Carnegie Commission on the Future of Public Broadcasting Records, 1969-1980


Summary Information
Title: Carnegie Commission on the Future of Public Broadcasting Records
Inclusive Dates: 1969-1980

Creator:
  • Carnegie Commission on the Future of Public Broadcasting
Call Number: Mss 787

Quantity: 10.6 c.f. (27 archives boxes)

Repository:
Archival Locations:
Wisconsin Historical Society (Map)

Abstract:
Records, mainly 1977-1979, of a Carnegie Corporation-sponsored study of public broadcasting that made recommendations for improvement in a published report, A Public Trust. Included are research reports and related background materials of staff and consultants; correspondence of staff, Chairman William McGill, and Executive Director Sheila Mahony; testimony (by Joan Ganz Cooney, Fred Friendly, John Gardner, Walter Heller, Frank Mankiewicz, and others) and agendas for hearings and special meetings; work plans; press material; photographs; and clippings. Research carried out by staff included case studies of programs such as The Adams Chronicles, All Things Considered, and Nova; funding sources; innovations in technological dissemination; and public participation and visits to Minnesota Public Radio and the British Broadcasting Corporation. Also included is correspondence and other material pertaining to the Freedom of Information suit brought by the commission to discover the politicization of programming during the Nixon Administration.

Language: English

URL to cite for this finding aid: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-mss00787
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Biography/History

On June 14, 1977 the Carnegie Commission on the Future of Public Broadcasting (sometimes referred to as Carnegie II) was announced by Alan Pifer, president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. The decision to form the commission and to fund it with a one million dollar grant was based on recommendations made by a Carnegie Task Force and by requests from the boards of both the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and National Public Radio. The commission originally consisted of twenty commissioners including Chairman William J. McGill, president of Columbia University, Stephen K. Bailey, Red Burns, Henry J. Cauthen, Peggy Charren, Bill Cosby, Wilbur B. Davenport, Jr., Virginia B. Duncan, Eli N. Evans, John W. Gardner, Alex P. Haley, Josie R. Johnson, Kenneth Mason, Bill Moyers, Kathleen Nolan, J. Leonard Reinsch, Tomas Rivera, and Beverly Sills. Bill Cosby and Beverly Sills later resigned due to professional commitments. The commission was assisted by a professional staff located in New York City and by Sheila Mahony who served as executive director.

The purpose of the commission was to evaluate the progress made in public broadcasting since the first (1967) Carnegie Commission report, Public Television : A Program For Action, and to provide recommendations for long range strategies in dissemination, funding, programming, and public participation. Public radio and the educational role of public broadcasting were to be a special focus of the analysis.

In October, 1977 the commission began a series of monthly hearings in Chicago, Washington, D.C., New York, Los Angeles, Columbia, S.C., Boston, Lincoln, and Dallas. Special meetings were also held on topics such as independent film and videomakers and on children and learning at which input was sought from consultants and experts in the field. The commission also surveyed public radio and public television stations, and staff members visited stations across the country, as well as in Canada, Great Britain, and Japan.

From July to December, 1978 the staff and commissioners compiled their research and documentation for the final report, A Public Trust, which was presented at a reception at the Waldorf Astoria on January 30, 1979.

Recommendations in A Public Trust included creation of a public telecommunications trust to replace the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and increased federal funding with a matching funds program (every three dollars raised locally to be matched by two Federal dollars) that was to be partially underwritten by spectrum fees paid by commercial stations. Other recommendations included completion of the public radio system, increased emphasis on program production and equal opportunity employment, and continued commitment to educational programming.

A Public Trust received extensive media and newspaper coverage and Chairman McGill was interviewed on the MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour and also appeared with commission member Bill Moyers on The Today Show. However, the commission's recommendations were generally ignored by the White House and by Congress.

Arrangement of the Materials

The collection contains reports, research materials and notes, correspondence, testimonies, work plans, agendas, clippings, some photographs and related materials and is divided into five series: BACKGROUND AND HISTORY, CHRONOLOGY FILES, MEETING FILES, CLASSIFIED FILES, and SUBJECT FILES.

