Gerald S. Craig Papers, 1931-1967


Summary Information
Title: Gerald S. Craig Papers
Inclusive Dates: 1931-1967

Creator:
  • Craig, Gerald S., 1893-
Call Number: Mss 43

Quantity: 9.2 c.f. (23 archives boxes)

Repository:
Archival Locations:
Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)

Abstract:
Papers of Gerald S. Craig, a teacher and author of elementary school science textbooks; including correspondence, memoranda, book manuscripts, notes, articles, speeches, trip itineraries, and biographical notes. The bulk of the correspondence is with teachers, school systems (organized by city and state), co-authors, and editors and others at his publisher, Ginn and Co. There is a small amount of family correspondence describing Craig's trips to Bulgaria and the Soviet Union in 1931. The memoranda focus on exchanges between Craig and his collaborators on five science series for which he served as senior editor. The papers include extensive notes for speeches, class lectures at the Horace Mann School at Columbia and State Teachers College at Troy, Alabama, and for the preparation and promotion of his two most prominent science series, Science Today and Tomorrow and Science for You.

Language: English

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Biography/History

Gerald Spellman Craig, educator and author of science textbooks, was born in Degraff, Ohio, May 6, 1893, and attended grade and high school there. His family later moved to Texas, where he graduated from Baylor University in 1915. For a time he taught high school science in Ballinger, Texas. He served as first sergeant in the American army in France during World War I, and on his return to the United States studied at the University of Pennsylvania from 1919 to 1921, at the same time teaching at the Oak Lane Country Day School. He became an instructor in physical sciences at Bloomsburg Teachers College, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, and taught science education at Pennsylvania State College in the summers. He then was appointed head of the science department in White Plains, New York.

In 1924, Craig became a consultant and instructor in elementary science at Horace Mann School of Columbia University's Teachers College, and during the next three years made an exhaustive analysis of science instruction in elementary schools with a view to setting up a course of study for Horace Mann--one that would also serve as a model for other schools. His research included an examination of many existing courses, interviews with teachers and scientists, questionnaires to children and laymen, and a study of literature in the field including a study of the history of nature study and heimatkunde in this and other countries. The results of his investigations, published as Certain Techniques Used in Developing a Course of Study in Science for the Horace Mann Elementary School, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1927, convinced him of the need for a carefully planned science curriculum for elementary schools, as different from the traditional unorganized observation of objects typical of “nature study” classes.

Out of this study he developed a science curriculum in which there would be both continuity and integration between simple observation and learning in the primary grades and more complicated concepts in the upper grades. Craig's courses of study in elementary science were published by Teachers College in 1927, and Horace Mann School put them into effect. In 1930, the National Society for the Study of Education made him a member of its committee to study and make proposals concerning science in the elementary school, secondary school, and in teacher training institutions. The curriculum recommended by this committee in the Society's Thirty-first Yearbook (1932) has given direction to elementary science teaching for many decades. According to A Half Century of Science and Mathematics Teaching (1950), “...Craig put forth the first real attempt to define a curriculum in science for the elementary school” and “played a very significant role in setting forth the ideas included in” the Forty-sixth Yearbook (1947). The Council for Elementary Science International considered Gerald S. Craig's contributions so significant that its newsletter of February, 1961, referred to him as the “father of elementary science in America.”

In 1927, Gerald Craig received his Ph.D. degree from Columbia, and in 1929 was made Assistant Professor of Natural Science at Teachers College. Early in 1931 he studied science instruction in the schools of England, central Europe, and Russia. He became an associate professor at Columbia in 1934, and a full professor in 1941.

It was to be expected that a teacher who could and did introduce new concepts in science instruction should wish to publish textbooks that would provide the kind of curriculum he envisioned. During the next three decades he and his collaborators, at first chosen chiefly from the Horace Mann staff but later including science classroom teachers and supervisors from various school systems, produced widely-used series of textbooks. All were published by Ginn and Company, and all were designed to develop basic scientific principles in an integrated program of study.

