Summary Information
Busch-Sulzer Brothers Diesel Engine Company Records
1895-1946
- Busch-Sulzer Brothers Diesel Engine Company
Mss 99
14.2 c.f. (40 archives boxes)
Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)
Records of Busch-Sulzer Brothers, a St. Louis, Missouri manufacturing firm which produced diesel engines. Founded by beer magnate Adolphus Busch as the Diesel Motor Company of America, 1898-1901, then the American Diesel Engine Company, 1901-1911, this firm was the first to manufacture diesel engines in the United States under the patent of German scientist Dr. Rudolph Diesel. In 1911, the company merged with the Sulzer Brothers Diesel Engine Company, a Swiss manufacturer. The records include correspondence, reports, blueprints, drawings, and legal records documenting the early development of the diesel engine, improvement of the locomotive engine, submarine engine production during World War I, engine production during World War II, and general industrial manufacturing; financial records documenting assets and liabilities, production costs, and engine orders; and corporate records including minutes of Board of Directors and stockholder meetings. Also of interest is one folder relating to the company's relations with labor during the 1920s and data on employee wages and working conditions, advertising publications, and operating handbooks.
English
http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-mss00099 ↑ Bookmark this ↑
Biography/History
The origins of the Busch-Sulzer Brothers Diesel Engine Company, the first firm to manufacture diesel engines in the United States, lie in the entrepreneurial activities of the St. Louis, Missouri, beer magnate, Adolphus Busch. Like many other late 19th century industrialists who sought “horizontal integration,” Busch began to expand his manufacturing interests in order to control the range of manufactures upon which his breweries were dependent. Thus inclined, he quickly perceived the commercial value of the new internal combustion engine invented by the German scientist, Dr. Rudolf Diesel, which burned cheap, liquid fuel under high cylinder pressure. After seeking the advice of an engineer, Edward D. Meier, Busch purchased exclusive rights for the U.S. patent in 1897, even before Diesel had perfected a working model.
In 1898 Busch set up a corporation, the Diesel Motor Company of America, and assigned his patent rights to it. This firm was planned as a licensing, not a manufacturing, firm which would operate by selling licenses to independent machine shops and then selling the completed engines. By adapting the German design to American production conditions, Busch engineers completed the first successful commercial diesel engine in 1898, which was then installed in the Anheuser-Busch brewery in St. Louis.
Unfortunately this engine failed in 1900, ruining the Diesel Motor Company of America in the process, and in 1901 Busch formed the American Diesel Engine Company from old stock and new capital. Still conceived of as a licensing firm, the company completed an improved design in 1902. These engines were simple, four cycle trunk piston, stationary engines, but they became noted for their reliability. By 1909, 157 engines had been manufactured.
Yet, despite the operating success of the engine, the American Diesel Engine Company was not financially profitable. This seems to have been due to the depression of 1907-1908, dissension among the company leadership, and expensive and wasteful experimentation required by the European agreement.
In 1908 financial problems became such that Busch purchased the company assets, and until January, 1911, operated the firm in receivership as Adolphus Busch, Purchaser of the American Diesel Engine Company. With the expectation of competition after the expiration of his exclusive diesel patents in 1909, Busch began negotiations with Diesel and the Sulzer Brothers Diesel Engine Company, Wintherthur, Switzerland, another Diesel patent holder. Their agreement was completed on April 19, 1911, and evidences Busch's interest in international business consolidation. By this agreement, which lasted until 1926 without royalties or fees, the Swiss firm contributed their greater engineering development on the diesel engine, while the American firm contributed manufacturing experience, equipment, and financial support. Combining these two influences, a new design was perfected and put into production after the completion of Busch-Sulzer's factory in 1913.
As expected, the expiration of the monopoly on the patent rights meant the rise of competing firms which relegated the Busch-Sulzer firm to the status of a small specialized manufacturing company. Only with the acquisition of marine engine contracts during World War I did Busch-Sulzer achieve prosperity. The manufacture of the submarine engines was regarded as a risky venture, but Busch-Sulzer successfully carried out the project and between 1915 and 1917 produced 72 U-1, U-2, and U-3 submarine engines. This type of production monopolized the firm's business to such an extent during the war that it virtually ceased production of stationary engines.