Scope and Content Note

This collection contains materials collected and generated by the commission during its eighteen-month study, but it does not cover the activities of the small Carnegie Task Force and other bodies which led to the creation of Carnegie II, nor the implementation and/or impact of any of its recommendations.

Of the three groups of people involved with Carnegie II (commissioners, consultants, and professional staff), it is the activities of the staff that are best documented. The staff notes, correspondence, research materials, and reports make up the majority of the records, while the activities of the commissioners, especially William McGill, are primarily represented by their correspondence to the staff. The role of consultants is scattered throughout the collection.

Statements by witnesses and summaries of the testimony as well as agendas and related correspondence exist for many of the public hearings and for most of the special meetings. The documentation regarding the station surveys and visits is not complete, however. The largest portion of these collected materials deal with the visit to the Minnesota Public Radio Network and the trip to the British Broadcasting Corporation.

The BACKGROUND AND HISTORY series focuses on the publicity generated by the Commission and the final report. Included are clippings, press releases, photographs (in SHSW Sound and Visual Archives), and information on the public relations technique adopted by the commission. Similar information (also including photographs and a transcript of the proceedings) pertains to the release of the final report. For the report itself, the collection includes a copy of the final published volume which has been specially annotated to indicate the sources for factual assertions. There is, however, very little to document the evolution of the document during the drafting process, although further information on this may be found scattered within the internal memoranda.

CHRONOLOGY FILES consist of four files of correspondence and memoranda, each arranged chronologically. The arrangement is largely that which was used by the commission, and the distinction between the four categories is not precise. The main file is that of Sheila Mahony, the executive director. This file contains her incoming correspondence, some outgoing letters, and items routed to her by staff. Copies of some of William McGill's correspondence also appear here, but these items were probably selected for routing and do not reflect a complete record of McGill's correspondence. His correspondence was presumably part of files at Columbia University. Mahony's correspondence includes many letters to and from leaders in the public broadcasting community, although there are only scattered items pertaining to the participation of individual commissioners. (An exception is the lengthy commentary, November 28, 1977, prepared by John Gardner.)

The memoranda file, a chronological file of material circulated internally to the commission and the staff, is a much better source than the correspondence for studying the operation of the commission and for determining the rationale on which various policy issues were made.

The staff members files, which are subdivided alphabetically by name, contain a mixture of correspondence and memos to or from individual staff members. At the end of the section is a special file of memoranda concerning phone calls, interviews, and other contacts by staff with various broadcasting specialists.

The MEETING FILES contain documentation about regular commission meetings and hearings as well as special meetings sponsored by the commission or attended by members of the staff, all arranged together in chronological order. The files variously include agenda, memoranda, handwritten notes, background papers, and summaries of proceedings. For a few meetings (October 23, November 16, 1978) there are verbatim transcripts. In addition, there are transcripts of a few public hearings, and among these are presentations by such leaders in the profession as Joan Ganz Cooney (November 18, 1977) and Frank Mankiewicz and Fred Friendly (both May 19 20, 1978). Also filed here is a transcript of testimony presented by McGill and Walter Heller in 1979 in behalf of the commission at congressional hearings on broadcasting aspects of HR 3333.

The CLASSIFIED FILE is a weeded remnant of a file created by the commission staff for material related to their specialized investigations. This file is divided into: Radio, Instruction, Dissemination Task Force, Funding Task Force, Programming Task Force, Public Participation Task Force, and Miscellany. Within each of these categories the material was further subdivided, as required, into a numbered file of research reports prepared by staff or by consultants; research documentation, a numbered subject file; and memoranda. (The meeting files which were originally part of this classification scheme were removed to facilitate access.) Some categories have been eliminated through weeding, and in a few cases (indicated in the container list by the absence of identifying file numbers) items have been added. In all cases, the subject titles are those used by the commission.