Pathways in Science, a series of six books and teachers' manuals for grades 1 to 6, came out in 1932. In 1940, New Pathways in Science included much new material, especially on conservation, and added a primer. A third series, Our World of Science, published in 1946, added other new units and included books for the 7th and 8th grade also. As Dr. Craig's science series increased in number and content so did his collaborators increase in number; for instance, Science Today and Tomorrow, brought out from 1954 to 1956, utilized the experience and knowledge of ten other science teachers. The final series for which Craig served as senior author was the 1965-1966 edition titled Science for You.

In 1940, Craig first published a professional book on the teaching of science, Science for the Elementary-School Teacher, and thereafter produced four revisions. Following his retirement from Teachers College in 1956, he and Mrs. Craig prepared the fourth and fifth editions. The fifth edition was published in 1966 by Blaisdell Publishing Company, a division of Ginn and Company.

Translations have been made of various Craig publications. For instance, one series was translated into Japanese, two series have had Canadian editions, and one volume was put into Spanish for use in South America. One edition of the professional book was put into Thai, and following World War II the Japanese bought the rights to put the book into Japanese. Other publications have been translated into German. A pamphlet called Science in the Elementary School, in the series, “What Research Says to the Teacher,” sponsored by the Department of Classroom Teachers of the American Research Association of the National Education Association, was translated into Urdu and Arabic.

Dr. Craig pioneered in the selection and use of science equipment for elementary schools and maintained a professional laboratory in science for elementary school personnel at Teachers College. He was the author of numerous articles relating to science instruction and frequently spoke at local and state teachers meetings. His advice was often sought by school systems; for instance, in 1951 he served as consultant for the Cincinnati Public Schools and in 1959-1960 for the Maryland State Department of Education. In addition to contributing to yearbooks of the National Association for the Study of Education, 1932, 1937, and 1947, and of the Elementary School Principals Association, 1953, he was director of natural science field centers in Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Puerto Rico.

His professional affiliations included active participation in national and international organizations. He was president of the National Council of Supervisors of Elementary science in 1931, Science Education, Inc., 1931-1943, and the National Association of Research in Science Teaching, 1935; was secretary of the Conference on Education of Teachers in Science, 1936-1940; and was a member of the New York State Elementary Science Syllabus Committee.

Dr. Craig was married in 1915 to Prudence Bower. They have two children, Lawrence C., a geologist, and Alice Estelle (Mrs. Richard A. Erney). Dr. and Mrs. Craig have lived in Tucson, Arizona, since 1968.

Scope and Content Note

The Gerald S. Craig Papers are organized in three series--Correspondence, Memoranda, and a Subject File--and are arranged in order by months. They are composed of correspondence, memoranda, speeches, articles, and materials used in the preparation of the last two editions of the elementary school series, Science Today and Tomorrow and Science for You, and the last two editions of the professional book, Science for the Elementary-School Teacher.

Correspondence, 1931-1967

Of the twenty-three boxes in the collection, eighteen contain correspondence--correspondence of a general nature, correspondence with other teachers and school systems concerning Craig's books and methods, and correspondence with his publishers and authors.

The general correspondence, 1931-1967, consists of communications with colleagues and with children who had comments or questions, letters of appreciation, plans for professional trips, and organizational activities relating to his work. With the exception of copies of letters from Craig to his children written from Bulgaria and Russia in 1931 and describing conditions he found there, there is no personal family correspondence. The major part of the general correspondence postdates 1950.

As the Craig science series came into use in more and more schools, his correspondence increased with teachers and administrators who used them or considered adoption. His file of these letters (Boxes 2-7), organized by state and then by city, has been kept in approximately the same order in which he used it, with the heaviest correspondence for certain cities being retained in separate folders. These include also correspondence concerning arrangements for Craig to speak at teachers' meetings or to take part in workshops and conferences.

