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POPULATION CHANGES 1947.
SECTION II
Major Factors Affecting Growth of Population
A. For the Year 1947
In 1947 within the U.S. Zone of Germany not only the rate of popu-
lation increase, but also the causes or sources of the increase were far
from "normal". In "normal' times the population of highly-industrialised
and
densely-populated European countries Increases almost exclusively through
an
excess of births over deaths; migration, either immigration or emigration,
is only a minor factor in population growth.
Within the U.S. Zone, Including Land Bremen, more than two-thirds
of the increase for 1947 was due to migration. The number of births exceed-
ed the number of deaths by 107,000. The net balance of immigration over emi-
gration was 239,000. If there had been no immigration, population would have
increased 0.62 percent. As population actually increased 1.99 percent, net
immigration alone resulted in an increase of 1.37 percent. See Table III
and Appendix "B" for data by Laender.
TABLE III
ANALYSIS OF POPULATION INCREASE FOR 1947
BY MAJOR FACTORS
B. Comnarison of 1947 with Other Periods
The unusual relationship in 1947 between natural causes and migra-
tion as factors in population increase is shown clearly by a comparison with
figures of prewar times (Table IV). In the period of depression between 1925
and 1933 in the whole of Germany as well as in the territory of the U.S.
Zone,
the number of people leaving the country was greater than the number entering,
and therefore the yearly increase was loss than the excess of births over
deaths.
During this period In the U.S. Zone, for instance, there was an average annual
excess of births over deaths of 82,600. But the total population increased
by
only 71,200. because of the loss through emigration.
In the period 1933 through 1939 there was an average yearly excess
of immigration over emigration of 29,300. But oven at that time the net gain
by migration affected the rate of Increase in only a minor way. The decisive
factor in population increase was still the excess of births over deaths,
av-
eraging at that time 96,200 annually.
8
Excess of Births Excess Immigration
Area            Total Increase       Over Deaths      Over Emigration.
Number Percent     Number Percent   Number  Percent
U.S. Zone
(excluding Bremen)       325,000   1.92     104,000   0.62   221,000   1.30
U.S. Zone
(including Bremen)       346,000   1.99     107,000   0.62   239,000   1.37
U.S. Area of Control
(including Berlin Sector) 353,000  1.92      97.000   0.52   256,000   1.40
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