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52    WISCONSIN CHEESE MAKERS' ASSOCIATION
grade, whether whole milk, part skim, or skim, and the factory num-
ber if made in California, or the name of the manufacturer or dis-
tributor if made outside the state.
The factories in California are practically all privately owned, that
is, there are very few cooperatives or very few farmer factories. The
owners usually operate the factories, and consequently very few oper-
ators are employed.
The cheese makers and assistants, as a rule, are hired by the month,
day or hour. As far as I am able to find out, the wages vary from $40
per month, including board and room, to $200 per month, depending
upon the experience of the man and the work that he does.
The higher priced men earn their wages, too. I can cite an example.
I walked into a good sized factory last June at about four P. M., ex-
pecting to see three or four of the boys that the Agricultural College
had placed in that particular plant. I found only the head cheese
maker. The boys had worked their eight hours according to the
N. R. A. and the cheese maker was doing the final clean-up work. He
was classed as an executive on a monthly salary. The trouble may
have been due however, to poor organization of labor on his part.
In summarizing the cheese industry of California, I would say that
a wide variety of cheese is made, in good plants and in poor, in coun-
try and city factories, and under a wide variety of weather conditions.
The state imports more than they make, the per capita consumption
being 8.3 pounds, which includes 2 pounds of cottage. The cottage
cheese industry is highly developed.
Working conditions in many factories are poor, salaries not very
high, and possibilities for cheese makers are not very good at present.
Due to the high price of milk for other products, I believe that the
cheese industry of that state will have to turn, more and more, to the
special varieties of cheese, for which they can command a higher price.
I have enjoyed attending your convention and I should like to give
you a cordial invitation to visit California in 1938 at the time of the
World's Fair at San Francisco, or before, and especially to visit the
Agricultural College at Davis, which is only a short distance from
Sacramento, the state capital. I thank you.
CHEESE ADVERTISING BY THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETS
By W. G. CARLSON
I am very glad to be here. I want to express the appreciation of our
department for the splendid co-operation we have received from the
makers of the state in the distribution of the printed matter we have
been able to prepare for increasing the interest in cheese. I want you
to know that you have done us a big favor and we certainly appre-
ciate it.
Now I am just going to skim over a few of the things we have done.
Whether they have been accomplishments or not you can judge. You