, in which Wisconsin was uniquely qualified to assist. Furthermore, it was felt such direct “people to people” relationships could be effective in countering the spread of Communism in Latin America. Potential partner countries had been screened to ensure stability to spare the State Department and U.S. partners potential embarrassment. A telling point in favor of the selection of Nicaragua as a partner was the fact that the Bay of Pigs invasion had been launched from there.

The procedure for establishing a partnership consisted of a formal exchange of letters between the governor and president, to be followed by a meeting of Wisconsin groups to approve the partnership plan and a visit to Nicaragua by a survey team to assess the country's needs. Such an agreement was struck between Governor John Reynolds and President René Shick Gutierrez in the summer of 1964. Although a survey team prepared to visit Nicaragua, the trip was postponed after Reynolds' loss to Warren Knowles in the fall election.

In February 1965 Knowles and several dozen leaders from the Wisconsin business community, the University, state government, and various private organizations met with NAPA representatives, and the Wisconsin Partners of the Alliance Committee was formed. Three months later a five-person survey team traveled to Nicaragua to view conditions and develop project proposals. In July 1965 articles of incorporation were drawn up and the by-laws adopted. A parallel partnership organization was formed in Nicaragua under Dr. José Antonio Cantón, a physician in the Ministry of Health.

The Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners was organized as a non-profit, voluntary organization governed by a board of directors. An executive committee selected from the board met weekly or biweekly to make administrative and policy decisions. Despite its status as a private organization, from its inception the Partners drew heavily from the personnel and resources of state government and the University of Wisconsin.

Initially, the Partners focussed on health care, agricultural assistance, and education among the rural population of Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast which consisted of English-speaking Moravians of Miskito Indian and African origin. This was due in large part to the involvement of Dr. Ned Wallace of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Philip N. Falk of the Madison Public Schools in the formative period of the partnership. Others active in this phase included William V. Thomas (first president of the WNPA, 1965-1966) and Eugene Clifford, both of the Wisconsin Rural Electric Cooperative; media specialist Walter H. Brovald; contractor Lester Rogers, president 1967-1968; Dean Leroy E. Luberg, secretary of the board, 1972-1982; Hugh Highsmith, chairman of the Partner Cities Committee until 1978; Dr. Henry A. Peters of the University of Wisconsin Medical School and president, 1968-1980; agricultural leader Wilbur N. Renk; Reza Rezazadeh, political scientist at UW-Platteville; and William Strange of the University of Wisconsin School of Business.

One of the earliest and most successful of the Partners' programs involved the exchange of visitors. Wisconsinites carried medical equipment, clothing, books, and other donations to Nicaragua, while Nicaraguans came to Wisconsin for training or to attend school.

Among the committees that developed programs in the 1960s and 1970s were those on health and nutrition, agriculture and rural development, education, sports, cultural exchange, rehabilitation, rural development, and partner cities. The first major test of the partnership occurred in September 1971 when within ten days, two hurricanes struck Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast. Aid in the amount of 30,000 pounds of food and supplies and more than $3000 in donations arrived from Wisconsin. Fifteen months later an earthquake leveled much of Managua, leaving 10,000 dead and 500,000 homeless. Material and financial aid totaling more than $250,000 was collected in Wisconsin.

While such catastrophes occupied the headlines, the Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners continued their projects among the rural population. A rural health project was underway in eastern Nicaragua by 1971 under the auspices of the University Medical School and the Midwestern University Consortium for International Activities (MUCIA). By the mid-1970s, University medical students could elect to spend a portion of their fourth year in Nicaraguan clinics. In July 1976 CENDER (Centro Para Desarrollo Regional), a centralized organization for coordinating health programs in eastern Nicaragua, was established under Ned Wallace and later in the year a $375,000 AID grant was obtained to fund CENDER. The following year a regional educational radio station (Radio VER) went on the air, broadcasting in Spanish, Miskito and English.

In the late 1970s the Partners' growing concern about political conditions in Nicaragua caused them to formulate an explicitly non-political statement of their aims. In April 1978 the Partners obtained an exemption of duties and custom taxes from President Somoza, and in the following month they began to develop cultural exchange programs. At the same time they began to question the appropriateness of their programs in light of conditions in Nicaragua. Late in 1978 the status of the AID grants were questioned due to the political situation, and by early 1979 concern for the safety of U.S. citizens effectively halted travel. In February 1979 the Peace Corps was withdrawn, leaving several Partners projects unfinished and the AID mission barely staffed. By mid-1979, Partners activities in Nicaragua were at a standstill.