The most revealing segment of the Craig papers is the correspondence that circulated among Craig as the senior author, staff members of Ginn and Company, and authors who collaborated with Craig in writing the various series. Although there are some exchanges with the company and authors during the development of the earlier series, the correspondence mainly covers the period of the fifties and sixties and is concerned with production of the last two series. An examination of the contents list below for boxes 8 to 17 shows the dates and amount of correspondence Craig had with Ginn and Company; i.e., with the authors, who frequently sent Craig copies of correspondence they had with the Company editors; with Ginn and Company's editors concerning writing, policy, and points of view; with executives concerning plans, policy, and marketing; and with Company agents in various cities concerning Craig's visits, adoptions, and teachers' reactions to the books. Craig's own correspondence with editors is filed under Ginn and Company - editors; and correspondence authors had with the editors is filed under Ginn and Company - authors. Box 18 contains correspondence relating to the fifth edition of Science for the Elementary School Teacher, published by Blaisdell in 1966.

Memoranda, 1956-1967

As senior author for the five science series, Craig kept in very close touch with his collaborators, not only by correspondence directly with them or through the Company's editors, but also by circulating “Memos to Authors.” These were at first typed carbons, but came to be mimeographed memos following a definite format in which he kept each author and editor informed of the progress of others, of changes agreed upon, of policy to be followed, and of information in the field of elementary science. Both the correspondence and these “Memos to Authors” give evidence of the care with which each book and its contents was correlated with other books in the science series and was integrated into the elementary curriculum.

Subject File

Because of his reputation as a teacher and as an expert on elementary science curricula, and also due to the wide use of his books, Dr. Craig was constantly sought as a speaker. He spoke to teachers in school systems throughout the country, to district and state associations of teachers, and to foreign groups. Many of his speeches, or ideas and notes for them, are contained in Box 19, as are several manuscripts or reprints of published articles.

Boxes 19 to 21 contain various materials used in the preparation and promotion of the last two book series. Although they lack continuity, it is possible to see how a series and its manuals developed, especially through the years 1948 to 1954.

Among the miscellaneous materials in boxes 21 and 22 are undated notes Dr. Craig used in classes at Teachers College, as well as random notes he sometimes made as ideas relating to science teaching occurred to him. Examples of the manner in which he conducted workshops are contained in folders 3 and 5 of box 22, where a complete stenographic record is filed of the experimental correlated field science course at the State Teachers College, Troy, Alabama, June 4-28, 1940. Although full records of the courses are not found in the collection, science field centers similar to the one at Troy, Alabama were conducted at Lakeville; at Annandale, New York; and at Plymouth, New Hampshire. These field centers, and others in local communities through the country, utilized the activities of other science and educational authorities. Itineraries for many of Dr. Craig's professional trips will be found in Box 22.

Administrative/Restriction Information
Acquisition Information

Presented by Gerald S. Craig, Tucson, Arizona, September 4, 1968.


Processing Information

Processed by Margaret Hafstad, August 14, 1969.


