Pabst Brewing Company Records, 1873-197-?,  (bulk 1873-1940)

Container Title
Series: 8. Continuing Medical Education, 1979, 1981, 1985-2010
Scope and Content Note: This series contains information on programs and seminars for doctors, nurses, and the allied health field including Allied Health, the Distinguished Lecture Series, Dialogues in Allergy, and the Managed Care Focus Series.
Box   748
Folder   67
AAAAI/AAI/CIS Joint Meeting Postgraduate Syllabus, 1997
Box   490
Folder   14
AAAAI and American Academy of Dermatology Combined Meeting Program, 2003
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  ACAAI Exam Review 2007\
ACAAI Exam Review, 2007
Physical Description: 5553 digital files (513 MB) 
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  ACAAI Exam Review 2008\
ACAAI Exam Review, 2008
Physical Description: 1 disc image (1.91 GB) 
Box   492
Folder   1
Activities Calendar, 1986-1993
Box   380
Folder   2
Advances in Asthma and Allergy, 1994
Box   455
Folder   34
Advances in Asthma Care, 1991-1993
Box   380
Folder   3
Advances in Pediatric Rhinitis and Sinusitis, 1998, undated
Box   380
Folder   5
Aeroallergen Course Toward Certification, 1993
Box   380
Folder   6
Allergic Diseases State of the Art Simulcast, 1993
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  Education Videos\
  Allergies\
Allergies, circa 2010
Physical Description: 1 disc image (2.38 GB) 
Box   671
Folder   1
Allergy and Asthma Disease Management Center, 1997
Box   671
Folder   2
Allergy and Asthma Disease Management Center, Physician's Online, 1996-1998
Box   537
Folder   92
Allergy and Asthma: Update '99, 1999
Box   490
Folder   7
Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1994
Box   455
Folder   35
Allergy and Clinical Immunology for the Health Care Professional, 1990
Box   532
Allergy and Immunology 2001, 2001
Physical Description: 6 videocassettes (VHS) 
Allergy and Immunology and Clinical and Laboratory Immunology Training Program Directory
Box   380
Folder   7
1981
Box   380
Folder   9
1993
Box   380
Folder   10-11
1995, 1998/1999
Box   491
Folder   5
2000-2001
Box   540
Folder   59
2002-2003
Box   380
Folder   8
Allergy and Immunology for the Practicing Physician, 1986
Box   447
Folder   52
Allergy and Immunology GME Surveys, Center for Health Workforce Studies, 2001-2002
Allergy and Immunology Review for Re-Certification
Box   455
Folder   37
2001
Box   540
Folder   46
2005, 2007
Box   455
Folder   36
Allergy for the Clinician, Practical Solutions to Everyday Problems, 1991
Box   447
Folder   1
Allergy Outreach-A Continuing Medical Education Opportunity, Correspondence, 1974
Box   455
Folder   38
Allergy Practice Management Seminar, 1995
Box   380
Folder   12
Allergy Update, 1993, 1995
Box   490
Folder   4
Allergy Update, 1996
Allied Health
Box   317
Folder   1
Administration, 1993
Box   317
Folder   2
Clinical Issues, 1993
Box   317
Folder   3
Executive Committee, 1993-1994
Box   317
Folder   4
General, 1990-1994
Box   317
Folder   5
Meetings, 1993
Membership
Box   317
Folder   6
1989-1990
Box   317
Folder   7
1992-1993
Box   317
Folder   8
Forms and Certificates, undated
Box   748
Folder   63
Program, 1993
Box   317
Folder   9
Reading Lists, 1994-2000
Regional Courses
Box   447
Folder   3
1993-1994
Box   320
Audiocassette Tapes, 1991
Physical Description: 7 audio cassettes 
Box   317
Folder   10
Correspondence, 1989-1990
Box   317
Folder   11-13
Handouts, undated
Box   318
Folder   1
Invitations, 1990-1998
