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WISCONSIN STATE ITOBTICrLTURAL SOCIETV.
A SUMMARY UPON ORCHARD SPRAYING EXTENXT'-jN.
J. G. MIL WR.
Wisconsin apple growers still find difficulty in applying
spraying methods in their orchards, for the control of tEl codling
moth and apple scab. To meet this difficulty, the Horticultural
Department of the Experiment Station has for the past tioo
years conducted spraying demonstrations in five counties in the
state. Relative to this work, it is important to emphasize the
following:
First, the work has been done under actual orcharl condi-
tions. Equipment has been selected and methods used such as
would be adapted to commercial and farm orchards in Wiscon-
sin.
Second, careful attention has been given to get an accurate
estimate of the losses due to attacks of the codling moth and
apple scab in unsprayed orchards. A comparison of these re-
sults has been made with results taken from sprayed trees in
the same orchard and upon the same varieties.
Third, the above has been taken as a basis for recommending
spraying as a profitable investment and insurance against at-
tacks of the codling moth and apple scab.
The writer has made estimates of the damage done by the
apple worm both upon single unsprayed trees and upon the col-
lected fruit from unsprayed orchards. These tests have included
largely such varieties as Longfield, Fameuse, McMahon, Wealthy,
Northwestern Greening, Newell's Winter, McIntosh Red, and
Wolf River. A crop of about forty barrels of Northwestern
Greenings taken from twenty trees in Kewaunee county-un-
sprayed in 1909-showed about 95 per cent of apples infested
with the apple worm. The percentage of unsound fruit in this
orchard on Wolf River, Fameuse, Pewaukee ranged from 50 to
95 per cent. During 1908 and 1909, similar tests were made at
Richland Center, Richland county; Baraboo, Sauk county; and
Oshkosh, Winnebago county. The percentage of unsound fruit
on unsprayed trees ranges from 40 to 90 per cent.
Orchard spraying has been done in the orchards where the
above conditions were found. A block of trees from two to five
acres has been sprayed and the percentage of unsound fruit cal-
culated. From 60 barrels of Northwestern Greenings taken from
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