Contents List
Series: Correspondence
Subseries: General
Box   1
Folder   1
1931-1933
Box   1
Folder   2
1950-1955
Box   1
Folder   3
1956
Box   1
Folder   4
1957
Box   1
Folder   5
1958
Box   2
Folder   1
1959
Box   2
Folder   2
1960
Box   2
Folder   3
1961
Box   2
Folder   4
1962
Box   2
Folder   5
1963-1967, undated
Subseries: Schools
Alabama, 1952-1958
Box   2
Folder   6
Miscellaneous
Box   2
Folder   6
Guntersville
Box   2
Folder   6
Mobile
Box   2
Folder   6
Montgomery
Box   2
Folder   6
Tuscaloosa
Arizona, 1949, 1952-1957, 1961
Box   2
Folder   7
Miscellaneous
Box   2
Folder   7
Phoenix
Box   2
Folder   7
Tempe
Box   2
Folder   7
Tucson
Box   2
Folder   8
Arkansas, 1958-1960
California, 1948-1959
Box   3
Folder   1
Miscellaneous
Box   3
Folder   1
Bureau of Elementary Education
Box   3
Folder   2
Los Angeles
Box   3
Folder   2
San Diego
Box   3
Folder   2
San Francisco
Box   3
Folder   2
Whittier College
Colorado, 1948-1960
Box   3
Folder   3
Miscellaneous
Box   3
Folder   3
Denver
Box   3
Folder   3
Grand Junction
Box   3
Folder   3
Greeley
Box   3
Folder   4
Connecticut, 1945-1961, undated
Delaware, 1944-1957
Box   3
Folder   5
Miscellaneous
Box   3
Folder   5
Mt. Pleasant
Box   3
Folder   5
Wilmington
Box   3
Folder   6
Florida, 1950-1955
Georgia, 1947-1962
Box   3
Folder   7
Miscellaneous
Box   3
Folder   7
Atlanta
Box   4
Folder   1
Hawaii, 1957-1963
Illinois, 1946-1958
Box   4
Folder   2
Miscellaneous
Box   4
Folder   2
Chicago
Indiana, 1947-1958
Box   4
Folder   3
Miscellaneous
Box   4
Folder   3
Fort Wayne
Box   4
Folder   3
Gary
Box   4
Folder   3
Indiana University
Box   4
Folder   3
Indianapolis
Box   4
Folder   3
South Bend
Iowa, 1950-1960
Box   4
Folder   4
Miscellaneous
Box   4
Folder   4
Des Moines
Box   4
Folder   5
Kansas, 1950-1959
Box   4
Folder   6
Kentucky, 1950-1957
Box   4
Folder   7
Louisiana, 1946-1958
Box   4
Folder   8
Maine, 1946-1947
Maryland, 1946-1962
Box   4
Folder   9
Miscellaneous
Box   4
Folder   9
Cecil County
Box   4
Folder   9
Frederick
Box   4
Folder   9
Harford County
Box   4
Folder   10
Montgomery County
Box   4
Folder   10
Prince George's County
Box   4
Folder   10
State Department of Education
Box   5
Folder   1
Massachusetts, 1946-1959
Box   5
Folder   2
Michigan, 1948-1959
Box   5
Folder   3
Minnesota, 1949-1954, undated
Box   5
Folder   4
Mississippi, 1951-1959
Missouri, 1946-1961
Box   5
Folder   5
Miscellaneous
Box   5
Folder   5
St. Louis
Box   5
Folder   5
Springfield
Box   5
Folder   6
Nebraska, 1947-1958
New Jersey, 1946-1961
Box   5
Folder   7
Miscellaneous
Box   5
Folder   7
Bridgewater Township, Raritan
Box   5
Folder   8
New Mexico, 1954-1961
New York, 1927, 1934-1959
Box   5
Folder   9
Miscellaneous
Box   5
Folder   9
Glen Falls
Box   5
Folder   9
Great Neck Survey
Box   5
Folder   9
New York Survey
Box   5
Folder   9
Plattsburgh
North Carolina, 1946-1959
Box   5
Folder   10
Miscellaneous
Box   5
Folder   10
Greensboro
Box   5
Folder   10
Raleigh
Box   6
Folder   1
State Department of Public Instruction
Box   6
Folder   2
North Dakota, 1954, 1959
Ohio, 1946-1960
Box   6
Folder   3
Miscellaneous
Box   6
Folder   3
Cincinnati
Box   6
Folder   3
Steubenville
Box   6
Folder   4
Oklahoma, 1953-1958
Box   6
Folder   5
Pennsylvania, 1942-1962
Box   6
Folder   6
Rhode Island, 1951
South Carolina, 1946-1958
Box   6
Folder   7
Miscellaneous
Box   6
Folder   7
Charleston
Box   6
Folder   7
Greenville
Box   6
Folder   8
Tennessee, 1949-1955
Texas, 1932, 1948-1962
