Summary Information
Max Otto Papers
1899-1963
- Otto, Max Carl, 1876-1968
Mss 101
5.6 c.f. (14 archives boxes)
Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)
Papers of Max Otto, a prominent German American philosopher, teacher at the University of Wisconsin, and controversial figure because of his atheism, pacifism, and defense of academic freedom. Included is correspondence, articles, notes, speeches, lectures, book manuscripts, drawings and cartoons, diaries, an autobiography, newsclippings on criticism of Otto by John B. Chapple in 1932, and other items. The extensive correspondence (1900-1964) provides insight into Otto's long-term intellectual relationship with Boyd S. Bode, John Dewey, and Dickinson S. Miller and into the development of American philosophy during the first half of the twentieth century. Other correspondents include Morton Enslin, Horace Fries, A. Eustace Haydon, Elijah A. Jordan, Horace M. Kallen, Edward C. Lindeman, Alain Locke, Donald Piatt, Harold Taylor, Marten Ten Hoor, Lewis G. Westgate, George C. Sellery, Albert C. Barnes, E. A. Birge, Baker Brownell, Clarence Darrow, Glenn Frank, Nathan Feinsinger, William Leiserson, Alexander Meiklejohn, and Frederick Merk.
English
http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-mss00101 ↑ Bookmark this ↑
Biography/History
Max Carl Otto was born in Zwickau, Germany in 1876. When he was five years old, his parents brought him to Wheeling, West Virginia, where he attended school through the sixth grade. At the age of sixteen, he ran off to Cinncinnati and later to Chicago, where he worked for the R.G. Dun Company. After several years of doing boys work at the Milwaukee Y.M.C.A., he felt the need for more education in order to better understand the true meaning of Christianity. He attended Carroll College in Waukesha, Wisconsin, from 1900 to 1903. In 1903 he came to the University of Wisconsin, where he majored in history under Frederick Jackson Turner and received his B.A. in 1906. He did graduate work in philosophy, and was appointed an assistant in that department in 1908, and an instructor in 1910. By the time he received his Ph.D. in 1911, contact with the thought of William James and John Dewey had made him a humanistic atheist. He became a full professor of philosophy in 1921. In 1922 he married Rhoda Owen of Milwaukee; they had a son, Owen, and a daughter, Mary.
Until his retirement in 1947, Max Otto was one of the most popular professors at the University of Wisconsin. His great originality and wide appeal stemmed from the fact that he regarded philosophy as inextricably linked with the search for a better life, concrete assistance to individuals, and social concerns. As a pragmatist and an instrumentalist, he repudiated metaphysical ideals and attempted to instill his students with a critical yet tolerant spirit and the ability to find constructive solutions for real problems. The famous philosophy course he taught from 1910 to 1936, “Man and Nature,” in which he examined the impact of theories of evolution on man's concept of himself, aroused great controversy. Max Otto became the target for the attacks of those outraged by his atheism, pacifism, and defense of academic freedom, notably many religious leaders in 1915 and 1916 and the politician John B. Chapple in 1932.
Max Otto expounded his ideas of philosophy's relevance and human possibilities in three books: Things and Ideals (1924), Natural Laws and Human Hopes (1926), and The Human Enterprise (1940). In addition to a large output of articles, he collaborated in Is There a God?, a debate first published in The Christian Century, a volume for William James' centennial in 1942, and Philosophy in American Education (1945), a report by a commission appointed by the American Philosophical Association.
His achievements were honored at a Jubilee Dinner on the occasion of his retirement in 1947. He died in Madison in 1968.
References:
- Burkhardt, Frederick, ed. The Cleavage in Our Culture: Studies in Scientific Humanism in Honor of Max Otto, Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press, 1952.
- Wilder, Amos Tappan, “The Joint-Venturer,” an unpublished M.A. thesis at the University of Wisconsin, 1967.
Scope and Content Note
The Max Otto Papers consist of correspondence, articles, research notes, speeches, lecture notes and other writings, diaries, his autobiography, clippings, and memorabilia. They are arranged in four series: correspondence, writings, biographical materials, and reference materials.
