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COMMENTARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION
power over, 341; suggested sanctions
against non-ratifying states, 495; im-
portance of newspapers and post office
to, 567, 569, 577. Seealso Duties; Eco-
nomic conditions under the Confeder-
ation; Merchants; Mississippi River;
Slave trade; Treaties
COMMON LAW, 164, 218n, 240, 258. See
also Judiciary, U.S.
COMPACT THEORY: See Social compact
CONCORD, N.H.. as site of second ses-
sion of N.H. Convention, 180n, 341,
375, 462, 463n, 490
CONFEDERACIES: See Separate confedera-
cies; Union
CONGRESS, CONTINENTAL, 7
CONGRESS UNDER ARTICLES, 114; defi-
ciencies of, 25-26, 81-82, 105, 203,
205, 267, 272n, 334, 360n, 380-81,
385, 494-95, 575; is sent certificate of
Mass. ratification, 69; and French
minister, 81, 83n, 472n; debate over
need of approbation of to adopt Con-
stitution, 90, 282-83; and enforce-
ment of Treaty of Peace, 96, 97n, 324-
25, 326n; inactivity of, 144, 394, 471;
had many powers now in Constitu-
tion, 203; and implementation of new
government, 209-10; and resolution of
calling Constitutional Convention
(Feb. 1787), 227; needed only a few
additional powers, 373-74, 446; states
reject amendments to Articles of Con-
federation granting it additional pow-
ers, 374n; and Ky. statehood, 395,
404, 462; and transmittal of Constitu-
tion to the states, 395n, 438-39, 441n,
515; should not be given all powers in
Constitution, 419; opposition to
strengthening of, 436; and settlement
of accounts of Superintendent of Fi-
nance, 475-76; and dispute over man-
agement of post office, 540n, 540n-
41n, 541n, 551, 556-57, 557n, 562-
66, 567-68, 569n, 570-72, 577, 581,
583, 586, 587, 588, 589, 591, 595
-organization of: vote of nine states
needed on important issues, 13, 24;
attendance of delegates, 81, 83n, 394,
471, 484-85, 533; debate over equal
representation of states in, 110, 442-
43; appointment of delegates, 114; re-
call of delegates to by states, 114;
method of voting in, 484-85
-powers of: taxation, 12, 205-6, 436;
treaties, 24, 325, 326n, 380-81, 485;
extra-legal matters, 67n, 137; foreign
affairs, 114; western lands, 153, 194-
95, 304n; copyrights, 202, 208n
-letter to president of: quoted, 352
-letter to secretary of, 551n-52n
See also Articles of Confederation; Mis-
sissippi River; Requisitions
CONGRESS UNDER CONSTITUTION, DE-
BATE OVER POWERS OF: criticism of, 4-
7, 66n, 72-75, 75, 340, 431; defense
or praise of, 22, 24, 70, 124, 127-28,
203, 381, 433, 503; and amendments
to Constitution, 61n, 212, 365; ex post
facto provision as a check on, 164; ju-
diciary as a check on, 220; to regulate
judiciary's appellate jurisdiction, 328,
331; and post office, 541n-42n. See also
Bicameralism; Civil liberties; House
of Representatives, U.S.; Senate,
U.S.; Separation of powers; Veto
power; Entries for individual topics
CONNECTICUT, 25, 410, 474; ratifies
Constitution, 20, 71, 82, 101, 104,
105, 118, 119, 137, 139, 143, 171,
287, 305, 341, 375, 503, 537; in Con-
stitutional Convention, 41, 416; con-
stitution and government of, 97-98,
149, 326n; population of, 119, 351,
510; acquiescence of Convention mi-
nority of, 137, 143, 522, 539; influ-
ence of its ratification on N.Y., 139;
Sherman-Ellsworth letter to governor
of, 168-69, 169n; commercial domi-
nation of by N.Y., 200; fails to pay
congressional requisitions, 217n, 375,
375n; Federalists in accused of muf-
fling newspapers, 341, 513; Antifeder-
alists in, 351; Federalists in, 351, 375;
state impost of, 368; Federalist litera-
ture in, 466n. See also Hartford; New
Haven; Newspapers; Northern States
CONSTITUTION, U.S.: Preamble to, 68,
74-75, 436, 517-18; printed in Lloyd's
Pa. Convention Debates, 78n; copy sent
to England, 105; copies sent to France,
135; Federalists said to distribute while
Antifederalists withhold it, 426; Con-
stitutional Convention delegates dis-
tribute copies of, 442; in S.C. House
of Representatives, 510
-in metaphors: machine, 96, 332-33;
edifice, 137, 185, 248-49, 455; federal
temple, 179; wedding suit, 209; Pan-
dora's box, 218; many-headed mon-
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