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III 
ECCLESIASTICAL ART 
IN THE CRUSADER STATES 
IN PALESTINE AND SYRIA 
A. Architecture and Sculpture 
 The rediscovery of the monuments of the crusaders has some thing of the
romance of their creation. Some of them had never lacked notice. The main
shrines were continually described by pilgrims, and the piety of the west
was ever eager for news of them. Beginning with the Bordeaux pilgrim who
left a record of his visit in 
 Contemporary accounts of the buildings and cities are found mainly in the
narratives of pilgrims, too numerous to list in detail here; for them see
J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores medii aevi quatuor: Burchardus de Monte
Sion, Ricoldus de Monte Crucis, Odoricus de Foro Julii, Wilbrandus de Oldenborg.
.. (Leipzig, 1864), T. Tobler, ed., Descriptiones Terrae Sanctae ex saeculo
VIII., IX., XII., et XV. (Leipzig, 1874), and R. Röhricht, ed., Bibliotheca
geographica Palaestinae: Chronologisches Verzeichniss der auf die Geographie
des Heiligen Landes bezuglichen Literatur von 333 bis 1878, und Versuch einer
Cartographie (Berlin, 1890). A useful compendium can be found in D. Baldi,
ed., Enchiridion locorum sanctorum (Jerusalem, 1935), and references will
generally be given to that work. Translations of many of the pilgrims' narratives
have been published by the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society and by the Studium
Biblicum Franciscanum in Jerusalem (1941 onward). G. Zuallardo (Johann Zvallart),
Il Devotissimo viaggio di Gierusalemme: 
Fatto, et descritto in sei libri (Rome, 1587), B. Amico, Trattato delle piante
et imagini de i sacri ediflcii di Terra Santa (Rome, 1609; Florence, 1620),
tr. as Plans of the Sacred Edifices of the Holy Land by T. Bellorini and
E. Hoade, with a preface and notes by B. Bagatti (SBF, no. 10; Jerusalem,
1953), and Eugene Roger, La Terre Saincte, ou Description topographique très-particulière
des saincts lieux, et de la terre de prom ission . . . (Paris, 1646: 
particularly valuable for Nazareth) begin a more scientific approach. F.
Quaresmi, Historica, theologica et moralis Terrae Sanctae elucidatio .. .
(2 vols., Antwerp, 1625) was edited by P. Cypriano de Tarvisio (2 vols.,
Venice, 1880-1882); E. Horn (d. 1744), Ichnographiae locorum et monumentorum
veterum Terrae Sanctae, ed. by H. Golubovich (Rome, 1902), has appeared in
a new edition with parallel Latin and English text ed. by E. Hoade and B.
Bagatti (SBF, no. 15; Jerusalem, 1962). George Sandys,A Relation of a Journey
begun An: 
Dom: 1610: Foure Bookes, Containing a Description of the Turkish Empire,
of A Egypt, of the Holy Land, of the Remote Parts of Italy, and Ilands Adjoining
was published in London in 1615 and went through many editions. C. Le Bruyn's
account of his travels was translated into English by W. J. London as A Voyage
to the Levant: or, Travels in the Principal Parts of Asia Minor, the Islands
of Scio, Rhodes, Cyprus, &c., with an Account of the Most 
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