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Hazard, H. W. (ed.) / Volume IV: The art and architecture of the Crusader states
(1977)
VI: The arts in Frankish Greece and Rhodes, pp. 208-250
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Page 209
Ch. VI FRANKISH GREECE 209 the Frankish northern frontier, Boeotia, Attica, the Morea, and some of the islands was there any lasting Frankish settlement. In Con stantinople, Latin emperors ruled for some sixty years, but they left no buildings behind them in the capital. The famous fortifications of the city received no addition, hardly even upkeep, till Michael VIII Palaeologus rewon his capital. In the surrounding country little can now be traced of the castles they erected or rebuilt. Henry of Valenciennes tells us how the emperor, Henry of Flanders, fortified Pamphilon near Adrianople in 1208, impressing workers and masons wherever they could be found and ordering all his men to lend a hand in the work.1 Such rough and ready methods suited the urgency of his campaigns; they did not leave lasting results. Morea (Gennadeion Monographs, 4; Princeton, 1953) is a valuable contribution to the subject, and see W. Muller-Wiener, Castles of the Crusaders, tr. J. M. Brownjohn (London, 1966), pp. 82-85. The Catalan castles have been studied from a historical rather than an archaeological standpoint by A. Rubió i Lluch, "Els Castells catalans de la Grècia continental," Anuari de l'Institut d'estudis catalans, [II] (1908), 364-425; "Atenes en temps dels Catalans," ibid., [I] (1907), 225-254; "La Grècia catalana des de la mort de Roger de Liuria fins a la de Frederic III de Sicilia (1370-1377)," ibid., V-i (1913-1914), 393485; and "La Grecia catalana des de la mort de Frederic III fins a Ia invasió navarresa (1377-1379)," ibid., secció historico-arqueologica, VI (1915-1920), 127-199. See also K. M. Setton, Catalan Domina tion of Athens, 1311-1388 (rev. ed., London, 1975). For general questions see J. Longnon, L ' Empire latin de Constantinople et la principauté de Moree (Bibliothèque historique; Paris, 1949), and an important review of it by A. Bon in Journal des savants, 1951, p. 33. For conditions preceding the crusading period see A. Bon, Le Pèloponnèse byzantin jusqu en 1204 (Bibliothèque byzantine, Etudes, 1; Paris, 1951), and K. M. Setton, "The Archaeology of Medieval Athens," in Essays in Medieval Life and Thought Presented in Honor ofAustin Patterson Evans (New York, 1955), pp. 227-258, and, for the later period, idem, "Catalan Society in Greece in the Fourteenth Century," in Essays in Memory of Basil Laourdas (Thessalonica, 1975), pp. 24 1-284. There are many references to the castles in the numerous accounts of travel in Greece, but the authors were primarily interested in classical remains. The most useful for the medieval period are V. M. Coronelli, Memorie istoriografiche delli regni della Morea, e Negroponte e luoghi adiacenti (Venice, 1686), tr. R. W. as An Historical and Geographical Account of the Morea, Negropont, and the Maritime Places, as far as Thessalonica (London, 1687); O. Dapper, Naukeurige, Beschryving van Morea, eertijts Peloponnesus: en de eilanden onder de kusten van Morea, en binnen en buiten de golf van Venetien: waer onder de voornaemste Korfu, Cefalonia, Sant Maura, Zanten, en andere en grooten getale... (Amsterdam, 1688); F. C. H. L. Pouqueville, Voyage de la Grèce (2nd ed., 6 vols., Paris, 1826); William Gell, Narrative of a Journey in the Morea (London, 1823) and Itinerary of the Morea, being a Description of the Routes of that Peninsula (London, 181 7); Edward Dodwell, A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece during the Years 1801, 1805, and 1806 (2 vols., London, 1819); W. M. Leake, Travels in Morea (3 vols., London, 1830), Travels in Northern Greece (4 vols., London, 1835), and Peloponnesiaca (London, 1846); and E. Curtius, Peleponnesos: Eine historisch-geographische Beschreibung der Halbinsel (2 vols., Gotha, 1851-1852). See also James M. Paton, Chapters on Mediaeval and Renaissance Visitors to Greek Lands, ed. L. A. P. (Gennadeion Monographs, 9; Princeton, 1951), and E. Forbes-Boyd, In Crusader Greece: A Tour of the Castles of the Morea (New York, 1964). 1. Henry of Valenciennes, ed. and tr. N. de Wailly in Geoffrey of Villehardouin,
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