Page View
Chambers, Ephraim, 1680 (ca.)-1740 / Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences : containing the definitions of the terms, and accounts of the things signify'd thereby, in the several arts, both liberal and mechanical, and the several sciences, human and divine : the figures, kinds, properties, productions, preparations, and uses, of things natural and artificial : the rise, progress, and state of things ecclesiastical, civil, military, and commercial : with the several systems, sects, opinions, &c : among philosophers, divines, mathematicians, physicians, antiquaries, criticks, &c : the whole intended as a course of antient and modern learning
(1728)
Sarabait - secondary, pp. 21-40
PDF (19.2 MB)
Page 33
sn b t3 rnwlge, makes no defcable-Part of Weir Coattrmpla- don, who wou'd take a View of Human Knowledge in 'h dwh1lc Extent of it. This feems the firfl, and mofd fifer, asX well as natural Divifion of the Objecqs of our Jdet.,trflndiig. For a Man can employ his Thoughts trXnothng, but either the Contemplation of Things 'hcmf~,l5 foesr heI~ifovery of Truth; or about theThings in. ws own Power, which arebhis Atlions, for the Attain- nent of hits. own Ends; or the Signs the Mind makes ufe of, both in the one and the other, and the right ordering Of the for its clearer Information. All which Three; ViZ. !likngs, as they are in themselves knowable; A5tions, as they jepend don us in order to Happinefs, and the right ufh of Sgns, ai order to Knowledge, being toto &do, diferent, they feem to be the Three great Provinces of the Ittelie~ual World, wholly feparate and diffinrt one from another. SCIENTIFIC, fotneihing relating to the pure, fubli- wer Sciences; or, that abounds in Science or Kn2owlege. A Work, a Method, &c- is faid to be Scientiycal, when g tis founded on the pure Reafon of Things, Tjc. con- - iv&ed wholly on Principles thereof. In which Senfe, the ,Vord ftands oppofed to Nalrative, Arbitrary, 0piinion- ativ, &c.¢ SCILLA,I Or b tuilZ, a Medicinal Plant, of the Onion- kind, but very large ; chiefly brought from Spain: Ufed -nly in jInfuflon and that generally in Vinegar, which it renders Emetic. There are two Kinds, Male and Fale ; the Male are whitifh, and the Female reddilh. Their Infufionl *hen boiled into the Confitence of a ..rup, with Honey, called Oximnel Sylliticum in the Shops; i tains the famhe Properties. They wonder- fully deterge and fcour off the vifcid Adhefions in the Bowels; and gently irritate the Stomach to Ejecion. They are alfo, as all of the Onion Kind are, very Diure- N tick, and therefore in great Eflteemnwith fome, in Dropfies; For if their infufion be mixed with Cinnamon-Wateri they will teldom vomit, but work downwards; and very forcibly, by Urine: In Afthlas, and all Obftruaions, ior Infraffions of the Lungs, which are to be removed by pieterfives and.Epeqoration, there is fcarce any thing .More effequal. They are alfo efleemed Wlexiztbarnicks, tnd upon that Account have a Place in the ßleriaca Mdromzachr. i SCLOGRAPHY, the Profile, or Seation of a Building, tofhew the Infide thereof. See SECTION and PROFILE. ScioGRAPHY; in Aironomy, yc. is a Term JI'n¢ Authors ufe for the Art of finding the Hour of the Day or Night, by the Shadow of the Sun, Moon, Stars, WC. See Di t. SCIOMAIANTIA, or Scz'omanty, a kind of Divination, atherwife called SPychomancy. Sciomancy, among the Ancients, was the Art of raifing and calling up the Manes or Souls of deceafed Perfons, to infirud themn in Things to come. The Witch who conjured up the Soul of Smuedi to foretel Saul the Event of the Battle he was about to give, did it by Sciomancy. The Word is frtm'd from the Greek, Bds, Shadow, ufed metaphorically for the Soul, and ATav'rfw, Divination. See DIVINATrION. SCIOPTRICK, a Sphere or Globe of Wood, with a circular Hole or Perforation wherein a Lens is placed: 'Tis fofitted, that, like the Eye of an Animal, it may be turn'd rounA every Way; to be ufed in making Experiments of the darken'd Roo,'. See CAMERA OBSCURA. SCIRE-FACIASi is a judicial Writ, moft commonly to call a Man to fhew Caufe to the Court whence it iffues, why Execution of a Judgment paaed, Ihould not be made out. This Writ is not granted, until a Year and a Day be elapfed after a Judgment given: Scire- faciaj, upon a Fine, lies not but within the fame Time after the Fine levied, otherwife it iS the fame with the Writof Raberefaciasfeignaw. SCLAVONIC, the Language of the Sciavi; an An- .ient People of Scythia Euroa a; who, about the Year i8, quitting their native Country, ravaged Greece, and labli ied thie Kingdoms of Poland and Mratia, and at hit fettled in 5Ilyria; which thence took the Name of Vavzia. But the Modern Sciavonia is much narrower, being only a Province in Hungary. The Schivonic is held; Aftr the Arat the moil extenfive Ldanguage in the Wrld: 'Tis fpoke from the Adriatic to the North Sea; hid from the Cafpian to Savony, by a great Variety of &ple, all, the Defcendants of the Ancient Sciavi, viz. * Poles, JpMiufovites, Zlgarians, Carinrbians, Bohe- ns, Hungarians, (PrulfanSes Snualbians, fic. each of whom, however, have their particular Diale&; only the ~4ric is the common Mother of their feveral Lan. ACs, vit, the SPohv, Ruff/ian, Hungarian, &ec. By a l Chronicle of the Sciai, compofed by Helmd, a .rie ofuda, and Arn6td Abbot of Lded, and corrcdled by i* f klmFits¢, it a pears That the Sclavi ancientdy nhabited the CoWd of t the .hic$Aasa,~ andt were, di&dc L3'I C L aLi into £after -iAnd Weflern: In the lAttee whjjoft, wite 4h Rufians, Poles, Blogemians, Wc. And in the foratact, qthe andels. 