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MAtJS among Anatomidfs, is all that Parf of the Body
*vhich reacheth from the Buttocks to the Toes; and is di-
vided into 7'high, Leg, and Foot. See each in its Place,
ttilon, Efc.
CRUSCA, an Italian Term, fignifying Bran, or what
remains of Meal after the Flower has been fifted out.
It is only in ufe among us for that celebrated Academy
call'd Della Crufca, edlablilh'd at Florence, for the Purity
and Perfeclion of the 71afcan Language. See ACADEMY.
The Academy took its Name from its Office, and the End
propos'd by it; which is, to purify the Language, and as it
were to feparate it from the Bran. Accordingly, its De-
vice is a Sieve, and its Motto, Il pin bet fior ne coglie;
that is, It gathers the fineft Flower thereof.
In the Hall or Apartment where the Academy meets, M.
Monconis informs us, every thing bears an Allufion to the
Name and Device: the Seats are in form of a Baker's Baf-
ket; their Backs like a Shovel for moving of Corn: The
Culhions of gray Sattin in form of Sacks, or Wallets; and
the Branches where the Lights are difpos'd, likewife refem-
ble Sacks.
The Diflionary Della Crufca is an excellent Italian Dic-
tionary, compos'd by this Academy.
CRUSTA Villofa, in Anatomy, the fourth Tunic, or
Coat, of the Stomach. See STOMACH.
On the inner Surface of this Coat, are feen innumerable
Villi or Fibrille, rifing every where perpendicularly from it;
which fome will have to ferve for nothing but a Defenfative
to the Stomach, to preferve it from acrimonious Humours:
but Dr. Drake rather takes 'em to be excretory Duas to
the fubjacent Glands; which fome Authors would have to
be that now exploded thing a 'Parenchyma; but which are,
indeed, the Organs by which modl of that Humour which
is difcharg'd upon the Stomach, is feparated; and thefe
Villi the immediate Channels thro' which it is convey'd. See
STOMACH.
CRIJSTACEOUS hflies, in Natural Hilory, are thofe
cover'd with Shells, confiding of feveral Pieces, or Scales;
as thofe of Crabs, Lobders, kec. See FIsHEs.
Thefe are ufually fofter than thofe of the Tediaceous kind,
which confide of a fingle piece, ufually much thicker and
1ironger than the former; fuch as thofe of the Oyder, Scal-
lop, Cockle, Lec. See SHELL.
Dr. Woodward obferves, in his Natural Hifory, that of
all the Shells and Nautili found in Beds of all the different
Matters dug out of 'the Earth, there are fcarce any of the
Cruftaceous Kind: The Reafon he gives for it is, that thefe
being much lighter than the redf, mud have floated on the
Surface at the time of the Deluge, when all the Strata were
form'd; and there have corrupted and perifh'd. SeeDELUGE.
CRUZADO, in Commerce, is a Vlortugueze Coin, fruck
under Alphonfus V. about the Year 1457, at the Time when
Pope Calixtus fent thither the Bull of a Croifade, againdf
the Infidels. See COIN.
It had its Name from a Crofs, which it bears on one fide;
the Arms of Portugal being on the other. A Cruzade is
of the Value of 40 Sols. See SOL.
CRUZADO, or CROISADE, an Expedition to the Holy
Land. See CROISADE.
;CRYPTA, a fubterraneous Place, or a Vault; efpecially
under a Church, for the Interment of particular Families, or
Perfons. See TOMB.
S. Ciampini, describing the Outfide of the Vatican, fpeaks
of the Crypte of St. Andrew, St. Paul, &c. See CATA-
COMB.
TVitruvius ufes the Word for a Part of a Building, an-
fwcring nearly to our Cellar; 5uvenal, for a Cloaca.
Hence, Crypto-Portico, a fubterraneous Place, arch'd, or
vaulted; us'd as an Underwork, or Pafage in old Walls. The
fame is alfo us'd for the Decoration at the Entry of a Grotto.
See GROTTO.
CRYPTA, is alfo ufed by fome of our antient Writers, for
a Chapel, or Oratory under ground: Egreflo toto convents,
accepta abfconfa fi nox eft vadit per cryptam. Du Cange.
The Word is form'd of the Greek xgufSix, abfcondo, I hide;
whence xwrn, Crypte.
CRYPTOGRAPHY, the Art of Secret Writing, or wri-
ting in Cipher. See CIPH1ER, and DECIPHERING.
The Word is compounded of Xpu4la, I hide, and Tcw',
.j defcribe.
CRYSTAL, in Natural Hidlory, a Kind of Mineral; or
rather, a transparent Stone, white, like a Diamond, but much
inferior thereto in Ludre and Hardnefs; ufed for Vafes,
Urns, Mirrors, Uic.
The Antients were but little acquainted with the Nature
of Cryftal: Pliny fpeaks of it as harden'd, petrified Water,
which was the popular Opinion of thofe Days; but Expe-
rience has fhewn us the contrary: for by a Chymical Analyfis,
inflead of refolving into Water, it yields nothing but a Calx,
Earth, and Salts.