After the war, the firm attempted to return to the production of stationary engines, although a number of submarine engines were manufactured for the Navy in 1920, and for the United States Shipping Board in 1924 and 1925. The firm's marine engine experimentation during the war apparently had destroyed whatever pre-war prominence the firm possessed in building stationary engines. Struggling to maintain financial independence of government contracts, the company was prosperous only from 1926 to 1928. During the 1920s successful experimentation on an airless injection engine and on a two cycle engine was carried out. The same period also saw an improved locomotive engine put into production. During World War II, Busch-Sulzer received a number of contracts with the War Department for the production of engines of mine sweepers and army tugs.
From 1911 to 1946 the management of the firm changed from the personal leadership of the owner-entrepreneur to the professional management of the modern corporation. Adolphus Busch, Meier, and Diesel died within six months of each other in 1913. Until 1929, James Harris, General Manager, controlled the firm for August Busch. He was succeeded by Edward B. Pollister, who was succeeded in turn by N. H. Schwenk in 1944. In 1946 the firm, which had suffered throughout its history as secondary to the other Anheuser-Busch interests, was sold to the Nordberg Manufacturing Company of St. Louis. After a short period of production, the Busch-Sulzer designs were found to be obsolete and the division was closed.
Scope and Content Note
This collection comprises the business archives of the Busch-Sulzer Bros. Diesel Engine Companies and is divided into three series. These correspond with the major divisions in the company's history--the Diesel Motor Company of America from 1898 to 1901, the American Diesel Engine Company from 1901 to 1911, and the Busch-Sulzer Bros. Diesel Engine Company from 1911 to 1946. Records of the last-named form the bulk of the collection.
The Diesel Motor Company of America (1898-1901) series includes correspondence, reports, blueprints, and drawings, legal documents, and corporate records. The largest portion of this series is composed of reports on the development of the early diesel engine. In addition, the series includes extracts of correspondence between Adolphus Busch, E. D. Meier, and Rudolph Diesel pertaining to their original agreement, a small number of legal documents, and a form letter to the stockholders.
The American Diesel Engine Company (1901-1911) series includes correspondence, financial records, reports, blueprints and drawings, clippings, legal documents, and corporate records. The majority of the correspondence, which is concentrated from 1907 to 1911, deals with company business, although there are a few scattered letters of a personal nature. The chief correspondents for this period are Adolphus and August Busch, E. D. Meier and James R. Harris. The financial records in this series include an appraisal inventory of company holdings, reports of assets and liabilities, tables of production costs, and engine order forms.
The legal documents are comprised of licenses and certificates, papers relating to patenting the Diesel engines, and contracts and other legal papers leading to the first Busch-Sulzer agreement of 1910. The minutes of a few meetings of the Board of Directors comprise the corporate records. This series also includes the bankruptcy papers and file compiled by James Wilkie, during the period of the company's receivership, 1908 to 1911.
The Busch-Sulzer Bros. Diesel Engine Company (1911-1946) series is composed of correspondence, reports, clippings, publications, labor relations files, blueprints and drawings, financial records, legal documents, and corporate records. The correspondence, which deals primarily with business matters, treats such topics as the establishment of working relations between Busch and the Sulzer Bros., improvements in the locomotive engine during the 1920s, submarine development during World War I and the 1920s (including a letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt, February 13, 1917) and refinements in the diesel principle. Other topics of interest which are treated more briefly include attempts at Anheurser-Busch soft drink production during Prohibition, the Diesel Engine Manufacturers Association, and papers on the Midwest Trade Association's interest in the merchant marine. Chief correspondents include Adolphus and August Busch, Meier, Harris and E. B. Pollister, Max Rotter, and George D. Pogue. Developments in the diesel engine are also documented by the section on specifications and blueprints and drawings.
The corporate records include the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors from 1911 to 1943 and the minutes and profit statements for the annual stockholders meetings for the same period.
A single folder documents the company's relations with labor during the 1920s. In addition, data on employee wages and working conditions can be found here.
Topics upon which reports were made to the company include engine production and special reports on such matters as the World War II navy contract and production efficiency. Other reports are filed under the title of the authoring officer, i.e. president, general manager. The report on factory construction includes a detailed photographic study of factory construction during the early part of the century.