By June 1979 the Partners were receiving first-hand reports of Somoza's impending defeat at the hands of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). In July they created a Task Force on Relief and Development, and in August a survey team visited Nicaragua. Although the country was ravaged by the civil war and burdened by foreign debt, the team was impressed by the level of activity, caliber and democratic orientation of the newly appointed government officials. Once again the citizens of Wisconsin responded with contributions of money and material assistance.In the following years official relations between the two nations cooled, but the Partners attempted to maintain cordial relations with the Sandinista government. An AID-funded omnibus program grant was obtained in June 1980 to continue CENDER projects; in 1981 a cooperative program between the University of Wisconsin-River Falls School of Agriculture and the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) was initiated and a delegation of Nicaraguan businessmen toured Wisconsin. However, the Executive Committee grew increasingly concerned about the future of the organization and the AID programs, and a number of partner cities suggested discontinuance of their relationship.

In his November 1981 travel report, Board member Steve Heinzen referred to the public relations challenge faced by the organization, at a time when U.S. media echoed the Reagan administration's claims that Nicaragua was teeming with Marxists, by stating, “The Partner Cities were not Somozan in 1964 when the Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partnership started! The Partner Cities are not Communist simply because the FSLN has taken control of the federal government.”

Student and professional exchanges continued in 1982, but relations were strained when Partners access to the east coast was restricted and the government began to broadcast its own programs on Radio VER. Nicaraguans associated with CENDER were questioned and subjected to harassment owing to the Sandinista government's suspicion of the WNPA (which had maintained friendly relations with the Somoza government) and of the population on the east coast in particular (a hotbed of Contras activity). Caught between the increasing hostility of the U.S. government toward the Sandinistas and reduced funding, by 1983 the Wisconsin-Nicaragua partnership had returned to the small-scale projects that had characterized its early years.

Nevertheless, both 1983 and 1984 saw efforts to reactivate the partner city alliances, several of which had been dormant since 1979. In June 1983, Janesville and León renewed their ties, followed by Racine-Bluefields in the spring of 1984. By then, WNPA members numbered 125, more than twice as many as the previous year. Administration, fund-raising and publicity efforts were facilitated when the Partners hired project assistant Mary Fowler in March 1982 and full-time coordinator Peter Thornquist in January 1983. The AID granted NAPA a three-year, $600,000 grant in October of that year for Central American programs and WNPA hoped to channel a portion of this aid through already existing programs such as Women in Development and P.A.T.H. (Partners Appropriate Technology for the Handicapped).

In the fall of 1983, Wisconsin's Secretary of State Doug LaFollette toured the sewing co-ops, clinics and other Partners projects in the Managua area. However, his support went to the Wisconsin Coordinating Council on Nicaragua (WCCN), a group that was founded in 1984 by a group of community leaders who wanted to promote the sister state relationship while remaining free to voice criticism of the U.S.-sponsored Contras war in Nicaragua. The WNPA's articles of incorporation discouraged opposition to U.S. foreign policy, stating that “no substantial part of the activities of this corporation shall consist of carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation”. By the fall of 1984, tensions between the two groups had reached a head as the WNPA tried to disassociate itself from the WCCN feeling that the WCCN was claiming credit for the Partners' longstanding efforts.

Although a relatively small collection, the records of the Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners of the Americas (WNPA) provide an illuminating perspective on the transformation of U.S. relations with Latin America from the Kennedy idealism of the 1960s to the conservatism of the 1980s. Particularly for the early 1980s, Wisconsin's connection with Nicaragua forms an interesting footnote to the deteriorating national relations. The collection documents the activities of teachers, doctors, farmers, businessmen, civil servants, homemakers, students, and others who contributed their time and skills to enrich and improve the lives of participants in both countries. However, the primary emphasis on the collection is on the administrative functioning of the organization rather than on the assistance projects themselves.

The collection, a small portion of which is only in Spanish, spans the period 1964 to 1985. It is arranged into functional categories consisting of CORPORATE DOCUMENTS, MINUTES, CORRESPONDENCE, TRAVEL RECORDS, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PARTNERS OF THE AMERICAS (NAPA) materials, PUBLICITY AND NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, COMMITTEE FILES, and SUBJECT FILES. Within each category, files are primarily arranged in chronological order, with the exception of the subject files, which are arranged alphabetically.

