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646
peachment of, 314, 319; voting in on
per capita basis, 318; oaths, 319; aris-
tocratic nature of, 355-56; vacancies
in, 371-72; and election of Vice Presi-
dent, 378; statehood for Ky. would
give extra Senators to Southern States,
404; opposition to dual officeholding
by members of, 416, 500. See also Ap-
pointment power; House of Represen-
tatives, U.S.; Impeachment; Presi-
dent, U.S.; Separation of powers;
Treaties
SEPARATE CONFEDERACIES, 189, 290;
possibility of, 20-21; danger of, 36,
225, 226; Patrick Henry favors a
Southern confederacy, 102, 139, 144;
Antifederalists said to favor,- 169. See
also Union
SEPARATION OF PowERs: argument that
separation of powers need not be ab-
solute, 3-7; need for in a good govern-
ment, 16-19, 43-44, 213, 413-15; de-
fense of Constitution's provisions
concerning, 43-47, 70, 86-87, 244-45,
317, 355, 355-56, 447-48, 451, 481-
83; danger from lack of in Constitu-
tion, 66n, 212, 253, 279; lack of com-
plete separation of powers in state con-
stitutions, 359. See also House of
Representatives, U.S.; Judiciary,
U.S.; President, U.S.; Senate, U.S.;
Union; Veto power
SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (England), 285,
291n, 526, 526n
SHATTUCK, JOB (Mass.), 135n
SHAYS, DANIEL (Mass.), 135n, 334, 472,
472n
SHAys's REBELUON, 210, 250n, 328, 472,
472n, 480, 504; Shaysites equated with
Antifederalists, 135, 462; supporters of
said to oppose Constitution in Mass.,
137, 143, 514, 535; created support for
Constitution, 190-91, 489, 580-81
SHERMAN, ISAAC (Conn.), 71
SHERMAN, ROGER (Conn.; CC:Vol. 1,
471n-72n), 93n
-letter from (with Oliver Ellsworth):
quoted, 169n; cited, 168-69
SHIPBUILDING, 106, 380, 386; Constitu-
tion will encourage, 13-14, 205, 208,
369. See also Navy
SHIPPEN, THOMAs LEE (Pa.; CC:Vol. 2,
463n)
COMMENTARIES ON THE CONSTITUTION
-letters to: quoted, 65n, 76n; cited,
260n
SHIPPEN, WILLIAM, JR. (Pa.; CC:Vol. 1,
289n)
-letters from: quoted, 76n; cited, 260n
SHORT, WILLIAM (Va.; CC:Vol. 1, 455n)
-letters from: quoted, 65n; cited, 151,
152
-letter to, 151-52
SLAVE TRADE, 15n, 272n; defense of
Constitution's provision protecting,
12, 25, 427-28; criticism of Congress'
power to prohibit beginning in 1808,
21n, 403n-4n, 537; criticism of Con-
gress' inability to prohibit until 1808,
251n; debate over in Constitutional
Convention, 427-28, 430n; speech of
Rawlins Lowndes justifying, 538n
SLAVERY, 443; three-fifths clause, 12, 15,
107-10, 126, 509n; slaves considered
as property, 12, 107-8, 126; danger
from, 15, 25; praise of Constitution's
protection from uprising of, 25; con-
fiscated by British during American
Revolution, 97n, 301, 494, 497n-98n;
considered to be persons as well as
property, 107-8; praise of Constitu-
tion's protection for, 126; Moorman
manumission case in Va., 129, 129n;
Constitution will allow abolition of,
250n; population of in Southern
States, 509-10; objection to a slave-
owner becoming President, 532; Raw-
lins Lowndes speech defending insti-
tution of, 538n
SMALL POX, 141
SMALL STATES: failure of to pay congres-
sional requisitions, 364. See also Large
vs. small states
SMILIE, JOHN (Pa.): id., 354n; 260,
260n-61n, 353, 374, 375n
SMITH, ABIGAIL ADAMS (N.Y.; CC:Vol.
2, 502n), 481n
SMITH, ABRAHAM (Pa.), 374, 375n
SMITH, THOMAS (Va.), 333, 333n
SMITH, WILLIAM STEPHENS (N.Y.;
CC:Vol. 2, 465n), 481n
-letters to, 191n, 192-95; quoted, 65n
SOCIAL COMPACT, 435, 443; some natu-
ral rights must be given up when cre-
ating a government, 22, 46, 367, 437.
See also Revolution, right of