The CORRESPONDENCE is arranged chronologically from 1899 to 1963. There are very few outgoing letters before 1929. In addition to insights on Otto's life and thought, this correspondence reflects the development of American philosophy over a forty-year period. Most valuable to the researcher is the Boyd H. Bode correspondence, which spans the period from 1908 to 1950. In these letters Bode encouraged Otto in his effort to make philosophy relevant to life.. The correspondence with John Dewey reflects the deep friendship between the two men and provides many commentaries on their colleagues in philosophy. The voluminous correspondence with Dickinson S. Miller (which is found throughout from 1927 on) a companion of William James, is also valuable from the philosophical standpoint. In addition, the letters exchanged with prominent figures of the University of Wisconsin and American philosophers such as Albert C. Barnes, Dean E. A. Birge, Baker Brownell, Morton Enslin, University President Glenn Frank, Nathan P. Feininger, Horace Fries, A. Eustace Haydon, Elijah A. Jordon, Horace M. Kallen, William M. Leiserson, Edward C. Linderman, Alain Locke, Alexander Meiklejohn, Frederick Merk, Donald Piatt, Dean George C. Sellery, Harold Taylor, Marten Ten Hoor, and Lewis G. Westgate, give a good picture of the development of American pragmatism, and of the conflicts among American philosophers and within the University of Wisconsin during this period. There is also extensive correspondence between Otto and the editorial staff of The Christian Century, The Crozer Quarterly, The Humanist, The Humanist Press Association, The Journal of Social Philosophy, and The Nation.
A list of the dates of correspondence with Boyd H. Bode, Clarence Darrow, John Dewey, Alexander Meiklejohn, and George C. Sellery is an appendix to this finding aid.
All of the correspondence between Otto and his close friend Phillip La Follette may be found in the additions to the Phillip LaFollette Papers (Wis Mss QS). There is, however, some correspondence between Otto and Phillip's son Robert in this collection, during the years following 1944.
The WRITINGS AND PROFESSIONAL PAPERS series is comprised of the records and papers generated by Max Otto's professional activities, including: (1) his writings -- published and unpublished articles; notes of articles, books, and speeches; and reviews; (2) his lecture notes for University of Wisconsin courses; and (3) his speeches. These materials are arranged chronologically within each category. The articles are preceded by a Bibliography Progress Report dated 1956. The folder of newspaper articles provides an index of Otto's many interests, such as education and theology, and his pacifist and progressive political sentiments. The next two folders contain drafts of About Thinking, the book on logic which Otto worked on for thirty years but did not complete. The folders of miscellaneous notes include fragments of his book The Human Enterprise. The undated book reviews written by Otto are arranged alphabetically by the name of the book's author. The lecture notes for his University of Wisconsin courses are not complete; there is material only from the late 1930s and 1951 and there are no notes for the well-known “Man and Nature” course. The speeches given outside the University include Otto's addresses to the First Unitarian Society of Madison and other Unitarian groups.
The third series, BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS, includes all of Max Otto's public expression with the exception of his drawings and the muck-raking political cartoons which he drew for the Wisconsin State Journal between the years 1907 and 1910. These have been placed with the biographical materials because they were done before Otto chose a career in philosophy and because they relate to politics and events of those years. Thus, they were considered to be more of a biographical nature rather than as material revealing Otto's professional thoughts and ideas. Max Otto's autobiography, his diaries, biographical clippings arranged chronologically, and memorabilia make up the remainder of this third series. The drafts of five chapters of the autobiography, “He Came to Himself,” are written as a novel, in the third person. In this fictionalized account, Otto, in the words of Amos Tappan Wilder, tries to “read himself into the optimistic American experience, the American dream.” There is also a piece written during World War I at the height of anti-German feeling, “Living Down the Hyphen.” The first notebook of his diary gives a detailed account of his attempt to prevent the firing of Professor Fiese in 1917 because of an “unpatriotic” remark, but unfortunately the diary resumes only in 1955, passing over the period when he was most severely criticized in the 1930s. The biographical clippings from Wisconsin newspapers bridge this gap.
The fourth series of the collection contains REFERENCE AND RESOURCE MATERIALS: colleagues' and students' papers, a Japanese account of American philosophy and Otto's thought, materials concerning The Humanist, and articles annotated by Max Otto. There are files of reference clippings on incidents threatening academic freedom; on John B. Chapple, the politician who attacked Otto in 1932; on Otto's fellow philosophers; and on other matters which interested him. They are arranged in chronological order.