Documentation on the Programming Task Force is particularly strong, including numerous cases studies of individual programs and series (such as Nova and The Adams Chronicles) and general programming operations. Also here are transcripts of interviews conducted by Nick DeMartino of broadcasting leaders such as Larry Grossman. The Radio file also includes a detailed case study of All Things Considered.

The SUBJECT FILES series consists of alphabetically arranged material not classified by the staff. The majority of the files here provide only fragmentary coverage. The chief exception are the Freedom of Information files which contain correspondence pertaining to the suit brought by the commission to discover the extent of President Nixon's politicization of public affairs programming.

Administrative/Restriction Information
Acquisition Information

Presented by the Carnegie Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1980. Accession Number: MCHC80-084


Processing Information

Processed by Brenda L. Spychalla (Intern), 1990.


Contents List
Series: Background and History Files
Box   1
Folder   1
Statement of Purpose and Background Information, 1977-1978, undated
Box   1
Folder   2
Commissioners' Biographies, undated
Publicity
Box   1
Folder   3-7
Clippings, 1978-1998, undated
Box   1
Folder   8
Press Releases, 1977-1979
Box   1
Folder   9
Public Relations Programs Prepared by NPO Task Force
Report, A Public Trust
Box   1
Folder   10
Briefing Material for Press Conference, 1979
Box   2
Folder   1
Press Conference Transcript, 1979
Box   2
Folder   2
Published Report and Sources, 1979
Box   2
Folder   3
Miscellaneous Chapter Drafts, 1978
Box   2
Folder   4
Memorandum of Law on Recommendations, 1978, undated
Box   2
Folder   5
Minority View, 1979
Box   2
Folder   6
Summary Review by PBS, 1979
Series: Chronology Files
Executive Director Mahony's Files
Box   2
Folder   7-11
1977, June-November
Box   3
1977, December-1978, May
Box   4
1978, May-1979, February
Box   5
Folder   1-3
1979, February-March
Memoranda
Box   5
Folder   4-9
1977, June-November
Box   6
1978, May-1979, February
Box   7
Folder   1-3
1979, March-June
Individual Staff Correspondence
Box   7
Folder   4
Beatty, Rick, 1977-1979
Box   7
Folder   5
Carpenter, Ted, 1977-1978
Box   7
Folder   6
Carradine, Sam, 1977-1978
Box   7
Folder   7
Demartino, Nick, 1978-1979
Box   7
Folder   8
Dort, Dennis, 1977-1979
Box   7
Folder   9
Goldstein, Michael, 1977-1978
Box   7
Folder   10
Josephson, Larry, 1978
Box   7
Folder   11
Low, Peter, 1978-1979
Box   7
Folder   12
Perkins, Laura, 1978
Box   7
Folder   13
Polsky, Richard, 1977-1979
Box   8
Folder   1
Stengel, Rob, 1977-1979
Miscellaneous Files
Box   8
Folder   2
Consultants' File, 1977-1978
Contact Reports
Box   8
Folder   3
Sheets, October 1977-June 1978
Box   8
Folder   4
Lists, November 1978
Series: Meeting Files
Box   9
Folder   1
September 19, 1977
Box   9
Folder   2
October 21, 1977
Box   9
Folder   3-4
November 17, 1977
Box   9
Folder   5-6
December 19, 1977
Box   9
Folder   7
Association of Independent Video and Filmmakers Hearing, January 25, 1978
Box   9
Folder   8-10
January 29-30, 1978
Box   9
Folder   11
Audience Research Symposium, February 10, 1978
Box   9
Folder   12
Seminar on Instructional Television and Radio, February 15, 1978
Box   10
Folder   1-3
February 20-21, 1978
Box   10
Folder   4
National Public Radio, March 2, 1978
Box   10
Folder   5-6
March 16-17, 1978
Box   10
Folder   7-9
Open Forum, April 12-13, 1978