The CORPORATE DOCUMENTS series include the original articles of incorporation; by-laws; an organization chart; information on the WNPA's registration with a variety of authorities as a private/duty-free/income tax-exempt organization; periodical reports on activities (1975-1983) and aid to Nicaragua (1964-1977); Board of Directors, WNPA, and NAPA membership lists; and financial reports (1967-1984).

The MINUTES series consist of proceedings of quarterly and annual meetings of the thirty-member Board of Directors (incomplete from 1965 through 1983) and the biweekly meetings of the fifteen-member Executive Committee (intermittent from 1966 to 1974 and virtually complete from 1975 to 1985).

The CORRESPONDENCE series encompasses communications between the Wisconsin Partners and their Nicaraguan counterparts, the State Department, U.S. AID, the Wisconsin congressional delegation, and various state and federal officials. Letters of note include a 1982 telex inviting the Sandinista junta to the NAPA's annual meeting and an August 1, 1984 plea to congressman Toby Roth urging him to endorse a House resolution that would urge the President to restore U.S. funding for private and voluntary organizations involved in development assistance in Nicaragua.

The TRAVEL RECORDS series contain travel requests and report forms authorized by NAPA to document the purposes and extent of partner-sponsored travel between Wisconsin and Nicaragua. The report forms, which frequently include extended narratives, primarily document such contacts through 1981, though a handful of less standardized reports are available from 1982-1985. These reports cover the activity of each trip (cities/projects visited, etc.), an evaluation of the current economic and political situation, and suggestions for future action. The folders on visitors to Wisconsin generally include information of a more logistical nature, such as daily schedules.

The NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PARTNERS OF THE AMERICAS series (formerly the Partners of the Alliance) includes by-laws, financial reports, directories of officers, guidelines, announcements, and other communications sent to the Wisconsin organization from the national headquarters in Washington, D.C.

The PUBLICITY AND NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS series reflect mainly U.S. and some Nicaraguan media coverage of the social and political conditions under the Somoza/Sandinista regimes, bilateral relations and the Partners' activities. News releases from the Nicaraguan Government Information Service give the Somoza government's interpretation of events between 1975 and 1979. Publicity materials include public relations/communications guidelines pertaining to fund-raising and recruiting volunteers; press releases (1965-1982); a few WNPA and NAPA brochures; and issues of the biweekly Noticias bulletin (1983-1984) written by Coordinator/Executive Director Peter Thornquist, which summarized current activity in the office for the Executive Committee members. Bound copies of the more widely circulated Partners of the Americas (NAPA) and Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners newsletters are available at UW-Madison's Memorial Library.

The COMMITTEE RECORDS series document activities and projects in the areas of partner cities, education, agriculture and rural development, health and nutrition, CENDER, sports, cultural exchange, as well as miscellaneous projects and task forces. Most extensively documented are the CENDER projects, although none of these files contain the records of the projects themselves. The miscellaneous category includes a list (and some photographs) of equipment and supplies sent to Nicaragua, information on the earthquake relief efforts (and photographs of earthquake damage), Peace Corps collaborations, and other proposals.

The SUBJECT FILES series cover a range of topics, principally pertaining to specific projects, such as CENDER, Regional Educational Radio or the Rural Health Grant. Other files reveal that the WNPA monitored political issues such as the position of Nicaraguan conservative groups after the revolution; the Sandinistas' 1980 Literacy Campaign; and the emergence in 1979-1980 of U.S./Wisconsin-based solidarity groups advocating reform in Central America.

Acquisition Information

Presented by the Partners via Shirley Wisner and Virginia McGinnis, Madison, Wisconsin. Accession Number: M79-489, M82-263, M84-18, M84-150, M84-177, M87-433

Processing Information

Processed by Mark Burnette (FGH intern), 1987, and Anna Dahlstein (Practicum Sudent), 2001.