A list of the books, periodicals, reprints, and pamphlets which were sent to the Historical Society Library, in alphabetical order on index cards, is in the last box of the collection.
Administrative/Restriction Information
Primarily presented by Mrs. Rhoda Owen Otto, October 6, 1964. Xerox copies of three letters from Otto to Walter L. Rankin of Carroll College (September 27, 1904, April 16, 1905, July 16, 1908) and one letter from Otto to Alfred S. Badger, a Carroll College trustee (September 30, 1905) were received from the Carroll College Library in 1974 and were interfiled in the correspondence. An annotated draft of Otto's autobiography was loaned for Xeroxing by Peter Odegard, Hudson, Wisconsin, in 1974 and the copy was added to Box 12. Accession Number: M74-359, M74-382, M74-544
Contents List
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Series: Correspondence
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Box
1
Folder
1
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1899 March 5-1900
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Box
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2
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1901-1904
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Box
1
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3
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1905-1907
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Box
1
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4
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1908-1909
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Box
1
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5
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1910-1911
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Box
1
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6
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1912-1913
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Box
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7
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1914-1916
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Box
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8
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1917-1918
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Box
1
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9
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1919-1920
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Box
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10
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1921-1923
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Box
1
Folder
11
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1924-1925
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Box
1
Folder
12
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1926-1927
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Box
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13
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1928
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Box
2
Folder
1
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1929
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Box
2
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2
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1930 January 1-June 30
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Box
2
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3
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1930 July 1-December 31
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Box
2
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4
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1931 January 1-March 31
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Box
2
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5
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1931 April 1-July 31
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Box
2
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6
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1931 August 1-October 31
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Box
2
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7
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1931 November 1-December 31
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Box
2
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8
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1932 January 1-February 29
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Box
2
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9
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1932 March 1-May 31
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Box
2
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10
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1932 June 1-September 30
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Box
2
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11
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1932 October 1-November 30
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Box
2
Folder
12
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1932 December 1-1933 March 1
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Box
2
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13
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1933 April 1-June 30
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Box
3
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1
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1933 July 1-October 1
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Box
3
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2
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1933 November 1-1934 January 31
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Box
3
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3
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1934 February 1-April 30
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Box
3
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4
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1934 May 1-August 31
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Box
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5
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1934 September 1-December 31
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Box
3
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6
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1935 January 1-May 31
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Box
3
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7
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1935 June 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
3
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8
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1936 January 1-June 30
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Box
3
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9
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1936 July 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
3
Folder
10
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1937 January 1-April 30
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Box
3
Folder
11
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1937 May 1-September 30
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Box
4
Folder
1
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1937 October 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
4
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2
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1938 January 1-June 30
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Box
4
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3
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1938 July 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
4
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4
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1939 January 1-June 30
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Box
4
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5
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1939 July 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
4
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6
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1940 January 1-February 29
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Box
4
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7
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1940 March 1-April 30
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Box
4
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8
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1940 May 1-June 30
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Box
4
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9
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1940 July 1-August 31
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Box
4
Folder
10
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1940 September 1-October 30
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Box
4
Folder
11
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1940 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
5
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1
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1941 January 1-February 28
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Box
5
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2
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1941 March 1-April 30
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Box
5
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3
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1941 May 1-June 30
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Box
5
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4
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1941 July 1-August 31
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Box
5
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5
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1941 September 1-October 31
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Box
5
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6
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1941 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
5
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7
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1942 January 1-April 30
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Box
5
Folder
8
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1942 May 1-August 31
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Box
5
Folder
9
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1942 September 1-October 31
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Box
5
Folder
10
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1942 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
5
Folder
11
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1943 January 1-April 30
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Box
6
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1
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1943 May 1-August 31
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Box
6
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2
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1943 September 1-October 31
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Box
6
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3
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1943 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
6
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4
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1944 January 1-February 29
