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Germany. It is to be hoped that they will utilize
effectively their experience from these visits
abroad. The resident officers can contribute mate-
rially by keeping in contact with them for im-
plementation of such follow-up programs as may
be agreed.
IPG is extremely anxious to receive reports con-
cerning the development of the local programs,
their successes and failures, and their problems.
These reports specifically should comment upon the
work of consultants who may visit the locality
and of the Germans who return from their visits
abroad.
5. Other Local Units
In addition to the Resident Officers, the Amerika
Haeuser and the community centers should be
called upon for assistance in the program. Pam-
phlet material will be made available to them for
use and for distribution and, to the extent that
forums or other discussion groups are centered
around these units, the suggestions made in the
preceding subdivisions for Resident Officers will
be applicable to a considerable extent.
6. French and British Zones: U.S. Land Observers
As suggested in the earlier discussion, this pro-
gram so far has been limited to the U.S. Zone of
Occupation. Obviously if a democratic system is
to develop in Western Germany, the movement for
reform must spread through all the zones.
Up to the present it appears that interest in the
British Zone has been focussed primarily on cer-
tain aspects of local government, and in the French
Zone on education and cultural affairs. From in-
formal discussions, however, it appears that there
is no reason to suppose that a wider approach will
not be acceptable. German interest in the various
fields is already spreading into the other zones,
and an understanding with the British and French
Occupation Authorities will be sought so that the
programs and the supporting material outlined in
the preceding pages will be available to German
organizations throughout West Germany.
Since the development of citizen participation in
political and governmental affairs seems to be less
advanced in the French and British Zones, it will
probably be advisable in the coming year to put
special emphasis on that field. At the same time
German organizations with professional interests
such as the police association, civil liberties groups,
the universities and the Institute are bringing the
British and French Zones into the specialized pro-
grams which deal with these subjects.
So far as the Citizens' Participation program is
concerned, it is hoped that the other Occupation
Authorities will permit their Resident Officers to
interest themselves in the programs and that their
facilities may be used among others to bring pam-
phlets and similar material to the attention of Ger-
mans who want them.
The U.S. is represented in each Land in the
French and British Zones by a U.S. Land Observer.
A Land Observer with a single assistant, charged
with a multiplicity of duties, cannot undertake the
burden of supporting this program as the Political
Divisions in the U.S. Land Commissioners' Offices
do. Nevertheless their association with the French
and British Land Commissioners' Offices identify
them as best fitted to encourage cooperation in the
program, and as the normal channel of contact in
subsequent cooperative efforts.
7. Consultants
The object of the Consultant Program is to bring
experts on various technical subjects to Germany
for the purpose of conferences and discussions with
Germans interested in those specific fields.
IPG develops programs for consultants in con-
sultation with the Land Offices, defines the quali-
fications of the consultants required, and suggests
names to the Exchanges Division (for transmission
to the Department if U.S. consultants are con-
cerned).
IPG and the Land Offices brief the consultants,
work out itineraries, arrange the necessary con-
tacts and meetings, handle logistic arrangements,
and give general guidance to the consultants, each
at their own level. Resident Officers brief the con-
sultants and arrange contacts and meetings at the
local level.
Reports and recommendations of the consult-
ants will be made to IPG and Exchanges Division
and distributed in appropriate cases to Land and
Local levels for follow up, as appropriate. Land
and Local Offices may also receive informal reports
and suggestions, but are requested to advise IPG
of these to assure coordination with the general
program.
Land and Resident Offices should report to head-
quarters on the consultants' work, and make per-
tinent suggestions.
Resident Officers submit recommendations for
the use of consultants to the Land Offices.
8. German Visits to the U.S. and European
Countries
The purpose of this program is to bring qualified
Germans into contact with democratic forms and
practices in Western Europe and the U.S., to open
up to them new developments in the governmental
and political field from which they have been cut
off since 1933, and to introduce them to the freer
atmosphere and the customs of the Western de-
mocracies. Most of the Germans who will partici-
pate in these programs are leaders in their fields
and in the U.S. they will deal with U.S. leaders.
Experience in past years has indicated that this is
an extremely productive practice.
IPG develops these programs in consultation with
the Land offices and implements them through the
Exchanges Division. It may suggest sponsors for
the projects. IPG will brief Germans before their
departure, and will secure reports from them on
their return, either directly or through the Land
Offices.
IPG will develop follow-up programs. The Laen-
der may amplify these but will advise IPG for
purposes of coordination.
Because of the nature of the exchange projects
in the IPG program, it is essential that those in-
vited should be leaders in their respective fields,
and the greatest care will be exercised to select
persons who are qualified for the program for
which they are chosen and who will make the
greatest contribution as a result.
9. Pamphlets
A number of German organizations are actively
engaged in research and in the publication of re-
sults. This is one of the means toward the objec-
tives in which we are interested and over a period
of time it is to be assumed that German organiza-
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