Box   318
Folder   2
Participants' Packets, 1990
Syllabi
Box   318
Folder   3
1987-1990
Box   318
Folder   4-6
1991-1993
Box   319
Folder   1-5
1994-1995
Box   320
Folder   1-3
1996-1997
Box   671
Folder   3
1998
Box   320
Folder   4
Research, 1993
Box   320
Folder   5-7
Seminars, 1987-1989
Box   320
Folder   8
Southwestern Allergy Forum Meeting, 1994-1995
Box   455
Folder   39
Annual Allergy Update, 1992
Box   475
Folder   2
Aspiration of Foreign Bodies in Children, 1979
Note: Accompanying audio cassette in box 476
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  Education Videos\
  Asthma\
Asthma, circa 2010
Physical Description: 1 DVD Folder (2.01 GB) 
Box   380
Folder   13
Asthma ’95, 1995
Asthma ’95: Theory to Treatment, 1995
Box   748
Folder   65
Abstract Book
Box   748
Folder   64
Program, Advanced
Box   748
Folder   66
Program, Final
Box   455
Folder   40
Asthma and Airway Allergies: Mechanisms and Management, 1992
Box   380
Folder   14
Asthma and Allergy in the Next Millennium, 1997
Box   368
Folder   14
Asthma Care and Patient Education: The Nurse's Role, 1990
Box   455
Folder   41
Asthma Consultants Postgraduate Course, 1993
Box   540
Folder   53
Asthma '99: Theory to Treatment, 1999
Box   472
Folder   6
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Physiologic Consequences, 1979
Box   472
Folder   7
Asthma: Principles of Asthma Treatment, 1979
Box   455
Folder   42
Asthma: Theory to Treatment, 1995
Box   472
Folder   8
Asthma Therapy: What you Need to Know to be an Expert Sub-Specialist, 2002
Box   520
Folder   4
Asthma Update: The Managed Care Perspective, 1992-1993
Box   524
Folder   8
Autumn Allergy Update, 1992
Box   381
Folder   1-3
Autumn Allergy Update, 1993-1995
Box   534
Folder   6
Basic Immunology for Clinicians Update, 2005
Box   472
Folder   9
Bronchiolitis, 1981
Box   475
Folder   3
Cancer Immunology, 1979
Note: Accompanying audio cassette in box 476
Box   520
Folder   13
Capitalizing on Capitation: the Allergist and Managed Care, 1995-1996
Chief Residents' Program
Box   381
Folder   4-6
1997, 1999
Box   520
Folder   6
1998
Box   503
Folder   6
2000
Chrysalis Project
Annual Meeting
Box   526
Folder   10
2004
Box   540
Folder   37
2005
Box   671
Folder   4
2006
Box   447
Folder   4
Brochure, undated
Box   381
Folder   7
Clinical Allergy and Immunology for the Practicing Physician, 1985-1987, 1990-1991, 1995
Box   540
Folder   5
Clinical Allergy for the Practicing Physician, 1986
Clinical Allergy Series
Note: Accompanying audio cassettes in box 476
Box   472
Folder   10
Part I: Immediate Hypersensitivity (IgE) Disorders, 1980
Box   472
Folder   11
Part III: Bronchial Asthma, Section 2, 1980
Box   475
Folder   4
Part VI: Uticaria, undated
Box   475
Folder   5
Part VII: Adverse Reactions to Foods, undated
Box   472
Folder   12
Part IX: Skin Testing, 1981
Box   472
Folder   13
Part X: Atopic Dermatitis, 1982
Box   472
Folder   14
Part XI: Allergic and Immunologic Diseases of the Eye, 1983
Box   473
Folder   1
Part XII: Allergic Emergencies, 1983
Box   473
Folder   2
Part XIII: Childhood Asthma, 1985
Box   473
Folder   3
Part XIV: Nasal Cytology, undated
Box   473
Folder   4
Part XV: The Differential Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment of Sinusitis, 1986
Box   381
Folder   8
Clinical Cutaneous Allergy and Immunology, 1996, 1999
Clinical Immunology
Box   473
Folder   5
Part I: Basic Immunology-B-Call Immunity, undated
Note: Accompanying audio cassette in box 476
