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teristics. Iron ores are now worked only at Iron Ridge, in Dodge
county, and at Ironton, in Sauk county, though very extensive
beds are known to exist, and of the very best quality, as at the
Penokee Iron Range, in Ashland county, the Black River Falls,
in Jackson county, as well as at other localities. In the counties
of Grant, Iowa, La Fayette, and portions of Dane and Green, are
found extensive deposits of lead and zinc, and some copper ores.
The annual yield of lead is over half a million dollars in value,
and is about one-eighth of all the lead produced in -the world.
As many as 24,000 tons have been shipped in one year. The
shipment of lead from Mineral Point, in Iowa county, for the
year 1868, was 2,954,000 pounds, Grant and La Fayette counties
supplying the remainder. This lead-producing region being
within the limestone district affords one of those few instances
where both mining and farming can be carried on together.
Quite recently, works have been erected for the reduction of the
ores of zinc, which exist in large quantities, and heretofore
thrown away among the rubbish of the mines; thus another pro-
ductive source of wealth is opened to capital and industry. The
shipment from Mineral Point, in Iowa county, for the year 1868,
was: Zinc ore, 4,484,000 pounds; Oxide of Zinc, 10,214,000
pounds; Zinc Spelter, 630,580 pounds.
   The character of the climate may be judged of from the
 official report of the meteorological officers in the United States
 War Department, for the following places. On the first day of
 December, 1870, the thermometer stood:
                    POINTS.                   ILA. L4 P. YL 11 P.a
 St Paul .85 52 43
 Ccago...36 50 41
 Cleveland..........................................32  48  40
 Wasbington.                                    27 49 6
 New York City .86 47 38
 Boston.                                        5    48   40
    The successful result of the operations of capitalists is proved
  by the manufactories which dot the State even to the borders of
  civilization, and by the railroads which gridiron it even to the
  verge of wilds, where only a few hardy immigrants are cheered