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Box
6
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5
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1944 March 1-April 30
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Box
6
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6
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1944 May 1-July 31
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Box
6
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7
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1944 August 1-October 31
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Box
6
Folder
8
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1944 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
6
Folder
9
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1945 January 1-February 28
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Box
6
Folder
10
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1945 March 1-April 30
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Box
6
Folder
11
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1945 May 1-July 30
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Box
7
Folder
1
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1945 July 1-August 30
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Box
7
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2
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1945 September 1-October 31
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Box
7
Folder
3
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1945 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
7
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4
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1946 January 1-February 28
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Box
7
Folder
5
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1946 March 1-April 30
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Box
7
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6
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1946 May 1-June 30
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Box
7
Folder
7
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1946 July 1-October 30
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Box
7
Folder
8
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1946 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
7
Folder
9
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1947 January 1-February 28
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Box
7
Folder
10
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1947 March 1-April 30
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Box
7
Folder
11
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1947 May 1-June 30
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Box
7
Folder
12
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1947 July 1-October 31
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Box
7
Folder
13
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1947 November 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
8
Folder
1
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1948 January 1-June 30
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Box
8
Folder
2
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1948 July 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
8
Folder
3
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1949 January 1-June 30
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Box
8
Folder
4
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1949 July 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
8
Folder
5
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1950
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Box
8
Folder
6
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1951
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Box
8
Folder
7
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1952
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Box
8
Folder
8
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1953 January 1-June 30
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Box
8
Folder
9
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1953 July 1-December 31 and undated
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Box
8
Folder
10
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1954
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Box
8
Folder
11
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1955
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Box
8
Folder
12
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1956
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Box
8
Folder
13
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1957
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Box
9
Folder
1
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1958
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Box
9
Folder
2
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1959-1961
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Box
9
Folder
3
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1962-1964 February 10
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Box
9
Folder
4
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Undated
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Series: Writings and Professional Papers
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Box
9
Folder
5
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Progress Report on Bibliography, 1956
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Articles, published and unpublished
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Box
9
Folder
6
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1910-1925
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Box
9
Folder
7
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1926-1931
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Box
9
Folder
8
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1932-1940
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Box
9
Folder
9
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1941-1943
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Box
9
Folder
10
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1944-1951
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Box
10
Folder
1
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1952-1959, and undated
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Box
10
Folder
1
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Newspaper Articles, 1913-1953
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Notes for About Thinking and Drafts
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Box
10
Folder
2
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Chapter I
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Box
10
Folder
3
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Chapters II and III
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Box
10
Folder
4-6
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Miscellaneous Notes for Articles, Speeches, and Books
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Reviews of Max Otto's Books
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Box
10
Folder
7
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The Human Enterprise
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Box
10
Folder
8
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Natural Laws and Human Hopes
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Box
10
Folder
9
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Things and Ideals
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Reviews by Max Otto
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Box
10
Folder
10
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1917-1941
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Box
10
Folder
11
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1942-1954
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Box
10
Folder
12
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Undated, arranged alphabetically by the book's author
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Lecture Materials, University of Wisconsin
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Box
11
Folder
1
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A-C
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Box
11
Folder
2
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D-F
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Box
11
Folder
3
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G-K
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Box
11
Folder
4
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L-Q
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Box
11
Folder
5
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R-S
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Box
11
Folder
6
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T-Z
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Speeches and Speech Materials of Max Otto, outside the University of Wisconsin
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Box
12
Folder
1
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1900-1947
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Box
12
Folder
2
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1950-1953
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Series: Biographical Materials
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Autobiography
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Box
12
Folder
3
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“He Came to Himself” and “Living Down the Hyphen”
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Box
12
Folder
4
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Drafts Written for Lewis C. Westgate, 1945
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Box
12
Folder
5
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Notes and Resource Materials
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Clippings about Max Otto
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Box
12
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6
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1911-1933
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Box
12
Folder
7
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1934-1968
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Box
12
Folder
8
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Undated
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Box
12
Folder
9
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Drawings, Sketches, and Wisconsin State Journal political cartoons
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Diary
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Box
12
Folder
10
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1917 November 22-December 14; 1955 January, June-September; 1956 January-December
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Box
13
Folder
1
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1957 January-May, September-October; 1958 January-March, May-August, October-November; 1963 July-November
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Box
13
Folder
2-3
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Max Otto Jubilee Dinner, Correspondence and Memorabilia, 1947
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Series: Reference Materials
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Box
13
Folder
4
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Resource Materials
: A Japanese account of American pragmatism and Otto's thought, materials concerning The Humanist, colleagues' papers, students' papers, and miscellaneous resource materials.