Mss 723	Series: Corporate Documents
Box   1 Folder   1	Certification of incorporation, By-laws, 1965-1971
Box   1 Folder   2	Financial reports, 1967-1982
Box   1 Folder   3	WNPA membership lists, 1965-1982
PH Mss 723 Items   1-11	Photos of Executive Committee members and others, 1969, 1972, 1978
Mss 723 Box   1 Folder   4	NAPA membership lists, 1970-1982
Box   1 Folder   5-6	Private voluntary organization status, 1976-1982
Box   1 Folder   7	Duty-free status granted by the Somoza government, 1978
	Articles of Incorporation and By-laws
Box   5 Folder   1	Original articles of incorporation filed 1965, July 22, 1970
Box   5 Folder   2-5	Revised by-laws, 1978-1984
Box   5 Folder   6	Organization chart, names of committee chairs, 1979 [?]
	Private Voluntary Organization Status
Box   5 Folder   7	Charitable organization annual reports, 1973-1977
Box   5 Folder   8	IRS returns as organization exempt from income tax, 1968-1978
Box   5 Folder   9	AID Voluntary Foreign Aid registration, 1978
	Reports on Activities
Box   5 Folder   10	Summary of contributions to Nicaragua, 1964-1977
Box   5 Folder   11	Tri-annual review to Partners of the Americas, 1977, 1980
Box   5 Folder   12	Summary of activities and projects, 1975-1977
Box   5 Folder   13-16	Summaries of activities, 1982-1983
	Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners Membership Lists
Box   5 Folder   17	Board of Directors, 1975 [?]-1982
Box   5 Folder   18	Paid members, 1980-1985
Box   5 Folder   19	Membership application (sample form), 1981
	Financial Reports
Box   5 Folder   20	Earthquake Fund reports, 1973-1977
Box   5 Folder   21-27	Annual financial reports/statements, 1973-1984
Box   5 Folder   28	OPG Grant financial matters, 1980-1984
	Series: Minutes	⇧
Box   1 Folder   8-12	Quarterly and annual membership meetings, 1965-1983
	Executive Committee
Box   1 Folder   13-23	1966-1983
Box   6 Folder   1-2	1984-1985
Box   1 Folder   24	Task Force on Relief and Development, 1979
	Series: Correspondence	⇧
Box   1 Folder   25-35	1964-1976
Box   2 Folder   1-18	1976-1983
Box   2 Folder   19	Lester Rogers fund, 1972
Box   6 Folder   3-4	1973-1984
	Series: Travel Records	⇧
Box   2 Folder   20	Sample travel request and reports forms, 1978-1981
Box   2 Folder   21-35	Wisconsin visitors to Nicaragua, 1965-1981
Box   3 Folder   1-3	Nicaraguan visitors to Wisconsin, 1966-1982
Box   3 Folder   4	Journalism exchange, 1978-1979
Box   6 Folder   5	NAPA travel guidelines, regulations and procedures, 1978-1980
	Visitors to Nicaragua
PH Mss 723 Items   12-16	Photos of Wisconsin Governor Warren Knowles' visit to Nicaragua, 1969, November 2-4
Items   17-24	Photos of Wisconsin Governor Patrick Lucey's visit to Nicaragua, 1973
Mss 723 Box   6 Folder   6	Robert T. Aubey and William Thiesenhusen, 1979, September
Box   6 Folder   7	Denis Read and James Van Beckum, 1980, January
Box   6 Folder   8	Steve Heinzen, also at NAPA convention in Rio, 1981, November
Box   6 Folder   9	Medical Survey Team trip: agenda, project plan, etc., 1982, March
Box   6 Folder   10	Peter Thornquist, 1983, January 7-25
Box   6 Folder   11	Douglas Brethauer, 1983, November 21-25
Box   6 Folder   12	Dr. Henry A. Peters, 1984 June
Box   6 Folder   13	Douglas Brethauer, 1985 March
	Visitors to Wisconsin
Box   6 Folder   14	Nicaraguan businessmen, 1979, October 26-27
Box   6 Folder   15	Journalist Gustavo A. Montalban Ramirez, 1981, October 10-17
Box   6 Folder   16	U.S. Ambassador designate to Nicaragua Anthony Quainton and Orlando Ruiz, 1982, February
Box   6 Folder   17	Faran Dometz and Bayardo Garcia, 1984, January 16-February 2
	Series: National Association of the Partners of the Americas (NAPA) Records	⇧
Box   3 Folder   10	By-laws, 1974-1978
