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tions will have covered the entire field. At this
stage of development, however, the German or-
ganizations do not always deal with precisely the
aspects of political and governmental problems
which are needed for the stimulation of Citizen
Participation. Furthermore, the availability of these
publications on the necessary scale is often beyond
the means of the German organizations. Accord-
ingly, some assistance is necessary.
IPG in consultation with the Land Offices will
determine what pamphlets are necessary for the
effectuation of the program, examine available
pamphlets to determine those desirable for use and,
if necessary, encourage the preparation of special
pamphlets for that purpose. All pamphlets will, ex-
cept in unusual cases, be German in authorship
and publication.
IPG will make general plans for the distribution
of pamphlets. The Land Offices should carry this
out within the general framework established by
IPG. While many pamphlets will be furnished free,
direct sales are to be encouraged.
The Land Offices should report on the distribu-
tion and use made of the pamphlets and their ef-
fect upon German opinion.
It should always be borne in mind that the dis-
tribution of pamphlets is not an end in itself, and
therefore care should be taken that distribution is
only made with a definite end in mind. Local adap-
tations of IPG plans will be made accordingly.
10. Newspapers and Radio
It is needless to point out the importance of
newspaper and radio discussion in the stimulation
of public opinion and in public interest in a sub-
ject. With the tradition of public non-participation
in Government and politics, which has been re-
ported in the preceding pages, it is not always
evident to newspaper editors that newspaper
coverage of this field will attract the public and is
good business. The situation with the radio is more
favorable because most of the radio executives and
commentators have acquired their present positions
and experience in a freer atmosphere since 1945.
Suggestions have been made throughout Part II
for newspaper campaigns in particular fields. No
possible plan can be worked out in advance, how-
ever, which will take advantage of the "breaks"
which occur. By keeping in mind the various pur-
poses of the ten programs, it is possible to seize
many opportunities to get favorable publicity which
will further the attainment of our objectives.
It is desirable that the German individuals and
organizations concerned should themselves arrange
for the necessary publicity and learn to utilize
these opportunities. The task of the Land and Res-
ident Offices, therefore, is to aid and advise the
Germans in this field. They should not themselves
undertake to secure publicity, but when necessary
will seek the aid of ISD.
1 1. Film
Visual presentation through films is, of course,
one of the most effective methods of presenting
ideas. The film program outlined in the preceding
pages is not as adequate as is desirable but it has
necessarily been limited by the personnel and funds
available. It is hoped that in the future it will be
expanded.
IPG in consultation with the Land Offices and the
Motion Picture Branch, ISD, will plan the produc-
tion of any films to be made in furtherance of the
program, and the use of foreign films. Once a film
is available, the general plan for its use will be
developed by IPG but worked out by the Land
Offices in more detail and by the Resident Officers
within their own localities.
In this field, too, the responsibility should as
rapidly as possible be transferred to Germans.
12. Exchanges Division
All arrangements for consultants from abroad
and for German visits to the U.S. and European
countries are under the jurisdiction of the Ex-
changes Division and are governed by its proce-
dures. If for any reason the needs of the IPG pro-
gram require a modification of these proce-
dures, the matter will be brought to the attention
of IPG, which will seek a solution with the Ex-
changes Division. Local administrative modifica-
tions may be arranged in the Land Offices.
Many of the past procedures which have com-
plicated the IPG programs have been changed.
Thus an advance decision is now made upon those
projects which are to be noncompetitive in recruit-
ment; use of commercial transportation should
make it possible to schedule departures to the U.S.
at a fairly definite date and in advance.
On the other hand, it must be recognized that
adequate time must be given for the operation of
the selection and clearance procedures, and that
clearance is not within the control of the Exchanges
Division but is handled by the Combined Travel
Board and-or the Consulates, who in turn are fre-
quently bound by law. It is essential that all selec-
tions should be of a character suitable for the pro-
ject concerned, and the Land Offices would do well
to familiarize themselves with CTB and consulate
clearance regulations so as to be sure that persons
selected will not run into subsequent difficulties.
13. Deutsche Mark Funds
A certain amount of Deutsche Mark funds are
available in support of the program. These are
distributed on the basis of a budget made up by
IPG on the basis of proposals received from the
Land Offices, and approved by the Exchange
Division. Allocations to the Land Offices will be
used by them strictly within the terms of the al-
location. They may make suballocations to the
localities.
All concerned should bear in mind that these
Deutsche Mark funds must be used and handled
with the same care which the user would apply
to his own money. While the Exchanges and Fi-
nance Divisions are in charge of formal accounting
for this money, the Land Political Divisions must
establish a simple system of controls of their own
to determine that they are not overspending, and
where grants are made they should be alert to
determine that the money is being used solely for
the purpose for which it is given and to produce
the best results with the greatest economy. It is
necessary to put emphasis on this latter point be-
cause the money may be used, quite honestly and
within the purpose for which the grant was made,
but not as productively and economically as pos-
sible.
Unspent balances of allocations and grants are
to be returned.
14. German Legislation
IPG and the LandOffices should observe German
legislation to determine its relationship to the ob-