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Hazard, H. W. (ed.) / The art and architecture of the crusader states
(1977)
VI: The Arts in Frankish Greece and Rhodes, pp. 208-250
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Page 208
VI THE ARTS IN FRANKISH GREECE AND RHODES A. Frankish Greece The territories of the Latin empire created after the fall of Constantinople in 1204 were always somewhat ill defined. In Asia Minor the Greeks maintained their rallying point at Nicaea, and in Europe little was secure against Bulgarian inroads north of Adria nople or west of the Maritsa valley. Epirus was never conquered, and the kingdom of Thessalonica was wrested from the Franks by the Epirote ruler Theodore in 1224; Thessaly remained debatable ground; only in Phocis, where the marquisate of Bodonitsa guarded Much of this section is based on the notes and the corpus of photographs made by David Wallace in the four years before the second world war, at a time, remote as it is, when this corporate history of the crusades was already being discussed. Wallace was killed in an attack on a German fortified post at Menina, near Preveza, in August 1944. His photographs are deposited at the Courtauld Institute of Art in the University of London. The articles by C. Enlart, "Quelques monuments d'architecture gothique en Grèce," Revue de l'art chrétien, ser. 4, VIII (1897), 309-314, and by R. Traquair, "Frankish Architecture in Greece," Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, ser. 3, XXXI (1923), 34-48, 73-83, are the only general surveys of ecclesiastical architecture. J. A. Buchon, La Grèce continen tale et la Morée: Voyage, séjour et etudes historiques en 1840 et 1841 (Paris, 1843), and Atlas des nouvelles recherches historiques sur la principauté franque de Morée et ses hautes baronnies, fondées a la suite de la quatrième croisade (Paris, 1845), and H. F. Tozer, "The Franks in the Peloponnese," Journal of Hellenic Studies, IV (1883), 207-236, deal mainly with the castles, of which some have been studied in more detail by R. Traquair, "Laconia; I. Mediaeval Fortresses," Annual of the British School at Athens, XII (1906), 25 9-276, and "Mediaeval Fortresses of the North-Western Peloponnesus," ibid., XIII (1907), 268-281; and by A. Bon, "Forteresses médiévales de la Grèce centrale," Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, LXI (1937), 136-208, "Note additionelle sur les forteresses médiévales de la Grèce centrale," ibid., LXII (1938), 441-442, and "Recherches sur la principauté d'Achaie (1205-1430)," in Etudes médiévales offertes a M. le Doyen Augustin Fliche . . . (Publications de Ia Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Montpellier, IV; Montpellier, 1952), pp. 7-21. Professor Bon's book La Morée franque: Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaie (1205-1430) (Bibliothêque des Ecoles francaises d'Athènes et de Rome, fasc. 213; Paris, 1969) is a detailed and complete survey of the subject. I am indebted to him and to the Librarian of the Sorbonne for the loan of this work in typescript before it appeared. Supplementing Bon's work is W. McLeod, "Castles of the Morea in 1467," Byzantinische Zeitschrift, LXV (1972), 35 3-363; McLeod also cites a useful book by J. Th. Sphekopoulos, T& Meaa~LwvLI~i Kchirpa roe Mopr~& (Athens, 1968), no. 5, pp. 161-199. K. Andrews, Castles of the 208
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