Box   3 Folder   11	Quarterly reports, 1973-1980
Box   3 Folder   12	Directories of partnership officers
Box   3 Folder   13-23	General files, 1964-1984
Box   3 Folder   24	Midwest Development Workshop, 1982
Box   3 Folder   25	Evaluation, 1976
Box   3 Folder   26	Summary of evaluation, 1980
Box   3 Folder   27-28	Guides and brochures
Box   6 Folder   18	By-laws amended, 1979, November 18
Box   6 Folder   19	Briefing for Executive Coordinator JoAnne Hurley, 1976, March 24-26
Box   6 Folder   20	Quarterly reports of activities, 1980, April-June; 1982, July-September
Box   6 Folder   21	Directories of partnership officers, 1978-1984
	Series: Publicity and Newspaper Clippings	⇧
	Publicity
Box   4 Folder   32	Press releases, 1965-1982
	“Noticias from the Partners' Office”
Box   4 Folder   33	1983
Box   6 Folder   24	1984-1985
Box   4 Folder   34	Brochures
Box   6 Folder   22	Public relations and communications guidelines, 1983-1984
Box   6 Folder   23	Wisconsin-Nicaragua Partners and NAPA brochures, etc.
	Clippings
Box   4 Folder   35-36	Wisconsin newspapers, 1966-1983
Box   4 Folder   37	Nicaraguan newspapers, 1969-1982
Box   4 Folder   38	Nicaraguan Government Information Service press releases, 1975-1979
Box   6 Folder   25	U.S. media: Philip H. Falk School dedication, 1972 June
Box   6 Folder   26-28	U.S. media, 1978, Jan.-1985, July
Box   6 Folder   29	U.S. media: WCCN controversy, 1984, Sept.-Nov.
Box   6 Folder   30	Nicaraguan media, 1978, July-1984, Feb.
	Series: Committee Records	⇧
	Partner cities
Box   3 Folder   5	General, 1974-1981
Box   3 Folder   6	Beloit/Masaya, 1975
Box   3 Folder   7	Burlington/Diriamba, 1976-1978
Box   3 Folder   8	Fond du Lac/Waspam, 1973-1977
Box   3 Folder   9	Fort Atkinson/Puerto Cabezas, 1975-1978
Box   3 Folder   10-11	Hartford/Matagalpa, 1976-1983
Box   3 Folder   12	Janesville/Leon, 1976-1981
Box   3 Folder   13	La Crosse/Corn Island
Box   3 Folder   14	Middleton/Pearl Lagoon, 1976-1981
Box   3 Folder   15	New Berlin/Jinotega
Box   3 Folder   16	Racine/Bluefields, 1975-1978
Box   3 Folder   17	Stevens Point (Central Wisconsin)/Managua, 1976-1978
Box   3 Folder   18	Waukesha/Grenada, 1975-1979
	Education
Box   3 Folder   19	General, 1976, undated
Box   3 Folder   20	VTAE/POLI, 1976
Box   3 Folder   21	Vocational education, 1981
Box   3 Folder   22	English language education, 1981
Box   3 Folder   23	Student traineeships, 1982
Box   3 Folder   24	IIE/Educational exchange, 1982
	Agriculture and rural development
Box   3 Folder   25-26	Minutes, 1975-1982
Box   3 Folder   27	Annual reports, 1975-1977
Box   3 Folder   28	Poultry project, 1976-1981
Box   3 Folder   29	Pump project, 1981-1982
Box   3 Folder   30	Miscellaneous project proposals, 1975, undated
Box   3 Folder   31	Inventories of agriculture books, 1982
Box   3 Folder   32	Miscellaneous correspondence, 1975-1982
	Health and nutrition
Box   3 Folder   33	Project proposals, 1973-1978
Box   3 Folder   34	Reports, 1975-1980
Box   3 Folder   35	Carroll College anemia project, 1977
Box   3 Folder   36	University of Wisconsin Medical School projects, 1971
Box   3 Folder   37	MUCIA/International Health Affairs projects
Box   3 Folder   38	Inventory of medical books, 1982
Box   3 Folder   39	Miscellaneous correspondence, 1975-1979
	CENDER
Box   3 Folder   40-43	General, 1977-1980
Box   3 Folder   44	Minutes, 1978-1979
Box   3 Folder   45	Quarterly reports, 1980-1981
Box   3 Folder   46	Proposals, 1976
	Rural health project
Box   3 Folder   47	General, 1976-1980
Box   3 Folder   48	AID grant agreement, 1977-1981
Box   3 Folder   49	Agriculture component evaluation, 1977
Box   3 Folder   50	Appropriate technology evaluation and proposal, 1977-1978
Box   3 Folder   51	Memorandum of understanding with Moravians, circa 1978