Box   473
Folder   6
Part II: Basic Immunology: T-Cell Immunity Phagocytosis and Complement, undated
Note: Accompanying audio cassette in box 476
Box   473
Folder   7
Clinical Immunology Update, undated
Note: Accompanying audio cassette in box 476
Box   473
Folder   8
Compass: New Directions in the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis and Related Disorders, 2002
Comprehensive Review in Adult and Pediatric Allergy/Immunology
Box   455
Folder   43-44
1991, 1995
Box   381
Folder   9
1993, 1997
Box   447
Folder   5
Continuing Education Information, 1941, undated
Box   381
Folder   10
Controversies in the Treatment of Rhino-Sinusitis, 1994
Box   382
Folder   1
Current Issues and Emerging Controversies in Allergy and Immunology, 1998
Box   382
Folder   2
Current Trends in the Management and Treatment of Rhino-Sinusitis, 1994-1996
Current Views
Box   686
Folder   1
Allergen Immunotherapy, 2002
Box   686
Folder   2
Allergic Skin Disease, 2002
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   686
Folder   3
Chronic Hyperplastic Eosinophilic Sinusitis
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   686
Folder   4
Factitious Allergic Disease, 2002
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   686
Folder   5
Hidden Food Allergies, 2001
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   686
Folder   6
Hygiene, Allergy and Asthma, 2002
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   686
Folder   7
Occupational Asthma, 2002
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   686
Folder   8
Practice Parameters for Allergic Rhinitis, 2001
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   686
Folder   9
Update on Immunizations, 2000, 2002
Note: Includes audio cassette
Current Views in Allergy and Immunology
Box   533
Binder   7-9
1981-1982
Note: Includes slides and audio cassettes
Box   403
Binder   10-11
1983-1984
Note: Includes slides and audio cassettes
Box   531
Binder   15-18
1986-1990
Note: Includes slides and audio cassettes
Box   532
Binder   19
1990-1991
Note: Includes slides and audio cassettes
Box   540
Folder   4
1991-1992
Box   526
Folder   1
Cytokines in Immune and Infectious Diseases, 1998
Box   382
Folder   3
Cytokines in Inflammation and Disease, 1995
Box   455
Folder   45
Dees Symposium of Allergy and Immunology, 1992
Box   475
Folder   6
Diagnosis and Treatment of Status Asthmaticus in Children, 1983
Note: Accompanying audio cassette in box 476
Box   473
Folder   9
Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis in Adults, 1981
Dialogues in Allergy
Box   382
Folder   9-10
American Academy of Family Physicians, 1993-1994
Box   382
Folder   11
American Academy of Physician Assistants, 1995
Box   382
Folder   12
American College Health Association, 1995
Box   382
Folder   13-14
American College of Chest Physicians, 1994-1995
Box   382
Folder   15
American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians, 1994
Box   382
Folder   16
American College of Physicians, 1995
Box   383
Folder   1
American College of Sports Medicine, 1995
Box   383
Folder   2
American Occupational Health Conference, 1995
Box   383
Folder   3
American Physical Therapy Association, 1995
Box   383
Folder   4
American Public Health Association, 1994
Box   383
Folder   5
American Rhinologic Society, 1994
Box   383
Folder   6
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1994
Box   382
Folder   4-6
Correspondence, 1993-1996
Box   382
Folder   7
Letterhead, 1994(?)