For the Places where 'tis found, Pliny adds, that he has
feen i-tdug from off the higheft and roughed Rocks of the
C R Y
Alps; whenice, doubtlefs, its Name of RAct
Sometimes alfo found in Brooks and Rivers,
there; only wafh'd down thither from off tht
the violent Rains.
Several Mountains of Europe, and fbone of
Rock-CryJial: If we may believe the Fres
Madagafcar, that Ifland yields more than
befides..
Its Perfeaion confifds in its Lufire and Trai
with Straws, Dull, Clouds, Wc. is little valt
quently found Hexagonal; the Edges inim
accurate.
'Tis cut or engrav'd in the fame manner, with ti
Inflruments, and by the fame Workmen as Diamond
DIAMOND, and ENGRAVING.
Cryjial is of fome ufe in Medicine, being an AX,
and as fuch ufed in Diarrhaas and Dyfenreries:
ufed to increafe the Milk of Nurfes; and, further, is e
a good Antidote againrf Arfenic.
The Word comes from the Greek xu-dm&,
form'd of xpv&F, frigus, and rsimasut, concrefco, be
its resembling Ice.
TZ'e Formation of CRYSTAL, is deliver'd by F. I
Lana in the Philofophical T'ranaLions, to this
' In the Val Sabbia 1 obferv'd a fpacious round of
' dow, fome Parts whereof were bare of all Herbs;
'in, and no where elfe thereabout, Cryflals -art gen
' all Sexangular; both Points terminating in a py
' Figure, likewife Sexangular. The Country-Peo)
' me, They were produc'd from the Dews ; becaufe,
' footh, being gather'd over night, there would others a
Ionly in a ferene and dewy Sky. But having obferv'd
' there was no mark of any Mine thereabout, I conch
'it might be a plenty of Nitrous Steams; which at
CCas _ Slil InL L     LLI-  V        __L4LIU   ALd mor D
lameU tLmeH m1lgn lE c mIUL IV Cr~UtanonI OH InOle
and coagulate the Dew falling thereon: For Nitr
only the natural Coagulum of Water, as is mai
' artificial Glaciations, but ever retains the abovefai3
gular Figure; which, by the way, may be the C
' the Sexangular Figure of Snow.
-    ' Since Cryflals are only found in thofe
p r-A-   ti p rI I a , Inence are ra_ a   e .I aIa
- flaces, tis probable, inence are rais c the Exhalai
' that concrete the Dew ; after the fame manner as the
' pour or Exhalation of Lead coagulates Quickfilver.'
Rohault fhews, that CryJfal, Diamond, &c. mufd I
been originally liquid, from their Figure, which is fuct
Drops or Water of the fame Size muld neceffarilv have;
fuch as Globu-es of Meal or Flower, heap'd up and
- *    I a_ .  .   I  .  *I.  I  -     _    I
prels d by their own weight, might nave: For as each L
tal is encompafs'd and clofed round with fix others; fo it
comes modell'd into a hexangular Body, confiding of e
and fquare Sides.
R~oerhaave takes Cryfial to be the proper Matter, or
fis of all Gems or Precious Stones, which affume this oi
that Colour, Wc. from the different Admixture of Mineral
and Metalline Fumes, with the primitive Cryflalline Matter
See STONE, GEM, Sc.
CRYSTAL is alfo ufed for a faaitious Body, cad in the
Glafs-Houfes; called alfo Cryflal-Glafs. See GLASS.
It is, in effet, a Glafs; but carried, in the Melting, and
in the Matter whereof it is compos'd, to a degree of Per
fedion far beyond the common Glafs; tho it comes far fhori
of the Whitenefs and Vivacity of the Natural Cryflal.
The bedl Artificial Cryflals are thofe made at Aouran
near Venice; call'd Venice Cryflals.
CRYSTALS, in Chymiflry, exprefs Salts, or other Matters,
fhot, or congeal'd in manner of Cryflal. See CRYSTALLI-
ZATION. Thus,
CRYSTAL of Allum, is Allum purified, and reduced into
Cryflals, in the fame manner as Tartar. In like manner are
Vitriol, Nitre, and other Salts cryflalliz'd.
Cryflals of Allum are quadrangular, and brilliant like
Diamonds; thofe of Nitre, white, and oblong; thofe d
Vitriol, green, quadrangular, and Thining. See SALT.
CRYSTAL, or Cream of Tartar, is that Drug purify'd aid
diffolv'd, and again coagulated in form  of Crfals. See
TARTAR.
To prepare it, they boil Tartar in Water, inim it, and
drain it; when cool, there are form'd little white, hining
Cryflals at the Edges, as alfo a Pellicle, or Cream fwim
mipg a-top.
The Cream and Cryftals were antiently fuppoed to be
different; but are now found the fame Thing. See CaREAM.
Cryflal of Tartar is efdeem'd Purgative, and Aperitive;
------ :_            -1~rnia  ftr    0-o~rl rea   -A lnterrvii-
properAl          -Ull ySLmULAAllI ~ "W
ting Fevers.
CRYSTAL of Tartar cbalybeated, is when 'tis
ted with the mod difibluble Parts of Iron. See C::
CRYSTAL of TIartar emetic,. is when 'tis ch
the fulphureous Parts of Antimony, to render it
See EMETIC.                -.
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