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Hazard, H. W. (ed.) / Volume III: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
(1975)
XII: The Spanish and Portuguese reconquest, 1095-1492, pp. 396-456
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Page 396
396XII THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE RECONCONQUEST, 1095—1492 hen pope Urban II in 1095 proclaimed the crusade for the recovery of the Holy Land, the struggle against Islam in the Iberian peninsula was already almost four centuries old, and yet another four would pass before, in the year of the discovery of America, the "Catholic Kings" at Granada could raise the cross and the banner of Castile over the highest tower of the Alhambra, ending forever an Islamic dominion that dated from the Visigothic catastrophe of 711—714. In this eight-hundred-year chronicle of Christian-Moslem confrontation and cultural interpenetration, the Council of Clermont (which several Spanish bishops attended) represents no merely fortui tous midpoint, for the last years of the eleventh century witnessed a profound transformation in the nature, tempo, and course of the Basic sources and secondary works relating to each stage of the reconquest (1095—1492) are cited below at appropriate points of the text. Down to 1250 the chief Latin general chronicles are those of Rodrigo of Toledo (Rodrigo Ximénes de Rada), Historia gothica (ed. A. Schott, Hispaniae illustratae, 4 vols., Frankfurt, 1603—1608, II, 25—194); Lucas of Tuy, Chronicon mundi (ibid., IV, 1—116); and Alfonso X, Estoria de Espafla (ed. R. Menéndez Pidal, Primera crdnica general, 2 vols., Madrid, 1906). Other narratives are collected in Las CrOnicas latinas de la Reconquista (ed. A. Huici Miranda, 2 vols., Valencia, 1913). On the Portuguese side, see the sole Scriptores volume of Portugaliae monumenta historica (Lisbon, 1956); Cronicas dos sete primeiros reis de Portugal (ed. C. da Silva Tarouca, 3 vols., Lisbon, 1952); and Fontes medievais da histdria de Portugal (ed. A. Pimenta, Lisbon, 1948). For papal correspondence, see P. Kehr, Papsturkunden in Spanien: I. Catalanien (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Gottingen, philolog.-hist. Klasse, XVIII, 2, 1926), II. Navarra und Aragon (ibid., XXII, 1928); and C. Erdmann, Papsturkunden in Portugal (ibid., XX, 1927). For general primary narratives of Moslem authorship relating to post-1095 Iberia, the only collection is ColecciOn de crc$nicas drabes de la Reconquista (ed. A. Huici, 4 vols, Tetuán, 1952—1955), which includes Ibn-'Idhari al-Marrãkushi, Kitãb al-bayãn al-mughrib (vols. II-III); and the anonymous Al-hulal al-maushiyah (vol. I). See also Ibn-abi-Zar' al-Fasi, Raud al-qirtas (Fr. tr. A. Beaumier, Paris, 1860; Sp. tr. A. Huici, Valencia, 1918); Ahmad ibn-Muhammad al-Makkari, Kitab nafh at-tib (tr. P. de Gayangos, The History of the
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