The financial records are comprised of reports of assets and liabilities from 1911 to 1943, tabulations of production and building costs, a detailed inventory of company assets in 1925, engine order forms (1911-1934), and receipts, official forms, and computation sheets for various federal, state, and city taxes.
The legal documents include licenses and certificates and documents relating to the Busch-Sulzer agreement from 1911 to 1926. The collection also contains the advertising publications and operating handbooks printed by Busch-Sulzer Diesel and material published by firms with which the company dealt. Applications of the diesel engine are documented by a newspaper file maintained during the 1920s and 1930s. The miscellaneous material is comprised chiefly of advertising and public relations materials sent to the firm by such groups as the National Association of Manufacturers, the National Shipping Board, and the Midwest Trade Association.
Administrative/Restriction Information
After the Nordberg Manufacturing Company acquired ownership of the Busch-Sulzer Bros. Diesel Engine Company in 1946, the archives of Busch-Sulzer Diesel were stored in a basement vault of the Nordberg Company's St. Louis plant. In 1960 Richard Lytle, a graduate student at Washington University reorganized the records as part of a historical project at Nordberg. In 1963 the St. Louis division was closed and the records were moved to the Nordberg office in Milwaukee.
Presented by the Nordberg Company via Mrs. Robert E. Friend, March 26, 1970.
Processed by Carolyn Mattern and Eleanor Nieman, June 11, 1970.
Contents List
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Series: Diesel Motor Company of America, 1898-1901
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Box
1
Folder
1
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Company histories, 1962, undated
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Box
1
Folder
2
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Correspondence, extracts, 1898, March - 1900, Sept.
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Box
1
Folder
3
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Corporate records, 1901, Oct.
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Box
2
Folder
1
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Legal documents, 1895, April - 1901, Dec.
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Reports, Diesel engine development
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Box
2
Folder
2
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1895, June - 1898, July
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Box
2
Folder
3
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1898, Aug. - 1901, March
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Box
2
Folder
4
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Blueprints and drawings, 1898-1899
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Series: American Diesel Engine Company, 1901-1911
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Correspondence
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Box
3
Folder
1
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1903, April - 1904, Jan.
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Box
3
Folder
2
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1905, Oct. - 1906, Dec.
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Box
3
Folder
3
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1907, Jan. - 1908, Sept.
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Box
3
Folder
4
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1908, Oct. - 1909, Feb.
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Box
3
Folder
5
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1909, March - May
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Box
3
Folder
6
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1909, June - Nov.
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Box
3
Folder
7
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1909, Nov. - 1910, March
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Box
4
Folder
1
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1910, April - Sept.
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Box
4
Folder
2
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1910, Sept. - 1911, Jan.
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Box
5
Folder
1
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Corporate records, 1903, June - 1911, May
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Box
5
Folder
2
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Reports, Diesel engine development, 1902, March - 1909, Aug.
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Box
5
Folder
3
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Reports, charts, circa 1906
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Box
5
Folder
4
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Blueprints and drawings, 1901-1908
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Box
5
Folder
5
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Clippings, 1903-1904
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Box
5
Folder
6
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Publications, circa 1907, 1909
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Financial records
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Inventory appraisal
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Box
5
Folder
7
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1908, Dec.; 1909, April
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Box
5
Folder
8
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1909, July
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Reports, assets and liabilities
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Box
5
Folder
9
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1905, Feb.; 1908, Jan. - Nov.
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Box
5
Folder
10
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1909, May - 1911, March
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Box
5
Folder
11
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Tables, 1909, May - 1911, March
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Box
5
Folder
12
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Orders, circa 1905-1907
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Legal documents
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Box
5
Folder
13
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Licenses and certificates, 1902
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Box
5
Folder
14
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Patents, 1907, July - Dec., undated
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Contracts
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Box
6
Folder
1
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1902, Jan. - 1909, Nov.
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Box
6
Folder
2
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1910, July - 1911, Jan.
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Receivership Reference File
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Box
6
Folder
3
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Undated
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Box
6
Folder
4
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1909, Jan. - Dec.
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Series: Busch-Sulzer Bros. Diesel Engine Company, 1911-1946
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Correspondence
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Box
7
Folder
1
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1911, Feb.
