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Carlist Worker Groups in Catalonia, 1900-1923 
defended the right of Carlist workers to belong to the Libres.38 
The coup degraice came after the fall of Primo de Rivera in January 1930,
when Catalan 
Carlism expelled the top Libre leaders from the party. The Libres at this
time resumed publi- 
cation of a weekly journal, La Protesta, that had fleetingly appeared in
1923 as the successor 
of the radical Carlist La Trinchera. Meanwhile, Carlist ex-Librefios resurrected
La Trinchera 
as an official party organ. The paper attacked Primo de Rivera and affirmed
that "we Jaimists 
who formed part of the anti-terrorist reaction before 1923 have nothing to
do with those 
who have adulterated certain organisms [i.e., the Libres] by subjecting them
to the men of 
the dictatorshi"39 Thus Barcelona possessed two weeklies that claimed
to be the legatees of 
radical Carlist obrerismo, one pro-Libre and espafiolista, the other anti-Libre
and Catalanist. 
A measure of the distance between the two can be seen in their attitudes
toward regional- 
ism. While the Carlist heretics of La Protesta were proclaiming the need
to suppress regional 
differences in favor of hispanidad, the official Carlist party elaborated
an autonomy statute 
which granted Catalonia a greater measure of self-government than was even
proposed by 
left republican Catalanists in 1931! Sindicalismo Libre and Carlism, for
many years close al- 
lies, had finally gone their separate ways. 
Notes 
1. Cited in Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain, 1931-1939 (Cambridge:
Cambridge 
University Press, 1975), 79. 
2. Joaquin Romero Maura, La Rosa de Fuego (Barcelona: Grijalbo, 1974), 164-65.
3. F. Argemin, La Bandera Regional, December 23, 1911. 
4. Jose" Montagut, La Bandera Regional, January 22, 1910. 
5. For an overview of the development of the ASP see Colin M. Winston, Workers
and the Right in 
Spain, 1900-1936 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985), chapter 2.
6. El Sindicalista, July 9, 1915; October 15, 1915. 
7. This conclusion is based on a comparison of lists of leaders of the ASP's
Catholic unions with mem- 
bership lists; from Carlist worker centers, both derived from the Barcelona
press, from 1907 to 1917. 
Only 16 out of 160 Catholic unionists can be positively identified as Carlists.
Doubtless the actual 
proportion was somewhat higher, but these figures seem to indicate less than
wholehearted enthusi- 
asm on the part of Carlist workers for Father Palau's unions. 
8. See Winston, 70, for an explanation of the methodology used to arrive
at this estimate. 
9. La Trinchera, October 6, 1912. 
10. Winston, 74. 
11. Josep Maria Junyent Quintana (Carlist party official), interview with
the author. Also, Ramon 
Solsona Cardon, Mi ciudad y yo: Un periodo de historia anecd6tica (Barcelona:
N. Poncell, 1948), 
238-39. 
12. "Lo que pudiera ser en 1914," La Trinchera, July 25, 1912.
13. La Trinchera, July 20, 1913. 
14. Duque de Solferino, La Trinchera,July 25, 1912. 
15. Junyent, interview with the author. 
16. La Trinchera, August 3, 1913. 
17. Blinkhorn, 26. 
18. La Trinchera, February 23, 1913. 
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