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Chambers, Ephraim, 1680 (ca.)-1740 / Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences : containing the definitions of the terms, and accounts of the things signify'd thereby, in the several arts, both liberal and mechanical, and the several sciences, human and divine : the figures, kinds, properties, productions, preparations, and uses, of things natural and artificial : the rise, progress, and state of things ecclesiastical, civil, military, and commercial : with the several systems, sects, opinions, &c : among philosophers, divines, mathematicians, physicians, antiquaries, criticks, &c : the whole intended as a course of antient and modern learning
(1728)
Consort - corporal, pp. 311-330
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Page 311
ON ( 3tr ) -he fame Author finds five Labial and m; five Palatal ones, d, f, g, ki j, ch ; two Liquids, I and r ; two ith each other, as II, andgn; which ir to the French Language, and the n and n are properly two Nafal Con- afs'd thro' the Nofe, and the n a X, nc'd thro' the ofe ; and in effe&, Jounce barker for market, deed for ie Confonants, fome are weak, others e confiffing in this, That the former all Emiflion of the Voice which foft- 1+ASbersAn TLA --. ___ 7l" I n w)ic1 Ent;l 'dEt nave nor. I he wealc are 11, c, a, I'). nex_ A -P t h r' t May be here obferv'd, that when we fpeak of a Perfon's [ing thro' the Nofe; it muff be underflood in a Senlf . Adifferent from what the Words feem naturally to im- ,. Since the Nofe in this Cafe concurs lefs to the Pro- 4ition than if he did not fpeak thro' the Nofe; in re- d the Air not being able to make its way thro' the Nofe, phuri'd into the Mouth, where it forms a dull obtufe nda call'd Nafal. See VoicE. toix the whole we may conclude, that the Excefs of Con- rnts in one Language above another only confi{ts in this, tthereare more Modifications of Sound receiv'd and efla- h'd in the one than the other: For all Men having the ,e organs, may form the fame Modifications; fo that 'tis nrely owing to Cuflom, nothing to Nature, that the En- m have not the 0 of the Greeks, the Ain and Hefrb of the Ares, the cl of the Germans, the gn of the French, the If the Italians, the U1 of the Welch, &c. [bat the Chinere have no r, the Iroquois no Labial Confo- g, the PIlros abundance of Afpirates; and the Arabs Hrans abundance of Double Con fonants which laI Ito this, that they make feveral Organs concur I _ _1 . . A1 l 1 t]t . _ L inc equally to the Iviodithcat!on ot a Sound ; where- e reft, only one Organ is moved very firongly and he redt weakly. Ilfo vifible, that in all Languages the Afpirates, Letters, are real Confonants ; fince the Throat Sound as much as the Palate, Tongue, or Lips. nd all the Conjiwants that may be form'd in e; there needs nothing but to obferve all the that the Sound of Speech will admit of, by J1 have all the Confonants pra6ticable. , in Mufick. See CONCERT. ACY, in Law, is taken for a Combination or o do fomething evil, or illegal: tho in the ori- the Word, and in its ufe in other Languages, Agreement, either for good, bad, or Matters ites and Law-Books, Confpiracy, in a general unded with Maintenance and Champarty. See :E, and CHAMPARTY. a1 Signification, it is ufed for a Confederacy of falfly to indid one, or procure one to be indic- r See INDICTMENT. iment of this Confederacy, at the King's Suit, that the Party attainted lofe his Frank-Law ; hat he mayn't be impannel'd on Juries, and the Lands, Goods, and Chattels be efireated; his and his Body committed to Prifon. iracies in Cafes of lefs moment, as thofe of uching felling of Viaual, Thall be grievoufly !en. VI1I. ING Powers, in Mechanicks, are all fuch as ons not oppofite to one another. See PowER, ILE, or Lord High CONSTABLE, an an- of the Crown ; now difufed in England, but in France, where the Conflable commands Is, and is the firfi Officer in the Army. the Word from the Saxon, and make it ori- the Stay or Hold of the King. But others, Dbability, derive it from Comes Stabuli. the fIthe Stables,or perhaps of the Horfe, (fee COUNT) ofe that the Dignity which at firnf was Civil, in 'mne Military, and the Mafier of the Stables made of the Army. See MASTER. 