Box   3 Folder   52	Midwife Training Center report, 1979
	Radio VER (Voz Educativa Regional)
Box   3 Folder   53	AID grant agreement, 1977-1980
Box   3 Folder   54-56	General, 1977-1982
Box   3 Folder   57	Evaluation, 1981
	Operation Program Grant (AID)
Box   3 Folder   58	Draft proposal, 1977
Box   3 Folder   59	AID grant agreement, 1980-1981
Box   4 Folder   1	General, 1980-1981
Box   4 Folder   2	Sports, 1975-1981
Box   4 Folder   3	Cultural exchange, 1973-1981
	Miscellaneous projects
PH Mss 723 Items   25-34	Photographs of Partners' projects in / aid to Nicaragua: donations of sports equipment, 1972, musical instruments, corn; CARE-Ministry of Education School , 1973, August; Radio VER
Mss 723 Box   4 Folder   4	Supplies and equipment sent to Nicaragua, 1966-1982
Box   4 Folder   5	Earthquake relief, 1973-1977
PH Mss 723	Photographs
Items   35-48	Earthquake damage in Nicaragua
Items   49-55	Recovering from the Dec. 1972 earthquake in Managua: school construction, refugee tents
Items   56-60	Recovering from the Dec. 1972 earthquake in Managua: outdoor mass in the ruins of Our Lady of Fatima Church; Mercado Oriental (Eastern Market); chair factory continuing to operate among ruins
Items   61-65	Fire Chief William Stamm visits Managua firemen in March 1973 to inspect fire trucks damaged in earthquake
Mss 723 Box   4 Folder   6	Project guidelines, 1975
Box   4 Folder   7	Peace Corps projects, 1976-1978
Box   4 Folder   8	Sewing, 1981
Box   4 Folder   9	Miscellaneous proposals
	Series: Subject Files	⇧
Box   4 Folder   29	Development assistance programs in Nicaragua-TAICH reports, 1974, 1981
Box   4 Folder   30-31	Nicaraguan private sector economic reports, 1981
Box   7 Folder   1	Agricultural and Rural Development Committee, 1977-1982
Box   7 Folder   2	Carter, President Jimmy, plan to strengthen people-to-people programs in Latin America, 1980, January
Box   7 Folder   3-5	CENDER (Centro para Desarrollo Regional) reports, 1977-1981
Box   7 Folder   6	Central American Workshop, NAPA, Melbourne, Florida, 1982, July
Box   7 Folder   7	Church and conservative groups, Position of Nicaraguan, 1979-1980
Box   7 Folder   8	Hospital Inventory Project, 1982, April
Box   7 Folder   9	Job descriptions / ads: ESL Instructor, 1982; Executive Director, , 1984
Box   7 Folder   10	Literacy Campaign, 1980 - materials collected by teacher Jean Orellana
Box   7 Folder   11	Nicaragua Support Group / Humanitarian Aid to Nicaraguan Democracy (HAND), 1979-1981
Box   7 Folder   12	OPG Grant proposals and correspondence, 1980
Box   7 Folder   13	Organizational philosophy, 1978, 1984
Box   7 Folder   14	Programs and projects: criteria, guidelines, project requests, 1983
Box   7 Folder   15	Project operation guidelines, 1975, November
Box   7 Folder   16	Pump project, Pearl Lagoon, 1982
Box   7 Folder   17	Regional Educational Radio, 1977, October-1980, July
Box   7 Folder   18	Rural Health Grant, 1977, October-1980, August
Box   7 Folder   19	Solidarity groups, U.S./Wisconsin-based and supportive of Central American reform, 1979-1980
Box   7 Folder   20	Thousand, William R.: Avon Award Nomination, 1984
Box   7 Folder   21	Training program: sample application and student evaluation form, 1982
Box   7 Folder   22	UNAN (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua) project proposal, agreement with UW-River Falls 1982
Box   7 Folder   23	Vocational / technical educational programs, 1976
Box   7 Folder   24	Voluntary Foreign Aid Conference, Advisory Committee on, Report by Arthur J. Maurer, 1980, June 24-25
Box   7 Folder   25	“Women: Partners in Development” workshop, Jamaica, 1981, October
Box   7 Folder   26	Women's Project, Grant Proposal for (in Spanish), 1983, August