Box   382
Folder   8
Meeting Proposals, 1994-1995
Box   383
Folder   7
National Association of School Nurses, 1995
Box   383
Folder   8
Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1997
Distinguished Lecture Series
Box   314
Folder   1
Bookmarks, undated
Box   314
Folder   2
Brochures, 1993
Box   314
Folder   3
Committee Meetings, 1993-1994
Box   314
Folder   4
Conference Call Agendas and Minutes, 1992-1993
Box   314
Folder   5
Correspondence, 1993-1995
Box   314
Folder   6
Evaluations, 1992-1994
Box   314
Folder   7
Expenses, 1993-1994
Box   314
Folder   8
Invitations, 1993-1996
Box   314
Folder   9
Marion Merrell Dow, 1992-1993
Box   314
Folder   10
Meetings, 1993-1994
Box   314
Folder   11
Past Programs, 1990-1992
Box   314
Folder   12
Programs to be Considered, 1992
Box   314
Folder   13
Scrapped Programs, 1992-1993
Box   314
Folder   14
Status Reports, 1992-1994
Box   315
Folder   1-5
Syllabi, 1993-1996
Box   383
Folder   9-10
Syllabi, 1998-1999
Box   537
Folder   93
Eastern Allergy Conference, 1996
Education and Research Trust
Box   368
Folder   16
Annual Report, 2001-2005
Box   444
Folder   18
Award, 1996, 1999
Box   671
Folder   5
Benefit, Programs & Menus, 1993-2002, 2004, 2005
Box   534
Folder   25
Feasibility Study Results, 1995
Box   447
Folder   6
Information, 1988-1998, 2000, undated
Box   447
Folder   7
Educational Grants and Awards, 1993
Box   490
Folder   6
Educational Resources Catalog, 1993
Box   473
Folder   10
Factors Influencing the Response of Asthma to Therapy, 1979
Fellows in Training
Box   383
Folder   11
Advances in Therapeutics, 1999
Box   474
Folder   8
CORE Topics in Allergy, 2000
Box   455
Folder   46
Immediate Hypersensitivity Testing for Aeroallergens, 1994
Information Kit
Box   383
Folder   12
1988, 1991, 1993-1994
Box   384
Folder   1
1996, 1998-1999
Box   463
Folder   10
1999-2003
Box   524
Folder   9
2004
Box   534
Folder   14
2005
Box   540
Folder   39
2006
Box   684
Folder   1-2
2007-2008
Box   455
Folder   47
Program, Introduction to CPT Coding and Reimbursement, 1995
Box   455
Folder   48
Symposium, Practicing Allergy in the Office Setting, 1995
Box   463
Folder   11
Roster, undated
Box   526
Folder   29
What Every Allergy/Immunology Fellow Should Know, 2001
Box   455
Folder   49
Food Allergy and the Lung, 1992
Box   455
Folder   50
Fourteenth Annual Postgraduate Course in Allergy and Immunology, 1992
Box   455
Folder   51
Gene Therapy in the Treatment of Disease, 1993
Box   534
Folder   20
Genes of Primary Immunodeficiency, 1996
Box   384
Folder   2
Graduate Medical Education Directory, 1993
Box   520
Folder   10
Great Lakes Resident Education Program: Allergy and Immunology for Residents in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, 1999
Box   384
Folder   3
Immunologic Tolerance for Immune System Mediated Diseases, 1997
Box   461
Folder   8
Immunology for the Allied Health Professional, 1991
Box   403
Folder  
Immunology Update, 1982
Note: Includes audio cassette
Box   447
Folder   8
Immunopharmacological Update, 1990
Box   455
Folder   52
Immunosuppression in the Treatment of Disease, 1992
Intensive Review in Allergy and Immunology
Box   456
Folder   1-2
1993
Box   384
Folder   4
1994
Intensive Review of Adult and Pediatric Allergy
Box   384
Folder   6
1987
Box   384
Folder   5
1989
Box   384
Folder   7
1991
Box   456
Folder   4
1993
Intensive Review of Adult and Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Box   471
Folder   8
1993
Box   517
Folder   4
1995
Box   385
Folder   1-2
1997
Box   526
Folder   12
1999
Box   456
Folder   3
2001
International Conference on Health Care Delivery for Asthma
Box   461
Folder   9
Flyer, 2001
Box   473
Folder   11
Program, 2002
Box   385
Folder   3
International Directory of Residencies and Fellowships for Allergy Training, undated
Box   671
Folder   6
Lloyd Crawford Symposium on Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1995 July
Box   495
Folder   3
Louisiana Allergy Society, Annual Meeting Syllabus, 1996
Managed Care Focus Series
Box   385
Folder   5
Defining Disease Management in Asthma and Allergy, 1997
Box   385
Folder   6
Getting Up to Speed, 1997
Box   385
Folder   7
Improving Allergy and Asthma Care through Outcomes Management, 1997
Box   385
Folder   8
Managed Care Institute, Strategies for the Allergist in Managed Care, 1997
Box   385
Folder   9
Practice Management Dinner Workshop, Maintaining Ethical Standards in a Changing Health Care Environment, 1996
Box   385
Folder   10
Practice Review Guide, 1997
Box   456
Folder   5
Management and Marketing for Allergy Fellows, 1995
Mast Cell Activation Symptomatology, 2008
DVD   52

Access Restrictions: The original DVD is restricted; users must use network access copy available in the Archives.
