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MILLINERY 
    Taffeta, twilled and soft makes of satin ribbon, can be washed 
and ironed several times without becoming hard or splitting, 
but many heavier makes lose all their suppleness after ironing 
and cannot be made into pretty bows even after one washing. 
    In making a large bow of silk, satin, or velvet ribbon, the 
weight of the finished trimming must be considered. A heavy 
bow will overweight the hat and probably over-balance it. 
    Velvet ribbon is made with a cotton, silk or satin back, and 
the one with the silk back is usually thinner and of lighter weight. 
Cir6, or waxed ribbon, is stout and weatherproof. 
    Canvas, gauze and fine " tissue" ribbons look dainty and 
wear well in the warm months, but tinsel and metal tissues often 
tarnish and lose their brightness when worn in the fog and rain. 
A picot or fancy edge to the ribbon softens the outline of a 
trimming, especially on children's hats. 
   When making bows let the loops and ends be in good pro- 
portion to one another, as well as to the hat that is being 
trimmed. Support loops and ends with fine wire, tape wire, 
narrow flat straw, or muslin, if they will not stand against wind 
and weather otherwise, but remember that these props always 
add weight to the hat. Use strong cotton or silk to wrap the 
waist of the bow and avoid unnecessary stitching. Pleats should 
be even and the bow firm and taut with a neat wrap-over, well 
finished. 
   A bow having two loops and two ends made neat with a 
wrap-over is one of the most simple forms to attempt. 
   The quantity of ribbon required depends upon the width 
and the size of the bow. If the ribbon is 3 in. wide, 27 in. makes 
a nicely proportioned bow ; if the ribbon is 4 in. to 6 in. wide, 
36 in. is a better length for the bow. 
   In proportioning for a two-loop and two-ended bow, leave 
the ribbon 41 in. for the wrap at, say, the left end of a length 
of ribbon, and mark the remaining 221 in. equally into three 
divisions of 71 in. each-for two loops and ends. 
   Commence pleating at the right-hand end of the ribbon (Fig. 1), 
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