2,Dom. maur. Orbini Rauifer Abboti of the Order of Malta, in an Italian Hiflory of the S&Aci4i ii- titled, I Regno de gli Slavi, printed ni or, wilohs them to be originally of Bhnar in c&andinavia. Lat*. Privera. a l) inaran, in An expretf DifboutPk on ihe, Origin of the fSciavi, maintains themtd to boriginally Qf 2"hrada,; and the fate with the YIfraciaxs, the PofferiiWg of 2'liiras, Seventh Son of 7aphet. Shl~eod. etoatpo'witz; In a Greek, Latis:. and SCA{~iavonic ry, printed at Mj'co xwin 1704, obbrves, Thit t.he Word Sciava, when. .S'clavonic is forni'd, fi ifies in their Language, Glory. SCLEROPHTiHALMIA, a kind of Ophthaltnia, wherein the Eye is dry, hard, red and painful; and the Eyebrows likewife; fo as not to be opencd after Sleep; without great Pain, by reafon of their excefive Dryefs. See O1P1THTALMIA. SCLEROTICA, in Anatomy, Lec. one of the cod Membranes of the Eye, fituate between the Adnata and the Uvea: 'Tis very firm and opaque behind i but trivia- rent before. In Stridnefs, 'tis only the hind-part isall'd Sckerotica; the fore-part being properly called the Cornea,. See CORNEA. The Sclerotica is a Segment of a larger Sphatroid thah the Cornea. ee-Esx. tie Word IS forin'd from the Greek vxmiqa, hard. SGLEROTICKS, Medicin;S- proper jo karie~ Ind confolidate the Flefhl, ,c. of Parts they, are applied to. 'Such are Purtlain, jubarb or Houft-leek, Pfylliun, Motel jor Garden-nighi-fhade, &c. SCOLDING: The Punifhment allotted by our Laws for Scolding Women, is, To be fet in a Trebuchet, conf- monly called a CQ-cking-Stool (probably from the Rewxhc Coquine, ,kueani, and the German Stull, Chair) plated over fome deep Water, into which they are to b;e let down; and plunged thrice, under Water; to tool their Heat and Choler. SCOLOPOMACHAMRION, in Chirurgety, a tind of Scalpel, thus called; by the Greeks, frorn its refetibling A Woodcock's Bill. Its Ufe is to open, and dilate, narrow Wounds. of the Breaaf, Abfcense, idc. Aqilapeadenie rit- copmmtends it for Tapping in Dropfies. Tis ufually fut- niffied with a little Button at the Point, that it may be ufed to open Wounds of the Breaft, without Danger of wounding the Lungs. SCONCES are minall Forts, built fok Defenice of fome" Pafs, River, or other Place: Soetim es they ire tade regular of four, five; or fix Baftions; others of fimallei Ditnenfions, fit for Paffies or Rivers, and likewife for the Field: Such are (z.) Triangles with half BAftions, which may be all of equal Sides, or they may be futhe- thing unequal. However it be, divide the Sides of the Triangle into three equal Parts, one of thefe three Parts will fet off the Capitals and the Gorges; and the Flanks, being at Right Angles with the Sides, make half of the Gorge. (2) Square, with half Baflidns; whofe Sides may be betwixt too and 200 Feet, and let one Third of, the Side fet off the Capital and the Gorges, but the Flank (which raife at Right Angles to the Side) mull be but pnb half of the Gorge or Capital, that is on the Sixth Part of the Side of the Square. (3.) Square with half Bafli-' ons and Long. (4.) Lone Squares. (5,) Stat Redoubt of four Points. (6.) Star kejoubt of five or fix Points. (7.) Plain Redoubts, which are, either fitnll o'k great. The fnmall are fit for Court of Guards in theiTrenchesg and may be a Square of 20 Feet to 30. The midddle Sorts of Redoubts may have their Sides from 30 td .Sd Feet,; the great ones from' 60 to 8o Feet Square., The Profiles (that is the Thicknefs and Height of the Bteafl- works) to be Met on thefe feveral Works, and the Ditches, are alterable, and uncertain; for fodietimes they ar' ufed in Approaches, and then the Widenefs of the Breall- worki at the Bottom, may be 7 OL 8 Feet, inwird Height 6, and outward 5 Foot ; the Ditch may be S or to' Feet, and Sometimes I2; and for the Slopes, to be wrought according to the Nature of the Earth, they may fometimes be made 14 or 26 Feet wide at the Bot- tom, and the Height of 7, 8. or 9 Feet, arnd to hive 2 or 3 Alcents to raife to the Parapet the Ditch mayo b' i6 or 24 Feet wide, and 5 or 6 deep; and somertimes they may come near the fmalleft fort of Ramparts, and have a Breaif-work Cannion Proof, with a bitch of 50 or 60 Feet wide, and are thus made to fet upbn Pafaihs or Rivers tQ endure, See REDOUBT. SCOPER-HOLES in a Ship, are Holes made through tie Sides clfe to the Deck, to carry off the Watek that comes from the Pump, or any other Way. TheA Holes in' the Covert Deck, have round Leathers nailed over them, to keep the Sea Water from coming up. into' the Ship, which' are called Scoper-Leatbes ; an' thy honr Nails,- with broad Heads, which'&fiti1 chn Laea. trhefown, afe cilled Scoper Nail.; ' ' ~(1 1, ,SCR
Based on date of publication, this material is presumed to be in the public domain.| For information on re-use, see: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/Copyright