Box   10
Folder   10
April 20, 1978
Box   10
Folder   11
Seminar on Financing Public Broadcasting, April 28, 1978
Box   11
Folder   1-2
May 19-20, 1978
Box   11
Folder   3
Program Managers Advisory Committee, May 31, 1978
Box   11
Folder   3a
PBS Long-Range Planning Meeting, May 31-June 2, 1978
Box   27
Folder   9
First Amendment and Television Programming Conference, June 3-4, 1978
Box   11
Folder   4
June 25, 1978
Box   11
Folder   5
July 18-20, 1978 (Retreat)
Box   11
Folder   6
CPB Conference on Television, August 6-8, 1978
Box   11
Folder   7
September 21, 1978
Box   11
Folder   8-9
October 22-23, 1978
Box   11
Folder   10-11
November 16, 1978
Box   11
Folder   12
December 7, 1978
Box   27
Folder   10
June 27, 1978, Mcgill and Heller Testimony to House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Subcommittee on Communications
Series: Classified Files
Instruction
Documentation
Box   12
Folder   1
1-CPB
Box   12
Folder   2
2-PBS
Box   12
Folder   3-4
3-Policy
Box   12
Folder   5
4-Testimony
Box   12
Folder   6-7
5-Program Suppliers
Box   12
Folder   8-10
6-Children's Television Workshop
Box   12
Folder   11
7-Utilization
Box   12
Folder   12
8-Learning Research
Box   12
Folder   13
9-Adult Learning
Box   12
Folder   14
10-Radio
Radio
Research Reports
Box   13
Folder   1
10-All Things Considered, Stengel, 1978
Box   13
Folder   2
20-“Visit to Minnesota Public Radio,” Goldstein, 1978
Box   14
Folder   8
40-“Public Radio (Why Radio; Money; and Legal, Technical, and Regulatory Issues),” Josephson, 1978
Box   13
Folder   3
50-“Radio-Issues and Options,” Low, 1978
Documentation, 1976-1979
Box   13
Folder   4
1-Costs
Box   13
Folder   5-6
Public Radio Factbook, 1977
Box   13
Folder   7
3-Satellite Interconnection
Box   13
Folder   8
4-Formats
Box   13
Folder   9
5-Development
Box   14
Folder   1
5-Development, continued
Box   14
Folder   2
6-Docket 20735: Spectrum Utilization
Box   14
Folder   3
7-Audiences
Box   14
Folder   4
8-National Federation of Community Broadcasters
Box   14
Folder   5-6
9-Minnesota Public Radio
Dissemination Task Force
Research
Box   14
Folder   7
3-“Public Broadcast Dissemination: Background, Issues and Options,” Carradine, 1978
Box   14
Folder   9
4-“Mission, Services: Technology: An Agenda of Issues,” Carey, 1978
Box   14
Folder   10
5-“The Context of Public Broadcasting: Technology/Dissemination Issues,” Stengel, 1978
Box   14
Folder   11
6-“CONVOCOM: A Public Telecommunications Model,” Stengel, 1978
Box   14
Folder   12
7-“Innovative Uses Of Telecommunications: A Summary of Experiments, Demonstrations & Applications,” Rudick, 1978
Box   14
Folder   13
“Communication Satellite Experimenter's Conference: a Summary Report” and “Communication Satellites and the Public Interest” McGrew, 1976
Documentation
Box   15
Folder   1-2
3-Public Service Aspects
Box   15
Folder   3-4
4-Regional Networks
Box   15
Folder   5
5-UHF
Box   15
Folder   6
7-Public Television Coverage, Area Pop.
Box   15
Folder   7
8-Station Facilities
Box   15
Folder   8-9
11-Instructional Television Fixed Service
Box   15
Folder   10
14-Facilities Program
Funding Task Force
Research
Box   15
Folder   11
10-“Funding of Public Broadcasting,” Beatty, 1978
Box   15
Folder   12-13
20-“Financial Practices in Public Broadcasting,” Beatty, 1978
Box   16
Folder   1
20-“Financial Practices in Public Broadcasting,” Beatty, 1978, continued
Documentation, 1971-1979
Costs
Box   16
Folder   2
1-General
Box   16
Folder   3
2-T.V. Programs
