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Ch.V CYPRUS:MILITARY ARCHITECTURE 205  
the main entrance, reduced by a later Frankish arch, and the carved corbels
of the brattice which overhung it, the greater part of the encircling walls
at all levels with their semicircular towers and, in the middle ward, much
of the gatehouse, the church, and chambers immediately adjoining it. The
earlier Frankish improvements and additions, such as the rampart on the summit
with its rectangular towers characterized by flat terrace roofs on timber,
may date from the Lombard war, when first the imperial faction and then Henry's
supporters were besieged here. The later and more substantial Frankish additions
and reconstructions, for which a fourteenthcentury date is indicated, had
either steep-pitched wood-and-tile roofs, as in the case of the hail in the
middle ward and the royal apartments in the upper, or like the undercroft
of the latter building and the "belvedere" were covered with barrel or cross-vaults.
 At Buffavento and Kantara the same characteristics are to be seen, except
that the Byzantine work is less in evidence. Of the two, Kantara better illustrates
the work of the Lusignan castle-builders (fig. 12). It is a walled enclosure
as regular as the site permitted, with barrel- and cross-vaulted quarters
attached to the curtain. On the more accessible eastern side there is a double
line, forming a barbican about the entrance. Both lines run out on the flanks
to horseshoe towers, forming an ensemble as dramatic as it is effective for
defense 
12. Plan of Kantara