Box   6
Folder   9
Miscellaneous
Box   6
Folder   9
Austin
Box   6
Folder   9
Odessa
Box   7
Folder   1
Southern Methodist University
Box   7
Folder   1
Texas Trip, 1959
Box   7
Folder   1
Waco
Box   7
Folder   2
Utah, 1947-1958
Virginia, 1949-1963
Box   7
Folder   3
Miscellaneous
Box   7
Folder   3
Danville
Box   7
Folder   3
Norfolk
Washington, 1949-1961
Box   7
Folder   4
Miscellaneous
Box   7
Folder   4
Seattle
Box   7
Folder   5
Washington, D.C., 1947-1961
Box   7
Folder   6
West Virginia, 1956-1957
Box   7
Folder   7
Wisconsin, 1953, 1957-1958
Box   7
Folder   8
Wyoming, 1946, 1956
Box   7
Folder   9
Foreign - Miscellaneous, 1931; 1948-1961
Box   7
Folder   10
Canada, 1954-1964
Box   7
Folder   11
Philippines, 1952-1962
Box   7
Folder   12
Puerto Rico, 1935-1954
Subseries: Ginn and Co.
Authors
Box   8
Folder   1
1938, May; 1946-1947
Box   8
Folder   2
1948
Box   8
Folder   3
1949
Box   8
Folder   4
1950, January-June
Box   8
Folder   5
1950, July-December
Box   8
Folder   6
1951, January-April
Box   8
Folder   7
1951, May-August
Box   8
Folder   8
1951, September-December
Box   8
Folder   9
1952, January-March
Box   9
Folder   1
1952, April-July
Box   9
Folder   2
1952, August-October
Box   9
Folder   3
1952, November-December
Box   9
Folder   4
1953, January-June
Box   9
Folder   5
1953, July-October
Box   9
Folder   6
1953, November-December
Box   9
Folder   7
1954, January
Box   10
Folder   1
1954, February-June
Box   10
Folder   2
1954, July-December
Box   10
Folder   3
1955, January, March
Box   10
Folder   4
1955, April-December
Box   10
Folder   5
1956
Box   10
Folder   6
1957
Box   11
Folder   1
1958
Box   11
Folder   2
1959
Box   11
Folder   3
1960, January-June
Box   11
Folder   4
1960, July-December
Box   11
Folder   5
1961
Box   12
Folder   1
1962
Box   12
Folder   2
1963
Box   12
Folder   3
1964
Box   12
Folder   4
1965
Box   12
Folder   5
1966
Box   12
Folder   6
1967
Editors
Box   12
Folder   7
1931-1939
Box   12
Folder   8
1940-1945
Box   13
Folder   1
1946-1948
Box   13
Folder   2
1949
Box   13
Folder   3
1950
Box   13
Folder   4
1951
Box   13
Folder   5
1952
Box   13
Folder   6
1953
Box   13
Folder   7
1954
Box   14
Folder   1
1955
Box   14
Folder   2
1956
Box   14
Folder   3
1957-1958
Box   14
Folder   4
1959
Box   14
Folder   5
1960-1962
Box   14
Folder   6
1963-1965
Box   15
Folder   1
1966-1967
Executives
Box   15
Folder   2
1932-1939
Box   15
Folder   3
1940-1941
Box   15
Folder   4
1942-1946
Box   15
Folder   5
1947-1948
Box   15
Folder   6
1949-1950
Box   16
Folder   1
1951-1953
Box   16
Folder   2
1954-1955
Box   16
Folder   3
1956
Box   16
Folder   4
1957
Box   16
Folder   5
1958-1964
Agents
Box   17
Folder   1
1933-1939
Box   17
Folder   2
1940-1942; 1945-1948
Box   17
Folder   3
1950-1953
Box   17
Folder   4
1954-1956
Box   17
Folder   5
1957-1966, undated
Subseries: Blaisdell Publishing Co.
Box   18
Folder   1
1963-1964
Box   18
Folder   2
1965
Box   18
Folder   3
1966-1967
Series: Memoranda
Memos to authors from Craig
Box   18
Folder   4
1956-1960
Box   18
Folder   5
1961
Box   18
Folder   6
1962
Box   18
Folder   7
1963-1967, March 14
Box   18
Folder   8
Bibliographies for use by authors, 1958-1962, undated
Series: Subject File
Articles and speeches
Box   19
Folder   1
1944-1959
Box   19
Folder   2
Undated
Book: Science for the Elementary-School Teacher
Box   19
Folder   3
Preparation, 1959-1963
Box   19
Folder   4
Preparation, undated; Reviews, , 1958-1965