Box   16
Folder   4
3-T.V. Stations
Box   16
Folder   5
4-Radio Stations
Income Targets
Box   16
Folder   6
5-General
Box   16
Folder   7-8
6-Membership
Box   16
Folder   9
7-Corporations
Box   17
Folder   1-4
8-State and Local Government
Box   17
Folder   5
10-Station Aggregation
Box   17
Folder   6
11-Institutional Stations
Box   17
Folder   7
13-Underwriting
Box   17
Folder   8-10
14-Radio
Box   18
Folder   1-2
15-Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Box   18
Folder   3
16-CPB-PBS Programming Process
Box   18
Folder   4
17-PBS Planning Process
Box   18
Folder   5
18-GAO Audit
Box   18
Folder   6
19-Government Agencies
Memoranda
Box   18
Folder   7
1-Task Force Work Plans, 1977-1978
Programming Task Force
Research
Box   18
Folder   8-9
10-“Independent Television Production and the Public Broadcasting System,” Demartino, 1978
Box   18
Folder   10
20-“PTV System Funds for National Programming,” 1978
Box   19
Folder   1
20-“PTV System Funds for National Programming,” 1978, continued
Box   19
Folder   2-3
30-Newsroom, Perkins, 1978
Box   19
Folder   4
40-“NPACT, a National Public Affairs Center,” Perkins, 1978
Box   19
Folder   5
50-Woman Alive, Perkins, 1978
Box   19
Folder   6
60-“Description of WNET's Programming Schedule,” Perkins, 1978
Box   19
Folder   7
70-“Program Development: Managing the Creative Process,” Perkins, 1978
Box   19
Folder   8
80-“Local Programming and Public Television,” Perkins, 1978
Box   19
Folder   9
90-“Television Production in Public Broadcasting,” by Laura Perkins, 1978
Box   19
Folder   10
100-NOVA, by Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   1
110-The Adams Chronicles, Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   2
120-“Case Study: The South Carolina ETV and Radio Network,” Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   3
130-“Precis of The Federal Role in Funding Children's Television Programming by Mielke, Johnson And Cole,” Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   4
140-“Peer Review and Its Implications for Public Broadcasting,” Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   5
150-“The Role of Foundations in Public Broadcasting,” Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   6
160-“The Local Broadcast Schedule: An Examination of Nine Licensees,” by Richard M. Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   7
170-“Public Broadcasting Training Programs,” Polsky, 1978
Box   20
Folder   8
180-“Toward a New Vernacular: Notes on the Future of Public Broadcasting,” by Demott, 1978
Box   20
Folder   9
190-“BBC Outline,” Dort, 1978
Box   20
Folder   10
200-“Distribution and Use of Public Television Programs,” Woodward, 1978
Documentation, 1970-1978
Box   20
Folder   11-12
1a-CPB Program Funding
Box   21
Folder   1
2-Community Service Grants
Box   21
Folder   2
4-PBS Program Statistics
Box   21
Folder   3
5-OTP Funding Guidelines
Box   21
Folder   4
6-Satellite Interconnection
Box   21
Folder   5
7-Program Research
Box   21
Folder   6
8-Public Television Library
Box   21
Folder   7-10
Demartino Interview Transcripts, 1978
Memoranda
Box   22
Folder   1
Policy Paper Drafts, 1977-1978
Public Participation Task Force
Research
Box   22
Folder   2-3
10-“Originality and Pluralism,” Carpenter, 1979
Box   22
Folder   4
20-“KQED: A Case Study on Mission and Governance,” Carpenter, 1978
Box   22
Folder   5
30-“Models for Congressional Support of Public Broadcasting,” Carpenter and Dort, 1979
Box   22
Folder   6
