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Chambers, Ephraim, 1680 (ca.)-1740 / Cyclopædia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences : containing the definitions of the terms, and accounts of the things signify'd thereby, in the several arts, both liberal and mechanical, and the several sciences, human and divine : the figures, kinds, properties, productions, preparations, and uses, of things natural and artificial : the rise, progress, and state of things ecclesiastical, civil, military, and commercial : with the several systems, sects, opinions, &c : among philosophers, divines, mathematicians, physicians, antiquaries, criticks, &c : the whole intended as a course of antient and modern learning
(1728)
Channel - Chorus, pp. 193-212
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Page 193
^ . r 1 e t& 0 I '\ . - C HA ofe two Quantities a and b. Since they may be ci- ote a b or ba,; 'tis evident their Chages are 2- '. i. Suppofe the Quantities a h c: their Changes will be as in the Margin; as is evidentby combining c firfl with a b, then with b a; and hence the Num- ber of Changes arifes 3. 2. I -6. If the Quan- tities be 4, each may be combin'd four ways with each Order of three; whence their Number of Changes arifes 6. 4= 4. 3 2 1. = 2 4. Wherefore, the Number of Quantities fuppos'd in the Number of Changes, will be n n-i. 12-2. n-3. nl-4Sc. Same Quantity occur twice, the Cbanige of 2 will be buof 3 bab aibb, b ch of 4 cbab, bcab, babc. us the Number of Changes in the firfil Cafe will be I: . I. in the fecond, 3 =, 3. 2. I,: 2. I ; in T1 I 2-A. 2. 2. T I 2. T. . If a fifth Letter be added, in each Series of four Quan- tities, it will beget five Changes, whence the Number of all the Changes will be 60 =, 5. 4, 3. 2. I,: 2. I. Hence Changes will ben. n-I. n-i. 2n-3 In-4 c- IFrom thefe fpecial Formukel may be collected a general one, viz. if n be the Number of Quantities, and m the Number which {hews how oft the fame Quantity occurs; we Jhall have (n, n -.fln-2. n -3. n -4. n- 5.n 6. n -7. n -8. n - 9 WC.) : In - I m-2. In- 3. m -4. Fec.) The Series being to be coutinu'd, till the con- ´tinual Subflraaion of Unity from n and m leave o. After the fame manner we may proceed further, till putting n for the Number of Quantities, and .1, m, r, &c. for the Number that fhews how oft any of them is repeated, we arrive at an univerfal Form, (n - I . n-z. 2-3. n1-4. 52-~n - 6. - n7 n - 8. Sc.) 11I.I- 2.I- 3. -4-1-5. &c. Su pofe, for Inflance, n = 6, 1 3 r o. The Num- ber of Changes will be (6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1): 3. 2. I. 3 2 I )-(6. 5. 4) ? 3 - 2 (- 2- 5. 2-2 O. Hence, fuppofe thirteen Perfons at a Table, if it be re- quir'd how oft they may change Places, we (hall find the Number 13.12..II.0.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1. = 6227020800. - In this manner may all the pcjrible A4nagrams of any Word be found in all Languages, and that without any pofe, v. g. it were requir'd to find the Ana- e Word Amor, the Number of Changes will earn rmoa mare aro m aom mroa mao r aorm ameo monora - - a omr m oar raom roma c ora m ramo orma rmaeo oarm armo omra mirao oamr amro omar --- amor rio-m Yrams therefore of the Word Anmor, in the La- are Roma, Mora, Maro, Ramo, Armo. this new Method of Anagrammatizing be like much fervice to that Art, is left to the Poets. EL, in Anatomy, Chirurgery, Cc. See CANAL. L} or Bed of a River. See RIVER. is alfo us'd for divers Arms of the Sea, where runs within the Land, as alfo for certain nar- onfin'd between two adjacent Continents, or [d Continent, Cc. See SEA. rfe, we fay, St. George's Channel; the Britilh eChannelof the B lack Sea, of Conflantinople, Pc. in Building. See GUTTER, PIPE, PLUMBE- is particularly us'd in Architeclure, for a Part Capital, a little hollow'd, in' form of a Canal; the Abacus, and running the whole length of !olution of the Volute; inclos'd by a Lifiel. See 'At. of the Larmier, is the Softh of 'a Cornice; which pendant Mouchette. See LARMIER, and SOFFIT. of the VZolute, in the Ionic Capital, is the Face ivolution; inclosid by a Liftel. See VOLUr E. ELINGS. See FLUTINGS. ,or CHAUNT. See SONG. Cantus, is particularly us'd for the Vocal Mu- rches. i Hiffory we meet with divers Kinds of Chant, 'he firli is the Ambroflan, eflabliffi'd by St. See AMBROSIAN Chant. nd the Gregorian Chant, introduc'd by Pope e Great, who eflabliflh'd Schools of Chantors, 4d the Church Song. till retain'd in the Church under the Name of : At firfi it was call'd the Roman Song. n, or Gregorian Chant, is where the choir and ing in Unifon, or all together in the fame man- REGORIAN Chant. Zoyal. See COMEDY. 