'uncion of the Confable of England, confifled in of the common Peace of the Land, in Deeds of id Matters of War. To the Court of the Conyfable of the Marfhals, belong'd the cognizance of Con- eeds of Arms without the Realm, Combats, Bla- AYlg, AR within it. See MARSHAL. it Coniable of Enwgland was created by the Con- ,,I'he Office continu'd hereditary till the nith of !y V111. when it was laid afide, as being fo poweiful as C 0 N to become troublefom to the King. Since that tind, thii Conflable is only created occafionally. From thofe mighty Magiffrates, the Con,#ables of , gland, are derived thofe inferior ones, fince cali'd the Conflables of Hundreds and Franchifes; fir{i ordain'd ib the 13th Year of Edwzvard 1. by the Statute of Winchefler; which, for the Confervation of the Peace, and View of Armour, appointed that two Confiables lhould be chofe in every Hundred and Franchife. See HUNDRE r, and FRANCHISE. Thefe are what we now call Conflabil-arii Capitales, ot High Conflables 3 in regard, continuance of Tine and in- creafe of People, &)c. have occafion'd others of like na- ture, but inferior Authority, in every Town, cali'd 'Petty- Conflables, or Sib-ConiJabuhrli. The appointing of a Petty-Con/lable belongs to the Lords of divers Mannors, 7ure Feudi. Befides there, we have Conf abes denominated from pat. ticular Places, as Confiable of the -eower, of Dover Caflel of Windfor-Cafile, of the Caftle cf Cart arvan, and many other of the Cafiles of Wales; who!< Office is the fame with that of the Caftellani, or Governors or Cafiles. See Tow- ER, LeC. CONSTAT, in Law, a Certificate given out of the Court of Exch-qutr, of all there is upon record relating to any Matter in qut-Ilion. It is alo ufed for an Exemplification or Copy of the Inro.' meat of Letrtrts P tent. CONSTELLAXTION, in Aflronomy, an Aftemtblage or Syfrem of feveral Stars, expref,'d an.' repref-nred under tho Name and Figure of fome Animal or other thing, ca.l'd alfo an yfler.ff. Se STAR. The Antients portion'd out the Firmament into feveral Parts, or Coliflellatons, reducing a certain number of Stars under the Reprefentation of certain Images, in oral ir to aid the Imagination and the Memory to conceive and retain their Number, Difipofstion, and even to ditlingatflih the Vsirtues which they attributed to 'em: In whichb'Sence a Man is faid to be born under a happy CisJ/eilaton, i. e. under a happy Configuration of the heavenly Bodies. he Divifion of the Heavens into Cozflellations is very antient; and, for ought appears, as old as Ailronomy it 'lfdj at leaff, it was known to the inofi antient Authors extant, whether facred or profane. In the motl antitnt Book of 7ob, mention is made of the Names of fume of 'em ; wit- nefs that fublime Expoffulation, CGreol thou icftfiain tl-e fweet Influence of the Pleiades, or lootev the Bands of Ori- on ? And the fame may be obferv'd of the oidedl among the Heathen Writers H;,mer and Hefiod. The Divifion of the Antients only took in the vifible Fir- mament, or fo much as came under their notice: Tnis they diffributed into 48 C'nftellations; twelve whereof took up the Zodiack: The Names they gave them are Aries, rau- rus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgc, LA ba, Soro 4ins, Sagit- tarius, Aquarius, Capriccrnus, 'Picesi from whence the Signs of the Ecliptick and Zodiack take their Names; rtho now no longer contiguous to the Confdcilations which denomi- nate them. See SIGN. - The other Stars, on the Northern Side of the Zodiack, were difpos'd into zti Conflellations, viz. Uja MaJor and, Minor, !Draco, Ccpheus, Bootes, Corona Se, tent) ionalis, Hercules, Lyra, (ygnus, CJIzojeia, Perfr ls, AJ;,drorneda, T'riangulum, Auriga. Poegajis, Eqfnueus, ZDelthinlls, &- gitta, Aquila, Ophiucus or Serpentarizis and Serpens To which have been fince added Antinoris, and Comia Berenices. The Stars on the South Side of the Zodiack, were diiiri- buted into fifteen Conflellations; their Names, Cetus, Eri- danus Fluvius, Lepus, Orion, Canis Major and Minor, Ar- go, Hydra, Crater, Corvus, Centaurus, Luzpzes, Ara, Corona Meridionalis, and Pifcis Auftralis: To which have been fince added twelve others; viz. Pi'enix, Gris, Indus, Ta- vo, 'Pfces Aufiralis, Pi/ces Volans, 21oucan, Hydri's, an4 xiphias. See each Conflellation, and the Stars contain'd in it, under its proper Head. Of thefe Conflellations, the fifteen laff, with the greatent Part of Argo, Navis, Centaurus, and Lupus are not vifiblc in our Horizon. The other Stars, not comprehended under thefe Conflella- tions, yet vifible to the naked Eye, the Antients called In- formes, or Sporades, fome whereof the modern Afironomers, have fince reduced into new Figures, or Conftellations. See INFORMES. Thus, Hevelius, v. g. between Leo and Urfa .fajor, makes Leo Minor; and between Urfa Minor and Auriga, over Ge- mini, makes Lynx i under the Tail of Urfa Major, Canes Venatici, &c. In thefe Conflellations, the Stars are ordinarily diflinguifh'd by that Part of the Image wherein they are found. Bayer diflinguifies 'em further by the Letters of the Greek Al- phabet: And many of 'em, again, have peculiar Names, as A~r urus, between the Feet of Bootes i Gemind, or Lneida, id the Corona Septentrionalis j Palilitium, i) the Bu!l's Bye, A 01 it lit TP ~G di I, a ic "V hi [.1 LI C oeI XI' I" f 'I 'Is Ii l 4
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