40-“Public Attitudes Towards Public Broadcasting,” Setlow, 1978
Box   22
Folder   7
50-“A Public Television Research Plan,” Metzger, 1978
Box   22
Folder   8-9
60-“Ascertainment and Research in Public Broadcasting,” Rowland, 1978
Box   22
Folder   10
70-“Governance Case Studies,” Dawson, 1979
Documentation, 1975-1978
Box   23
Folder   1
1-Public Affairs Programming
Box   23
Folder   2
2-Audience Measurement
Box   23
Folder   3
3-Independent Producers
Box   23
Folder   4
4-Radio
Box   23
Folder   6
6-Minorities
Box   23
Folder   7
7-CPB Minority Task Force Report
Box   23
Folder   8
8-Public Participation
Box   23
Folder   9-10
9-Public Participation Task Force Report
Box   24
Folder   1-2
10-Regionalism
Box   24
Folder   3
11-Governance
Box   24
Folder   4
12-Final Report Documentation, Public Participation Chapter
Box   24
Folder   5
13-Braren, Warren (Consumers Union)
Box   24
Folder   6
14-Fore, Bill (National Council of Churches)
Memoranda
Box   24
Folder   7
1-Work Plans, November 1977-January 1978
Miscellaneous Files
Research
Box   24
Folder   8
10-“The Public Broadcasting Act, the FCC, and the Courts,” Dort, 1977
Box   24
Folder   9
20-“CPB's Function as a System Insulator,” Dort, 1978
Box   24
Folder   10-11
30-“Possible Contexts of the Future of Public Broadcasting,” Goldstein, 1978
Box   24
Folder   12
40-“Relationship Between Television and Literacy,” Goldstein, 1977
Box   24
Folder   13-14
50-“Public Television-Facts and Foibles,” Rice, 1978
Scope and Content Note: Includes: I. “Is Localism Next To Cleanliness?”
II. “Is Local Programming a Public Affair?”
III. “Money!!!”
IV. “Standards--Whose?”
V. “The Best Time: Transponding to Community Needs”
VI. “Who Decides Who Decides?”
Box   24
Folder   15
60-“A Decade of Public Broadcasting--1967-77,” Esplin, 1978
Box   25
Folder   1
70-“The Politics of Public Broadcasting at the National Level--1973-78,” Avery and Pepper, 1978
Box   25
Folder   2
80-“Japanese Public Broadcasting,” Geller, 1978
Box   25
Folder   3
90-“Broadcast Practices in Europe and Canada,” Dordick, 1978
Series: Subject Files
Box   25
Folder   4
Anti-Trust (US v. Topco), undated
Box   25
Folder   5
“Ascertainment and Research in Public Broadcasting,” Rowland, 1978
Box   25
Folder   6-13
Aspen Institute Papers
Box   25
Folder   14
BBC, Correspondence and Miscellany, 1978
Box   25
Folder   15
“Blacks Brittanica,” 1978
Box   25
Folder   16
Cable Television Report, 1977
Box   25
Folder   17
Dow-Lownes Plan for Revision of Communications Act, 1978
Freedom of Information Act Suit
Box   25
Folder   18
Correspondence and Reports, 1978-1979
Box   25
Folder   19
OTP Public Broadcasting Records Inventory, undated
Box   26
Folder   1-7
Xeroxed Documents, 1969-1974
Box   26
Folder   8
Government Trusts and Dedicated Taxes, undated
Box   27
Folder   11
Kentucky Instructional Television, Report to CCII, 1978
Box   26
Folder   9
Law and Policy, Miscellany, 1978-1979
Box   27
Folder   1
Minorities, September 1977-March 1979
Box   27
Folder   1a
National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting, 1977
Box   27
Folder   2
National Emergency Civil Liberties Foundation, 1977
Box   27
Folder   3
National Institute of Health, undated
Box   27
Folder   4
Pluralistic Programming, Implication for Regulation of Mass Media, undated
Box   27
Folder   5
Satellite Interconnection, 1977
Box   27
Folder   6
“Scarlet Letter” Funding, 1977
Box   27
Folder   7
Station Program Cooperative, 1977-1978
Box   27
Folder   8
Trust and Endowment Board, 1978