'LATE, in Building, a piece of Wood faffen' d rids of the Rafters, and projefing beyond the Wall, to fupport two or three Rows of Tiles, fo PIA'4 to prevent the Rain-Water from trickling down the Sideg of the Wall. CHANTER, or CHAUIJTOR' a Perfon who fings in the Choir of a Cathedral. See CHOIR, 6ec. All great Chapters have Chantors and Chaplains to eafe and affill the Canons, and officiate in their Abfence. See CHAPTER, CANON, C. . . St. Gregory firfl inifituted the Office of Chantors, ered- ing them into a Body, call'd Schola Cantorum: tho Asa-. ialUS feems to attribute their Rife to Pope Hilariy, who liv'd an hundred Years before Gregory. But the Word grows obfolete in this Senfe, and inflead thereof we ufe the Word Chorifter, or Singing-Man. See Cu ORISTER. CHANTOR is us'd, by way of Pxceilence, for the Prce- centor, or Mailer of the Choir, which is one of the firfl Dignities of the Chapter. The Chantor bears the Cope and the Staff at folemn Feflivals; and gives Tune to the reff at the beginning of Pfalms and Anthems. See PRMtCENTOR. The Antients cali'd the C1hantor Prirnicerius. See PRi- MICERIUS. To him formerly belong'd the DireEtion of the Deacons, and other inferior Miniflers. CHANTRY, a Chapel endow'd for the maintaining a Priefi, or Priefis, to fing Mafs for the Souls of the Founders- CHAOLOGY, the Hitiory or Decrription of the Chaos. See CHTAOS. Orpheus, in his Chaolog ', fets forth the different Altera- tions, Secretions, and divers Forms Matter went thro till it became inhabitable which amounts to the fame with what we otherwife call Cofinogony. See COSMOGONY. Dr. Burnet likewife gives us a Chaology, in his Theory of the Earth. He reprerents the Chaos, as it was at firit entire, undivided, and universally rude, and deform'd; or the bohbu Bohu: then fiews how it came divided into its refpe&ive Regions; how the homogeneous Matter ga- ther'd it felf apart from all of a contriry Principle; and lafily, how it harden'd and became a folid habitable Globe, See ELEMENT. CHAOS, among the antient Philofophers, was defcrib'd a dark, turbulent Atmofphere; or a diforderly Syflem, or Mixture of all forts of Particles together, without any Form or Regularity: out of which the World was form'd See WORLD. Chaos is every where reprefented as thefirfi Principle, Ovum, or Seed of Nature and the World. All the antient Sophifls, Sages, Naturalifis, Philofophers, Theologues, and Poets, hold that Chaos was the Eldeft and Firil Principle, XD Axilov I'd.,g - The fBarbarians, Pbenicians, Egyptians, Perf ans, &c. all refer the Origin of the World to a rude, mix'd, confus'd Mafs of Matter. The Greeks, Orpheus, ie/led, Menan- dfer, .4rilophanes, Euripides, and the Writers of Cyclic Poems, fpeak of -the firti Chaos: The Ion7ic, and Platonic Philofophers build the World out of it. The Stoics hold, that as the World was firfi made of a Chaos, it fhall at laft be reduc'd to a Chaos; and that all its Periods and Revo- lutions in the mean time, are only Tranfitions from one C'baos to another. Latily, the Latins, as Enhuius, Vav-ro, Ovid, Lucretius, Statius, &c. are all of the fame Opinion. Nor is there any Sea or Nation whatever, that does rot derive their At dx6Ttairhv, the Strudure of their Wurld, from a Chaos. The Opjnion arofe among the Barbariaizs, whence it fpread to &h e Greeks, and froml the Greeks to the Romans fand other iations. Dr. Burnet observes, that befides Ariflotle and a few other tfeude-Pythaeoreans, no body ever aferted, that our World was always, fron Eternity, of the fame Nature, Form, and Struaure as at prefent : but that it had been the flanding Opinion of the Wife Men of all Ages, that what we now call the Terrefirial Globe, was an uninform'd, indigefled Mafs of heterogeneous Matter, call'd C/aos; and no more than the Rudiments and Materials of the prefent World: It does not appear who firft broach'd the Notion of a Chaos. MXefs, the Eldefi of all Writers, derives the Origin of his World, from a Confufion of Matter, dark, voids deep, without form, which he calls f/'ohu Bobu; which is precifely the Chaos of the Greek and Barbarian Philofo- phers. And hence, poffibly, might thofe Philofophers de- rive their Chaos, with fome Alteration and Interpolation. Mofes goes no further than the Chaos ; nor tells us whence it took its Origin, or whence its confus'd S9ata ; and where Mofes flops, there, precifely, do all the reff. See ABYSS. Dr. 2Burnet endeavours to fhew, that as the antient Phi- lohophers, Eec. who wrote of the Cofniogcny, acknowledg'd a Chaos for the Principle of their World; fo do the Di- vines, or Writers of the Theogony derive the Origin' or Generation of their Gods from the fame Principle. See COSMOGONY, and THEoGONY; fee alfo GoI. Etve eMr.
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