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  Education Videos\

Physical Description: 1 disc image (1 GB) 
Box   447
Folder   9
Medical Administrative Assistant's Course, Booklet, 1992
Box   517
Folder   33
Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program, Third Edition, 2003
Box   532
Binder  
National Asthma Training Curriculum, Workshop Presentation, 2002
National Resident Education Program
Box   526
Folder   11
Annual Meeting, 2004
Box   385
Folder   11
Brochure, 1999, 2001
Box   520
Folder   2
Heartland Resident Education Conference in Allergy and Immunology, 1999
Box   520
Folder   3
Northeast Resident Education Program, 2000
Box   520
Folder   8
Third Annual Primary Care Residents Conference, 1999
Box   456
Folder   6
New Advances in Asthma, Allergy and AIDS, Brochure, 1991
Box   512
Folder   9
New Approaches in the Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria and Angioedema, Teaching Slides, 2000
Physical Description: Slides (35 mm) 
Box   534
Folder   1
New Challenges in Allergy and Asthma, 2005
Box   475
Folder   7
New E&M Procedure Codes: Getting Ready for the Change, 1992
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  Novel Therapies in Allergic Disease\
Novel Therapies in Allergic Disease, 2000
Physical Description: 99 digital files (602 MB) 
Box   474
Folder   1
Occupational Asthma: In and Out of the Workplace, Program, 1998
Box   540
Folder   40
Optimizing Treatment of Your Allergic Patients, 2006
Box   474
Folder   2
Outpatient Management of the Child with Asthma
Patient-centered Asthma Care Education (PACE)
Box   385
Folder   12
Brochures, 1997-1998, undated
Box   447
Folder   10
Course Information, 1996-1998
Box   543
Folder   59
Slide Presentation, 1997
Pediatric Asthma
Box   385
Folder   13
From Policy to Practice, Fall Conference, 1999
Promoting Best Practice
Box   67
Folder   9
Asthma Education Handouts for Healthcare Professionals, 2003
Box   385
Folder   14
Challenge Grant Request for Proposals, 1998
Box   428
Folder   13
Conference Report, 1998
Box   526
Folder   26
Guide for Managing Asthma in Children, 1999
Box   748
Folder   70
Guide for Managing Asthma in Children, 2004
Box   428
Folder   14
Registry, 1998-1999
Box   385
Folder   15
Spring Conference, 1998
Box   475
Folder   8
Pharmacologic Therapy of Pediatric Asthma, undated
Note: Accompanying audio cassette in box 476
Poster Presentation Reproductions, International Conference, 1995
Box   459
Folder   7-9
nos. 1-300
Box   460
Folder   1-4
nos. 308-996
Box   447
Folder   11
Postgraduate Course Program, 1958, 1961, 1964
Postgraduate Education Course
Box   461
Folder   10
Syllabus, 1990
Box   456
Folder   7-8 
Outlines, 1993
Box   447
Folder   12
Postgraduate Review Course in Allergy/Immunology for Update, Certification or Re-Certification, 1989
Box   456
Folder   9
Post International Symposium on Allergic and Immunologic Disorders of Children and Young Adults, 1991
Box   385
Folder   16
Practical Guide for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, 1997, 1999
Box   512
Folder   3
Practical Guidelines: Allergy, Asthma, and Related Diseases Symposium, 1998
Box   684
Folder   3
Practice Management: Resource Guide for New Allergists, 2001/2007
Practice Management Workshop
Box   671
Folder   7-9
1994 Spring & Fall, 1995 February
Box   512
Folder   7
2004-2005, 2008
Box   456
Folder   10
Problem of the "Sick" Building-Facts and Implication, 1992
Box   684
Folder   4
Promoting Your Practice Tool Kit, 2007
Box   447
