Carry On Icelandic: Culture [selections] (2004)
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Höfuðborgin Reykjavík - Reykjavík, the Capital
Höfuðborgin Reykjavík
Suðvesturhorn Íslands er þéttbýlasti hluti þess og þar er höfuðborgin Reykjavík, norðlægasta höfuðborg jarðar. Reykjavík stendur við suðaustanverðan Faxaflóa. Veðurfar í Reykjavík er milt og þar er fremur lítill munur sumars og vetrar miðað við ýmsa aðra landshluta. Þar er einnig fremur votviðrasamt og rignir að meðaltali 200 daga á ári.
Frá Árbæjarlaug í Reykjavík. Sund er vinsæl tómstundaiðkun og á góðum sólardögum eru sundstaðir yfirfullir (From Árbæjarlaug in Reykjavík. Swimming is a popular past-time activity, on sunny days the swimming pools soon become overcrowded).
Upphaf byggðar í Reykjavík er rakið til þess er fyrsti landnámsmaðurinn, Ingólfur Arnarson, settist þar að. Um það segir svo í Landnámabók sem er talin frá fyrri hluta 12. aldar og elsta heimild um landnám Íslands:
Þá er Ingólfur sá Ísland, skaut hann fyrir borð öndvegissúlum sínum til heilla; hann mælti svo fyrir, að hann skyldi þar byggja, er súlurnar kæmu á land. (Íslendingabók og Landnáma. Rvk. 1986, bls. 42)
Hann sendi þræla sína að leita súlnanna, tók sér búsetu þar sem þær fundust og nefndi staðinn Reykjavík. Fornleifarannsóknir á þeim stað sem hann er sagður hafa reist bæ sinn styðja þá hefðbundnu skoðun að þar hafi búið fyrstu íbúar Reykjavíkur.
Um miðja 18. öld hófst skipuleg uppbygging þéttbýlis í Reykjavík. Bærinn öðlaðist kaupstaðarréttindi 1786, þá voru íbúar hans 167. Í upphafi 20. aldar voru þeir 5000 en nú er Reykjavík langstærsti þéttbýlisstaður landsins með yfir 100.000 íbúa og yfir 60% þjóðarinnar býr á höfuðborgarsvæðinu öllu.
Kópavogur, sem byggðist eftir seinna stríð, er nánast samvaxinn Reykjavík og samfelld byggð er yfir í Hafnarfjörð, gamlan útgerðar- og verslunarbæ, sem er nokkrum kílómetrum sunnar.
Í um 50 km fjarlægð suður af Reykjavík er kaupstaðurinn Keflavík. Skammt suður af Keflavík er Keflavíkurflugvöllur. Hann er stærsti flugvöllur á Íslandi, byggður af herliði Bandaríkjamanna í seinni heimsstyrjöldinni og tekinn í notkun 1943. Við Keflavíkurflugvöll er bandarísk herstöð.
Utan Reykjavíkur er byggðin dreifð um láglendið meðfram ströndinni og borgin heldur áfram að stækka á kostnað landsbyggðarinnar. Miklir fólksflutningar utan af landi til borgarinnar hafa átt sér stað á undanförnum árum og virðist ekkert lát þar á. Þykir mörgum sem stefni í að talað verði um borgríkið Reykjavík fremur en þjóðríkið Ísland.
Reykjavík, the Capital
The southwest corner of Iceland is the most densely populated region and the location of the capital Reykjavík, the northernmost capital in the world. Reykjavík is situated on the southeast coastline of Faxaflói. The city's climate is mild and, compared with some other parts of the country, there is rather little difference between summer and winter. It is also rather rainy, with an average of 200 precipitous days per year.
The source of the settlement in Reykjavík can be traced back to when Ingólfur Arnarson, the first Norse settler in Iceland, established himself in the area. His story is related in Landnámabók (The Book of Settlements), estimated to be from the early part of the twelfth-century and the oldest source of information about the settlement of Iceland:
When Ingólfur saw Iceland, he threw his high-seat posts overboard for good luck. He declared that he would establish himself at the place where the beam came to land. (Íslendingabók og Landnáma. Rvk. 1986, bls. 42)
He sent his slaves to find the posts, set up his farm where they were found, and named the place Reykjavík. Archaeological excavations of the place he is said to have established his farm do lend support to the traditional view that it is the location of Reykjavík's first residents.
Áður fyrr voru þvottar þvegnir utandyra í heitum laugum í Reykjavík (In the past washing in Reykjavík was done by using hot water from natural springs).
The organized building of an urban area in Reykjavík began in the mid eighteenth-century. The town was granted a trading licence in 1786, at which time the number of residents was 167. At the beginning of the twentieth-century, their number was 5,000. Today, Reykjavík is by far the largest urban area in the country, with over 100,000 inhabitants and 60% or more of the nation living in the Reykjavík and its surrounds.
Kópavogur, which was established after World War II, is practically growing alongside Reykjavík, and the general urban area extends to Hafnarfjörður, an old fishing and trading town that lies a few kilometres to the south.
About 50 kilometres south of Reykjavík is Keflavík, just south of which is Keflavík Airport. It is the largest airport in Iceland, and was built by American troops during World War II and began operating in 1943. Situated alongside Keflavík Airport is the American military base.
Development around Reykjavík is spread over lowlands on the beach, and the town continues to get larger at the expense of the countryside. Many people have moved from the country to the city in past years and there appears to be no break in the level of new development. To many, this trend leads one to speak of the "city state" of Reykjavík rather than a nation state of Iceland.
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