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Box
7
Folder
2
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1911, March - April
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Box
7
Folder
3
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1911, May
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Box
7
Folder
4
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1911, June 1-15
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Box
7
Folder
5
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1911, June 15-30
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Box
7
Folder
6
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1911, July - Aug.
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Box
7
Folder
7
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1911, Sept. - Nov.
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Box
8
Folder
1
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1911, Nov. - 1912, Jan.
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Box
8
Folder
2
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1912, Feb. - April
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Box
8
Folder
3
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1912, May - June
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Box
8
Folder
4
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1912, July
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Box
8
Folder
5
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1912, Aug. - Oct.
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Box
8
Folder
6
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1912, Nov. - Dec.
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Box
8
Folder
7
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1913, Jan. - Feb.
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Box
9
Folder
1
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1913, March - May
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Box
9
Folder
2
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1913, June - Dec.
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Box
9
Folder
3
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1914, Jan. - May
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Box
9
Folder
4
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1914, June - Oct.
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Box
9
Folder
5
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1914, Nov. - 1915, June
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Box
9
Folder
6
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1915, July - Dec.
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Box
9
Folder
7
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1916, Jan. - Sept.
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Box
10
Folder
1
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1916, Oct. - Dec.
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Box
10
Folder
2
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1917, Jan. - Dec.
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Box
10
Folder
3
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1918, Jan. - Dec.
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Box
10
Folder
4
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1919, Jan. - Dec.
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Box
10
Folder
5
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1920, Jan. - Dec.
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Box
11
Folder
1
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1921, Jan. - July
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Box
11
Folder
2
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1921, Aug. - Dec.
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Box
11
Folder
3
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1922, Jan. - Dec.
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Box
11
Folder
4
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1923, Feb. - 1924, May
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Box
11
Folder
5
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1924, June - July
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Box
11
Folder
6
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1924, Aug. - Dec.
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Box
12
Folder
1
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1925, Jan. - Dec.
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Box
12
Folder
2
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1926, Jan. - Feb.
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Box
12
Folder
3
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1926, March - April
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Box
12
Folder
4
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1926, May - July
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Box
12
Folder
5
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1926, July - Nov.
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Box
12
Folder
6
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1926, Nov. - 1927, Jan.
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Box
12
Folder
7
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1927, Feb. - May
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Box
13
Folder
1
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1927, June - Nov.
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Box
13
Folder
2
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1927, Nov. - 1928, Feb.
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Box
13
Folder
3
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1928, March
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Box
13
Folder
4
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1928, June - Sept.
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Box
13
Folder
5
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1928, Oct. - 1929, Jan.
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Box
13
Folder
6
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1929, Feb. - April
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Box
13
Folder
7
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1929, May - June
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Box
14
Folder
1
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1929, July - Aug. 15
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Box
14
Folder
2
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1929, Aug. 16 - Sept.
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Box
14
Folder
3
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1929, Oct. - Dec. 15
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Box
14
Folder
4
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1929, Dec. 17 - 1930, March
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Box
14
Folder
5
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1930, March - May
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Box
14
Folder
6
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1930, June - July
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Box
15
Folder
1
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1930, Aug. - Oct.
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Box
15
Folder
2
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1930, Nov. - Dec.
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Box
15
Folder
3
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1931, Jan. - May
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Box
15
Folder
4
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1931, June - 1932, Dec.
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Box
15
Folder
5
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1933, Feb. - June; 1935, Jan. - 1936, April; 1939, Jan. - 1943, July; 1946, Jan. - 1947, May
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Box
15
Folder
6
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Blueprints and drawings, 1911-1942, undated
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Specifications
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Box
15
Folder
7
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1911, April, July
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Box
15
Folder
8
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1911, Aug.; 1913, Jan., Aug., Oct.
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Corporate Records
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Board of Directors
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Box
16
Folder
1
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1911, Jan. - 1912, May
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Box
16
Folder
2
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1918, Jan. - 1919, Dec.
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Box
16
Folder
3
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1920, Jan. - 1923, July
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Box
16
Folder
4
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1929, Feb. - 1935, Dec.
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Box
16
Folder
5
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1938, April - 1943, March
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Box
16
Folder
6
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Executive Committee, 1929, Feb. - 1942, Dec.
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Form letters
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Box
17
Folder
1
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1911, April - 1917, Sept.; 1929, Jan. - 1930, Dec.
