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COMMENTARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION
stitution should be adopted and
amended to preserve, 219; praise of
American heritage of, 230; of America
are protected by God, 232; cannot exist
without government, 236; state consti-
tutions protected rights of mankind,
236; as an essential right, 297. See also
Amendments to Constitution; Bill of
rights; Convention, second constitu-
tional; Due process of law; Government,
debate over nature of; Insurrections, do-
mestic
CIVIL WAR: country approaches because of
Constitution, 6; Antifederalists accused
of fomenting, 7; danger of in Pa., 14-
15; potential for in N.Y. over Consti-
tution, 153; danger of if Constitution is
rejected, 154; continued opposition in
ratifying states may lead to, 155; should
be avoided in seeking amendments, 155;
Constitution will prevent, 164-65; likely
if Va. does not ratify, 175; aversion to,
215; possibility of in non-ratifying states,
215-16; danger of between Federalists
and Antifederalists, 216; threatened un-
der Articles of Confederation, 232. See
also Insurrections, domestic; Shays's Re-
bellion; Violence
"Civis" (Jonathan Jackson), 327
CLARK, ABRAHAM (N.J.; CC:Vol. 2, 147n),
212-13, 277n
- letter from, 275-77
CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY, 238; Aesop's Fables,
8, 11n, 355; Alexander the Great, 239;
Aristotle, 272; Campus Martius, 342n;
Catiline, 9; Elysium, 385; Euclid, 213;
golden fleece, 21; Hannibal, 253; heroes
of, 209; Livy, 236; Lycurgus, 233; Mer-
cury, 246-47; Phoenix, 383, 392; Plato,
272; Pyrrhus, 253; Rubicon, 18, 239;
Sesostris, 244; Solon, 233; Spartans,
170; Trojan War, 250. See also Biblical
references; Governments, ancient and
modern; Pseudonyms
CLERGY: are Federalists, 55; praise of re-
spectability ,of, 230; and Philadelphia
celebration, 265; and New York City cel-
ebration, 309, 311n. See also Religious
tests
CLINTON, GEORGE (N.Y.; CC:Vol. 1, 141n):
opposes Constitution, 21, 175, 175n,
183, 184n, 401n; and N.Y.-Va. coop-
eration on amendments, 32; and N.Y.
Federal Republican Committee, 34; in
N.Y. Convention, 50, 293, 301, 305,
307; opposes Union, 62n; receives Mon-
roe's pamphlet, 73
- letter from, 48-49
- letters to, 48; quoted, 73
- speech of in N.Y. Convention: quoted,
65n, 296
COERCIVE POWER: central government will
obtain only through violence, 18; need
for, 20-21, 227; Articles of Confeder-
ation lacks, 236, 253, 280. See also Gov-
ernment, debate over nature of
COHEN, JACOB RAPHAEL (Pa.), 269n
COLLIN, NICHOLAS (Pa.; CC:Vol. 1, 290n):
id., 399n; sermon of, 398
COLLINS, ISAAC (N.J.), 328
COLLINS, JOHN (R.I.): and N.Y. Federal
Republican Committee, 33; as governor
of R.I., 196-97, 385, 386; and celebra-
tion of N.H. ratification in Newport,
197
"A COLUMBIAN PATRIOT" (Mercy Warren),
21-22, 22n, 39, 63n
COMITY, 99. See also Interstate relations
COMMERCE: will eventually expand in
America, 23; and importance of Missis-
sippi River, 29-30; enactment of legis-
lation concerning, 45; defense of regu-
lation of by simple majority, 69;
languishing under Articles of Confed-
eration, 70, 160, 194-95, 237, 351,
405n; three-fourths majority should be
necessary to enact laws regulating, 77,
80n; with Great Britain, 144-45, 146n,
185, 226, 308, 386, 396; with France,
144-45, 146n, 260, 261n, 336, 336n-
37n; U.S. is best suited for, 149-51;
need for a navy to protect, 160; U.S.
discriminated against under Articles of
Confederation, 162-63; Constitution
will promote, 162-63, 163, 165, 168,
184, 194-95, 197, 210, 214, 247, 255,
263, 292, 308, 324-25, 358, 385n, 385-
86, 391; to East Indies, 184; to Gibral-
tar, 184; N.Y. Antifederalists want to cut
back on, 190; damage to from laws sus-
pending collection of private debts, 196;
danger of enlarging powers of Confed-
eration Congress over, 227; U.S. advan-
tageously located with respect to West
Indies, 230; is free to all nations in U.S.,
240; extravagances of after Revolution,
251; with The Netherlands, 308; praise
of congressional power to regulate, 332;
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