Folder   14
Reading List, Board Examination in Allergy and Immunology, 1989
Box   447
Folder   15
Research Grants, 2000
Box   447
Folder   16
Respiratory Diseases Research Award, 1997-1998
Box   456
Folder   11
Rhinitis and Sinusitis, Controversies and Treatments Teleconference, 1993
Rhinitis Education And Care Training (REACT)
Box   385
Folder   17
1996-1997, undated
Box   456
Folder   12
Binder, 1996
Box   447
Folder   17
Quick Reference Cards, 1996
Box   520
Folder   5
Role of Eosinphils in Asthma, 1993
Box   526
Folder   9
Role of Infectious Agents in Chronic Diseases, 1999
Box   386
Folder   1
Role of the Trained Allergist and Clinical Immunologist in Cost Effective Patient Care, undated
Scientific and Educational Grant Opportunities
Box   447
Folder   18
1994-1997
Box   428
Folder   17
1997-1998
Box   502
Folder   9
Self-Assessment Program Collated Review Articles, and Accompanying Questions and Answers, 1983-1984
Box   447
Folder   19-20
Sinusitis Symposium, Papers Presented, 1992
Box   456
Folder   13
Sixth Annual Overview of Allergy and Immunology: Problems for Pediatricians and Primary Care Physicians, 1992
Box   520
Folder   9
Southeast Resident Education Program, 1999
Box   456
Folder   14
Southwest Allergy Forum, 1991, 1995
Box   428
Folder   18
Sponsorship Directory, Scientific and Educational Programs, 1998-1999
Box   447
Folder   21-22
Spring Allergy Update, Correspondence, 1990-1991
Box   386
Folder   2
Spring Allergy Update/Allergy Update, 1990-1993
Box   671
Folder   10
Strategic Training in Allergy Research (STAR), 2006
Box   447
Folder   23
Summer Fellowship Grant, 1988
Box   543
Folder   58
TAIS Primary Care Residents Conference, 1997
Box   386
Folder   3
Task Force on Allergic Disorders, Raising the Standard of Care for Patients with Allergic Disorders, 1998, undated
Teaching Slide Series
Box   418
Volume 1, undated
Box   512
Folder   4-5
Volume 2, undated
Box   418
Volume 3, [1992]
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  Teaching Slide Series\
  Asthma in Pregnancy 2000\
Asthma in Pregnancy, 2000
Physical Description: 1 digital file (115 KB) 
Box   684
Folder   5
Differential Diagnosis of Non-Infectious Non-Allergenic Rhinitis, 2000
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  Teaching Slide Series\
  Atopic Dermatitis 2000\
Recognizing and Managing Atopic Dermatitis, 2000
Physical Description: 1 digital file (1.74 MB) 
Box   441
'Tis the Season for Kleenex, Poster, undated
Box   463
Folder   12
Towards the New Millennium: Allergic and Non-Allergic Rhinitis, 1993
Training Program Directors
Box   386
Folder   5
Brochure, undated
Reading List
Box   386
Folder   6
1990-1997
Box   537
Folder   1
1999
Box   472
Folder   3
Transpacific Allergy and Immunology Society, Meeting Program, 1998
Box   386
Folder   8
Understanding and Managing Asthma: Update for the Managed Care Environment, 1995-1996, undated
Physical Description: Includes slides 
Box   386
Folder   9
Update in Clinical Allergy, 1979
Box   447
Folder   25
Update on Allergy and Immunology, 1989
Box   474
Folder   3
Use and Abuse of Immune Globulin (Gamma Globulin), 1986
Box   386
Folder   10
Vaccines: New Approaches and Concepts, 1994
Electronic Folder  
  \8. Continuing Medical Education\
  2003 Webinars\
Webinars, 2003
Physical Description: 1 disc image (82.0 MB) 
Box   386
Folder   11
World Allergy Forum, 1999-2000
World Asthma Meeting
Box   386
Folder   12
1998
Box   459
Folder   4
2001
Box   526
Folder   13
Year-Round Allergy Management, 1996