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7  LzvU'rH ANNiUAL RzrOr OF THE 
They felt sure that the Lord had instituted a monopoly of 
good butter districts, and that He had granted to a few indi- 
viduals the first and only letters patent. How the butter 
makers of Wisconsin and Iowa shake their sides as they 
read some of the dairy literature of half a century since. 
In 1850, the United States produced, in round numbers, 
313,000,000 pounds of butter and 105,000,000 pounds of cheese. 
The eight factories (not associated) produced $867,000 worth, 
or, say, 670,000 pounds. In 1851, the first associated cheese 
factory was organized; in 1860, the census report recorded 
but two, which employed seven hands, with an invested 
capital of $8,000, using upwards of $9,000 worth of material 
and producing $13,400 worth of products. In this decade 
the butter production had increased 1,500,000 pounds, while 
cheese production had fallen off nearly 2,000,000 of pounds. 
Ten years later, in 1870, there were 1,313 cheese factories, 
which produced nearly $17,000,000 worth of cheese (or, say, 
170,000,000 pounds), which, added to the 53,000,000 made on 
farms, makes a sum total of 223,000,000 pounds, or a gain of 
119,000,000 pounds (over 100 per cent.) over 1860, while the 
production of butter had increased in the same time but 
54,000,000 pounds. In 1850, we produced almost exactly 
three pounds of butter to one of cheese; in 1870, only a little 
over two pounds of butter to one of cheese. 
PRESENT. 
In 1880, the number of gallons of milk sold and sent to 
factories was 529,974,992, divided as follows: Sent to facto- 
ries, 343,490,981 gallons; sold, 186,484,061 gallons. The cheese 
made in factories was 215,885,361 pounds, and that made on 
farms was 27,272,489 pounds; total, 243,157,850 pounds. The 
butter made in factories was 29,421,784 pounds, and on farms 
777,250,287 pounds; total, 806,672,071 pounds. Calling the 
milk sold worth eight cents per gallon on the farm, the 
cheese ten cents and the butter twenty-five cents per pound, 
the account would stand as follows: Value of milk sold, 
$14,918,724; of cheese manufactured, $24,317,785; of butter, 
$201,618,018; total value, $240,854,527. Add to this the value 
of milk consumed on the farm, and also the value of veals 
and pigs raised, and it may be safely stated that the total 
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