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Others' Articles Annotated by Otto
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Box
13
Folder
5
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Blanshard to Kallen
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Box
13
Folder
6
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Leander to Putnam
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Box
13
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7
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Russell to Willkie
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Reference Clippings
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Box
14
Folder
1
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Academic Freedom
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Box
14
Folder
2
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John B. Chapple
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Box
14
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3
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Colleagues and Correspondents of Max Otto
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Box
14
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4
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Miscellaneous
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Appendix: Correspondence of Particular Interest
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Correspondent
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Dates
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Comments
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| Boyd H. Bode (Incoming and Outgoing) |
1908: July 3, August 9 |
For a discussion of Bode's life and work, see the correspondence between Max Otto and H. Gordon Hullfish, 1955-1957. |
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1909: July 14, August 31, September 10, 21, 25, October 8, 10 November 8, December 12, 23 |
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1910: January 8, 13, 26, undated, March 7, 14, 27, April 19, 24, 29, May 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 24, June 8, July 15, undated |
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1911: February 2, March 1, April 13, May 1, 22, 28, September 10, October 22, December 7 |
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1912: March 7, April 22, May 4, June 3, 10, July 22, 31, September 25, November 1, 26 |
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1913: January 16, 21, February 9, 16, April 25, June 4, 25, July 11, 26, September 19, October 9, 13, 28, November 5, December 17, 30 |
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1914: January 16, 17, 28, February 16, 20, March 6, 10, 13, 17, 25, 29, April 2, 3, 4, May 12, June 12, 23, July 10, August 24, October 21, November 10, December 22, undated |
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1915: July 13, December 7 |
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1916: January 8, September 22, December 24 |
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1917: February 1, March 18, 21, May 25, June 14, July 2, October 19, November 6 |
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1918: March 18, 20, April 10, August 1, November 8, 30, December 12 |
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1919: January 3, 29, February 1, 13, 22, March 4, 12, April 6, 9, May 18, July 22, August 5, 12, September 8, 10, October 4, 10, 18, 27, 31, November 20, December 9 |
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1920: February 18, 19, March 22, April 11, 29, August 22, September 19, November 2 |
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1921: February 7, March 22, April 2, 11, 20, 21, May 2, 16, June 1, 26, July 19, 22, August 31, October 7, 9, 14 |
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1922: January 8, 11, February 14, March 3, 22, April 20, September 23, 30, October 24, November 24, December 21, 24, 26 |
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1923: November 11, 16, 29 |
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1924: January 5, 15, March 15, 28, June 9, August 9, 16, 30, September 27, October 23, November 2, undated |
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1925: May 17, June 7, September 24, October 18 |
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1926: January 2, March 26, June 16, August 25, September 11 1927: January 2, November 15, December 21 |
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1928: March 19, 28, July 18, October 9, 13, November 27 |
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1929: February 17, 22, March 10, 18, April 12, 25, May 3, 10, 22, July 19, September 17, November 19, December 9, 18 |
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1930: January 5, 14, 19, 30, February 17, 26, May 5, June 18, July 19, 25, October 11, 29, November 7, 20, December 5 |
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1931: February 20, May 13, June 3, 11, 12, 16, 25, 27, September 11, November 12, 16, 19, 20, December 6, 10, 12, 14, 15, 19 |
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1932: January 13, 20, February 11, 13, March 22, 23, 24, 26, April 25, September 22, October 6, November 22, December 21 |
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1933: January 10, May 1, 5, June 16, August 16, December 31 |
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1934: February 8, March 6, April 10, June 6, August 17, October 1, 6, 31, November 3 |
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1935: February 12, April 17, May 2, July 5, 10, 16, November 12 1936: February 7, April 6 |
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1937: January 5, 6, 14, March 11, 31, April 2, 5, 17, August 8, September 13 |
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1938: January 21, May 25, undated, December 21 |
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1939: November 29 |
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1940: January 16, May 9, June 29, July 12, August 23, September 20, December 3, 11, 18 |
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1941: January 9, 31, March 3, 15, April 9, 11, 23, May 26, June 13, August 17, October 29, November 13 |
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1942: January 17, 26, February 24, March 9, 10, 27, April 19, 25, June 17, September 25, October 6, 28, November 5, 30, December 9 |
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1943: January 7, March 4, April 26, June 24, July 23, August 18, 23, September 17, 26, October 14, 17, November 3, 11, December 12 |