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Box
17
Folder
2
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1931, Feb. - 1934, Dec.
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Box
17
Folder
3
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1935, Feb. - 1943, July
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Stockholders
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Box
17
Folder
4
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1912, Feb. - 1917, Feb.
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Box
17
Folder
5
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1918, Feb. - 1921, Feb.
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Box
17
Folder
6
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1922, Feb.
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Box
17
Folder
7
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1923, Feb.
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Box
17
Folder
8
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1924, Feb.
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Box
18
Folder
1
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1929, Feb., March; 1930, Feb.
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Box
18
Folder
2
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1931, Feb.; 1932, Feb.; 1933, Feb.
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Box
18
Folder
3
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1934, Feb.; 1935, Feb.; 1936, Feb.
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Box
18
Folder
4
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1937, Feb.; 1938, Feb.; 1939, Feb.
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Box
18
Folder
5
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1940, Feb.; 1941, Feb., Nov.
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Box
18
Folder
6
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1942, Feb.; 1943, Feb.
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Box
18
Folder
7
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Labor relations, 1925, Jan. - 1930, Jan.
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Reports
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Box
19
Folder
1
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Construction, 1918, June
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Photographs
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Box
19
Folder
2
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1912, March - Aug.
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Box
19
Folder
3
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1912, Aug. - 1913, Jan.
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Box
19
Folder
4
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1913, Jan. - May
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Box
19
Folder
5
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General Manager, 1926, July, Oct.; 1928, Dec.
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President
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Box
19
Folder
6
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1936, Oct.; 1941, March - 1942, June
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Box
19
Folder
7
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1942, July - 1943, Feb.
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Box
20
Folder
1
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1943, March - July
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Box
20
Folder
2
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Production charts, circa 1925
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Special
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Box
20
Folder
3
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1913, Jan.; 1922, Feb.; 1930, Oct.; 1939, May
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Box
20
Folder
4
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1942, Dec.; 1943, May, undated
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Financial records
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Reports of Assets and Liabilities
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Box
21
Folder
1
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1911, Feb. - Oct.
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Box
21
Folder
2
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1911, Nov. - Dec.
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Box
21
Folder
3
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1912, Jan. - Aug.
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Box
21
Folder
4
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1912, Aug. - Dec.
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Box
21
Folder
5
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1912, Dec. 21
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Box
21
Folder
6
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1913, Jan. - Aug.
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Box
22
Folder
1
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1913, Sept.-Dec.
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Box
22
Folder
2
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1914, Jan. - July
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Box
22
Folder
3
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1914, Aug. - Nov.
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Box
22
Folder
4
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1914, Dec.
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Box
22
Folder
5
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1915, Jan. - June
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Box
22
Folder
6
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1915, July - Oct.
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Box
23
Folder
1
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1915, Nov. - Dec.
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Box
23
Folder
2
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1916, Jan. - May
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Box
23
Folder
3
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1916, June - Oct.
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Box
23
Folder
4
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1916, Nov. - Dec.
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Box
23
Folder
5
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1917, Jan. - April
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Box
24
Folder
1
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1917, May - Sept.
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Box
24
Folder
2
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1917, Oct. - Dec.
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Box
24
Folder
3
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1918, Jan. - Feb.
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Box
24
Folder
4
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1918, March - June
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Box
24
Folder
5
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1918, July - Oct.
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Box
25
Folder
1
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1918, Nov. - 1919, March
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Box
25
Folder
2
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1919, April - July
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Box
25
Folder
3
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1919, Aug. - Dec.
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Box
25
Folder
4
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1919, Nov. - 1920, Jan.
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Box
25
Folder
5
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1920, Jan. - Dec.
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Box
26
Folder
1
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1922, Jan. - 1923, Dec.
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Box
26
Folder
2
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1924, Jan. - 1925, Dec.
