Carry On Icelandic: Culture [selections] (2004)
Handritin heim - Bringing the Manuscripts Home
Handritin heim
Árni Magnússon (1663-1730) var fornfræðingur og handritasafnari. Hann safnaði öllum þeim handritum og skjölum sem hann komst yfir. Hann flutti safn sitt til Kaupmannahafnar en hluti þess glataðist í eldi í Kaupmannahöfn 1728. Árni ánafnaði Hafnarháskóla safn sitt og við hann eru kenndar Stofnun Árna Magnússonar á Íslandi og Arnamagnæanske Institut í Kaupmannahöfn.
Stofnun Árna Magnússonar starfar innan vébanda Háskóla Íslands. Stofnunin varðveitir og hefur umsjón með þeim handritum og skjölum sem flutt hafa verið til Íslands frá Danmörku.
Íslendingar hafa nú fengið flestöll handritin heim frá Danmörku (Icelanders have now received all the manuscripts back from Denmark).
Íslendingar töldu handritin íslenska þjóðardýrgripi og beittu sér fyrir að fá þau aftur heim til Íslands. Danir tóku því fjarri í fyrstu en samningar um skil handritanna tókust milli landanna 1961. Afhending handritanna hófst með því að freigáta úr danska flotanum sigldi til Íslands 1971 með tvær höfuðgersemar íslenskra handrita; Flateyjarbók og Konungsbók eddukvæða. Þau eru nú varðveitt á Stofnun Árna Magnússonar á Íslandi ásamt öðrum íslenskum handritum sem flutt hafa verið heim frá Danmörku.
Í Konungsbók eddukvæða eru varðveitt kvæði af fornum goðum og hetjum. Fremst er kvæðið Völuspá, veraldarsaga sem segir frá sköpun heims og manna. Kvæðið er lagt í munn völvu (spákonu) sem segir frá sköpuninni, ófriði í heimi goðanna og atburðum sem leiða til ragnaraka, en þau ná hámarki er heimur allur brennur. Í lokakafla kvæðisins segir frá því hvernig heimurinn rís á ný. Næst Völuspá er hið mikla heilræðakvæði Hávamál. Fyrsti hluti kvæðisins hefur verið nefndur Gestaþáttur. Þar segir frá manni sem kemur ókunnugur í heimsókn og hvernig hyggilegast sé fyrir hann að haga sér. Þá er fjallað um mikilvægi visku og vináttu o.fl.
Úr Hávamálum
Ungur var eg forðum,
fór eg einn saman,
þá varð eg villur vega.
Auðigur þóttumst
er eg annan fann,
maður er manns gaman.
Afhendingu handrita lauk 1997. Með farsælli lausn handritamálsins hvarf óvild í garð Dana að mestu leyti á Íslandi. Handritamálið hefur haft fordæmisgildi í alþjóðasamskiptum fyrir þjóðir sem reynt hafa að sækja eigin fornminjar í hendur fyrrum nýlenduherra.
Bringing the Manuscripts Home
Árni Magnússon (1663-1730) was an antiquarian, an historian interested in Iceland's past, and a collector of manuscripts. He collected every manuscript and text which he came across. He moved his collection to Copenhagen, part of which was lost in the fire of Copenhagen in 1728. Árni bequeathed his collection to the University of Copenhagen. Stofnun Árna Magnússonar á Íslandi (The Árni Magnússon Institute in Iceland) and the Arnamagnæanske Institut in Copenhagen are named after him.
Stofnun Árna Magnússonar works in connection with Háskóli Íslands (The University of Iceland). The Institute preserves and has the supervision of the manuscripts and texts which have been brought back to Iceland from Denmark.
Icelanders considered the manuscripts to be Icelandic national treasures and have worked hard to get them back to their home in Iceland. At first, the Danish refused completely but negotiations between the countries about the return of the manuscripts took place in 1961. The delivery of the manuscripts began in 1971, when a frigate from the Danish fleet sailed to Iceland with two of the most prized Icelandic manuscripts, Flateyjarbók and Konungsbók eddukvæði. these manuscripts are now preserved at Stofnun Árna Magnússonar in Iceland, together with other Icelandic manuscripts which have been returned home from Denmark.
Konungsbók eddukvæði preserves poems about the ancient gods and heroes. The first of them is the poem (in Icelandic, kvæði) Völuspá, a saga of the world which describes the fate of the world and of man. The poem is spoken through the words of a prophetess who tells of the creation of the world, of war in the world of the gods, and the events which lead to the destruction of the gods and the world, the so-called Ragnarök which reaches its climax when the world burns. The final chapter of the poem describes how the world rises anew. After Völuspá comes the great ethical poem Hávamál. The first part of the poem has been called the Gestaþáttur, (literally the guests' story), which describes a man who makes a unannounced visit and how best he should behave. Then the poem discusses the importance of wisdom and friendship, and other things.
From Hávamál
Young was I once,
I walked alone,
and bewildered seemed in the way;
then I found me another
and rich I thought me,
for man is the joy of man.
(The Elder or Poetic Edda, commonly known as Sæmund's Edda, part I: The Mythological Poems, edited and translated by Olive Bray (London: Printed for the Viking Club, 1908), pp. 61-111.)
The delivery of the manuscripts ended in 1997. With the successful release of the manuscripts, animosity towards the Danes did, for the most part, disappear. The manuscript issue has created a precedence for nations who have tried to get their own cultural artefacts and relics out of the hands of former colonial rulers.
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