Page 627

 GAZETTEER 627 
to Transoxiana and Sind in a series of overlapping vertical panels; two are
detailed maps of the crusading area. All maps are vertical for convenient
reference, with north at the top. 
 The historical series comprises maps showing the changing fortunes of the
crusaders and their Christian rivals and Moslem opponents between 1097 and
i 189. All place names on this series also occur on the locational maps.
The political power controlling each locality, at the beginning of the eight
periods mapped, is indicated by a color code, the name appearing in black
for the Franks, green for the Byzantines, green with an underline for the
Armenians, brown for the Moslems, and brown with an underline for the Assassins.
Dates of conquest are similarly coded, so that, for example, on the iioo-ii
i8 map Ma~arrat-an-Nu~mãn in black, followed by i 104 in brown and
1109 in black, indicates that this town was Frankish in 1100, lost to the
Moslems in 1104, and regained in 1109. A fuller list of such dates follows
this gazetteer. 
 All maps for the second edition have been newly designed and prepared in
the University of Wisconsin Cartographic Laboratory under the direction of
Randall D. Sale, assisted by Michael 
P. Conzen. Base information was compiled from U.S.A.F. Jet Navigation Charts,
at a scale of i 2,000,000. Historical data have been supplied by Dr. Harry
W. Hazard from such standard works as SprUner-Mencke, Stieler, Andree, and
Baedeker for Europe and Ramsey, Honigmann, Dussaud, Deschamps, Cahen, and
LeStrange for the Near East. Additional information was found in the text
of this volume, in The Encyclopaedia of Islam and Islam Ansikiopedisi, in
Yaqflt and other Arabic sources, and in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer
of the World. 
Aachen (German), Aix-la-Chapelle (French): city — Fzb5, i, 2. 
Aalst: town — see Alost. 
Abana: river — see Barada. 
Ablasta: town — see Albistan. 
Abu-Qubais (Arabic): village — L2e5, 5. 
Achrida: town — see Ochrida. 
Acre; PtolemaIs (classical), Saint John or Saint Jean (medieval), cAkkã
(Arabic): 
city, port—L1f3, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14. 
Adalia (medieval), Attalia (classical), Antalya (Turkish): port — K1e4,
2, 3, 8, ii. Adana (classical, West Armenian, Turkish): city — L1e3,
3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 
12, 13, 14. 
Aden; ~Adan (Arabic): port in sw Arabia — not in area mapped. 
Adharbadhagan: region of NW Persia — see Azerbaijan. 
Admont (German): town 6~ miles east of Salzburg. 
Adria (Italian): port, now town — G3c5, 2.