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Box
26
Folder
3
|
1926, Jan. - 1927, Dec.
|
|
|
Box
26
Folder
4
|
1928, Jan. - 1929, March
|
|
|
Box
26
Folder
5
|
1929, May - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
27
Folder
1
|
1930, April, May, July, Sept.
|
|
|
Box
27
Folder
2
|
1930, Oct. - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
27
Folder
3
|
1931, Jan. - April
|
|
|
Box
27
Folder
4
|
1931, July - Oct.
|
|
|
Box
27
Folder
5
|
1931, Oct. - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
27
Folder
6
|
1932, Jan. - March
|
|
|
Box
28
Folder
1
|
1932, April - July
|
|
|
Box
28
Folder
2
|
1932, Aug. - Nov.
|
|
|
Box
28
Folder
3
|
1932, Dec. - 1933, Feb.
|
|
|
Box
28
Folder
4
|
1933, March - July
|
|
|
Box
28
Folder
5
|
1933, Aug. - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
28
Folder
6
|
1934, Jan. - April
|
|
|
Box
28
Folder
7
|
1934, May - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
29
Folder
1
|
1935, Jan. - July
|
|
|
Box
29
Folder
2
|
1935, Oct. - 1936, June
|
|
|
Box
29
Folder
3
|
1936, Oct. - 1937, Oct.
|
|
|
Box
29
Folder
4
|
1938, March - Oct.
|
|
|
Box
29
Folder
5
|
1939, April
|
|
|
Box
29
Folder
6
|
1939, May - Oct.
|
|
|
Box
30
Folder
1
|
1939, Dec. - 1940, May-Dec.
|
|
|
Box
30
Folder
2
|
1941, March - July
|
|
|
Box
30
Folder
3
|
1941, Sept. - 1942, Dec.
|
|
|
Box
30
Folder
4
|
1943, Jan. - April
|
|
|
Box
30
Folder
5
|
Reports on Construction, circa 1915
|
|
|
Box
30
Folder
6
|
Miscellaneous Reports, 1912, April
|
|
|
Appraisal Inventories
|
|
|
Box
31
Volume
1
|
1911, Feb.
|
|
|
Box
32
Volume
2
|
1925, Dec.
|
|
|
Box
32
Volume
3
|
1925, Dec.
|
|
|
Box
33
Volume
4
|
1925, Dec.
|
|
|
Box
34
Volume
5
|
1925, Dec.
|
|
|
Box
34
Volume
6
|
1927, Feb.
|
|
|
Orders, reference file
|
|
|
Box
35
Folder
1
|
1911, April - 1916, Dec.
|
|
|
Box
35
Folder
2
|
1911; 1925, Jan. - 1927, Nov.
|
|
|
Box
36
Folder
1
|
1928, April - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
36
Folder
2
|
1929, Jan. - May
|
|
|
Box
36
Folder
3
|
1929, May - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
36
Folder
4
|
1929, Dec. - 1930, June
|
|
|
Box
36
Folder
5
|
1930, July - Dec.
|
|
|
Box
36
Folder
6
|
1930, Dec. - 1931, July
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
1
|
1931, July - 1932, Feb.
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
2
|
1932, Feb. - Nov.
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
3
|
1933, May - 1934, Dec.
|
|
|
Taxes
|
|
|
Federal and State
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
4
|
1911-1916
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
5
|
1917-1919
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
6
|
State and income reports, 1911-1919
|
|
|
City property
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
7
|
1912-1925
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
8
|
1926-1946
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
9
|
Miscellaneous state fees, 1942-1945
|
|
|
Box
37
Folder
10
|
Miscellaneous materials, undated
|
|
|
Legal documents
|
|
|
Box
38
Folder
1
|
Licenses and certificates, 1919, March-1947, March
|
|
|
Busch-Sulzer agreements
|
|
|
Box
38
Folder
2
|
1911, Feb. - April
|
|
|
Box
38
Folder
3
|
1911, May-1926, Dec., undated
|
|
|
Publications
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
1
|
1909-1911; 1913
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
2
|
1915; 1924; 1927
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
3
|
1929; 1942, undated
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
4
|
Undated
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
5
|
Publications, related pamphlets, undated
|
|
|
Clippings
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
6
|
1921; 1925; 1926-1927
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
7
|
1928
|
|
|
Box
39
Folder
8
|
1929
|
|
|
Box
40
Folder
1
|
1930
|
|
|
Box
40
Folder
2
|
1931-1932; 1935
|
|
|
Miscellaneous materials
|
|
|
Box
40
Folder
3
|
1920-1930
|
|
|
Box
40
Folder
4-5
|
Undated
|
|
|