Book Series: Science Today and Tomorrow
Box   19
Folder   5
Letters concerning policy (carbons)
Box   19
Folder   5
Log compiled, March 30, 1952
Box   19
Folder   6
Preparation, Books I, II, 1948-1954
Box   19
Folder   7
Preparation, Books III, IV, V, 1948-1954
Box   20
Folder   1
Preparation, Books VI, VII, VIII, 1948-1954
Box   20
Folder   2
Preparation of Manuals for Books I and VI, 1948-1954
Box   20
Folder   3
Preparation of Manual, Book III, 1948-1954
Box   20
Folder   4
Promotional Kit, 1955
Box   20
Folder   5
(Revision) Preparation, 1958-1960
Book Series: Science for You
Box   20
Folder   6
Preparation of Manual I, 1965
Box   20
Folder   7
Preparation: examples of research done on two topics - electricity and magnetism, 1957-1964
Box   20
Folder   8
Book Series: Preparation, undated; Miscellaneous
Box   21
Folder   1
Books: Promotional materials for Craig's books
Box   21
Folder   2-3
Class notes, mostly undated
Box   22
Folder   1
Class reports by practice teachers observing science classes (some Craig's), 1938-1949
Box   22
Folder   2
Ideas and random notes by Craig relating to science, teaching, and books
Box   22
Folder   3
Correlated science field course, Craig in charge (experiment at the State Teachers College, Troy, Alabama), June 4-28, 1940 (Stenographic record)
Box   22
Folder   4
Professional activities, organizations, and trips (itineraries), 1948-1965; Biographical notes
Box   22
Folder   5
Science workshops: notes, materials, bibliographies
Box   23
Volume   1
Tentative Course of Study in Elementary Science for Grades III and IV, by Gerald S. Craig, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, 1927
Box   23
Volume   2
Tentative Course of Study in Elementary Science for Grades V and VI
Box   23
Volume   3
Certain Techniques Used in Developing a course of Study in Science for the Horace Mann Elementary School, by Gerald S. Craig, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, 1927
Box   23
Volume   4
The Science Classroom: All issues except one, for Sept., 1927 to Oct., 1929 (Articles on elementary science contributed by Gerald S. Craig; in spring binder)
Box   23
Volume   5
“European Study,” 1931 (Manuscript notebook)
Box   23
Volume   6
Science for the Elementary-School Teacher, by Gerald S. Craig, Ginn and Company, New York, New York, 1940
Box   23
Volume   7
Forty-Sixth Yearbook, Part I, Science Education in American Schools, National Society for the Study of Education, University of Chicago Press, 1947
Box   23
Volume   8
“Puerto Rico Study” , [1948] (Manuscript notebook)
Box   23
Volume   9
A Half Century of Teaching Science and Mathematics, Central Association of Science and Mathematics Teachers, Inc., Oak Park, Illinois, 1950
Box   23
Volume   10
Gerald S. Craig: A Man and a Program,Ginn and Company, 1955
Box   23
Volume   11
Ideas and notes, arranged under subject headings and recorded in a 1960 diary
Box   23
Volume   12
“Educational Research Related to Science Instruction for the Elementary and Junior High School: A Review and Commentary,” by Herbert A. Smith [with references to Craig], reprinted from Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Vol. 1, Issue 3, 1963
Box   23
Volume   13
May, 1969, issue of The Science Teacher
Note: Containing on page 20 the announcement of a “Citation for Distinguished Service to Science Education” given to Dr. Craig at the annual banquet of the National Science Teachers Association, Dallas, Texas, March 23, 1969.