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1944: January 2, 12, 18, February 25, May 9, undated |
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1945: March 1, July 28, August 3, September 12, October 25, November 19 |
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1946: February 4, 5, April 3, 14, September 16, October 6, November 13, 22 |
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1947: Apri1 28, 30, May 17, 30, October 28, November 12, 29, December 5, 12 |
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1948: February 18, March 28, May 1, July 21, October 14, 21 |
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1949: January 23, May 2, August 23, October 31, December 21 |
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1950: March 13, May 22, August 27, September 17 |
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1951: January 7, 28, April 6, May 22, July 3, 7, 31, November 17, December 18 |
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1952: February 24, June 4, August 25, October 14, 18, November 20, December 18, 25, 31 |
| Clarence Darrow (Both incoming and outgoing) |
1926: November 21 |
See also the correspondence between Ruby (Mrs. Clarence) Darrow for several years during Clarence Darrow's illness and following his death (circa 1937-1941). |
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1932: October 6, 29 |
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1933: September 12 |
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1935: February 6, 8 |
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1936: November 30 |
| John Dewey (Incoming and Outgoing) |
1917: May 10 |
See also the correspondence between Robby (Mrs. John) Dewey and Jane Dewey and Max and Rhoda Otto: 1951, August 3, October 25; 1952, March 4, June 11, July 11; and 1953, December 1 |
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1923: February 26, March 9, October 31, November 21 |
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1924: October 18 |
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1925: November 25 |
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1926: January 2, April 6, May 27, November 22 |
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1928: October 22, 30, November 27, December 19 |
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1929: January 8, 25, October 7, 17, November 7, December 18 |
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1930: October 1, 11, 15, November 1, 11, December 1, 4 |
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1931: October 10 |
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1933: March 5, April 11, 28 |
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1934: January 4, February 19, 28 |
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1935: January 25, May 3, August 16, 22 |
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1936: December 18 |
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1939: September 3, 29, October 23, November 28, December 19 |
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1940: January 4, April l8, 22, 30, May 3, 5, 15, 21, June 4, July 6, 10, 18, 29, 31, August 2, 16, 28, September 7 |
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1941: January 23, February 4, 11, 22, 26, March 4, April 29, May 13, June 5, July 2, 7, 14, October 7, November 10, 19, December 2, 4, undated |
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1942: May 8, 21, June 22, October 8, November 8, 16, December 3, 22, 28 |
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1943: October 27, December 10 |
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1944: January 12, 14, May 29, July 21, October 11, 19, November 6 |
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1945: January 30, February 11, March 6, October 11, November 11, December 28 |
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1946: January 14, December 6, 9 (2) |
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1947: March 5, April 14, July 14, 19 |
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1948: October 30, November 6 |
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1949: January 26, August 12, 27, September 4, November 5, 8, 27 |
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1950: May 10, 17, June 17, 29, July 23, October 6, 9, 27 |
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1951: January 2, 28, February 14, 23, August 15, November 16 |
| Alexander Meiklejohn (Incoming and Outgoing) |
1931: May 5 |
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1932: February 7, April 1, 2, undated |
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1933: November 10, 22 |
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1934: January 4, 14, February 15, March 9 |
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1935: November 25 |
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1936: January 12, April 21 |
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1938: March 29, April 6, May 14 |
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1941: January 17 |
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1949: April 2 |
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1959: December 14 |
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1961: January 5 |
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1962: January 5, March 12, April 2 |
| George C. Sellery (Incoming and Outgoing) |
1929: October 1 |
Also see Box 13, Folder 2, which contains George Sellery's correspondence with various University of Wisconsin professors about the Max Otto Jubilee Dinner on October 26, 1947. |
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1930: April 22, 24, September 18 |
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1931: April 7 |
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1932: July 8 |
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1935: January 3, December 30 |
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1937: December 13 |
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1939: August 22, October 8, November 2, 9, 10, December 4 |
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1940: August 27 |
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1941: July 29 |
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1942: January 21 |
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1947: July 10, 17, August 1, 15, 18, 27, September 9, 16, 27, 29, October 16, 27, 30, November 2, 18, 26, December 17 |
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1948: January 3, 16, 24, February 2, 13 |
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1956: April 17 |
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