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as backward and forward without
id ordinarily the one a contrary
h the Antients, Arifttle,  Pliny,
pofed to have no Eyes at all, are
a notable Inflance of the Diverfity
Vifion. For that Animal living
Sight would generally be ufelefs
a Part as the Eye troublesome.
but thofe fo exceedingly fmall,
far in the Head, and cover'd fo
air, that they cannot ordinarily be
Sifervice to it. Yet, to guide and
i it chances to be above ground,
,Ahneider, Mr. Derham, and others,
protend, or put them forth beyond
raw them back at Pleafure, fome-
of Snails.
dIurnal Animals is a Part not yet
it of T'apetum at the Bottom   of
a Kind of Radiation on the Pupil,
and catch their Prey in the Dark.
vjtzs vfus eft Oculi pupiam  qua]
are - quare in Fe/e plurimuto
zi, Avibus W  Pifcibus deekt.  De
r6me Perforts the Iris has a Faculty
Light: And inflances in a Man
. .- after a plenti dnkin.   f .
neroqus Wine, could fee to read in the darkeit Night.
WViTis, ibid.
The like !P/ihy tells us of 'lob. Ciej'ar, that upon his firfi
Caking in the Night, he could' fee every Thing for a little
while, as if in broad Day light. Nat. Hifl, L. 11. C. 37.
And Dr. Briggs give a parallel Inflance of a Gentlemen
in Bedforlbire. Opthalm. C. 5. q. I2.
Frogs, befide the Parts of the Eye which they have in
common with Men, and moil Quadrupeds, have a peculiar
Membrane, or Cartilage, which is not commonly perceived,
wherewith they can, at Pleafure, cover the Eye, without
too much hindring the Sight, becaufe the Membrane is both
tranfparent and Irong; o that it may pafs for a Kind of
inoveable Cornea, or occasional Safeguard to the Eye.
In furnishing Frogs with this firong Membrane, the
Providence of Nature feems very confpicuous; for that
being amphibious Creatures, defigned to pafs their Lives
in watery Places, which for the moll part abound in
Plants, endowed with fharp Edges, or Points; and the
trogreflive Motion of this Animal, being not by walking,
but by leaping, if his Eyes were not provided with fuch
a CaCe, he mull either fhut them, and fo leap blind-
folded, or by leaving them open, mull run the Rik of
having the Cornea cut, pricked, or otherwife offended:
But this Membrane, like a Kind of Speaacle, covers the
.Eye, without taking away the Sight; and as Loon as the
Occafion for it is over, -the Animal withdraws it into a
little Cell, where it reels, till its Ufe be again required.
This Membrane becomes vifible, by applying the Point oi
a Pin, or any Luch fharp Thing, to the Eye of a Frog
whilfi his Head is held fleady - for to frecen his -Eye, he
will prefently cover it therewith, and afterwards withdraw
it, upon a Removal of the fufpe&ed Danger. - And becaufi
.any Birds are deflined to fly among the Branches o
Trees and Bulhes, left by this Means the Prickles, Twigs
Leaves, LIc. mould wound or offend their Eyes, Natur
has alfo given them fuch another Kind of horny Membran
a we fee in Frogs. See NICTITATING Membrane.
:aturaliffs relate Wonders of the Sharpne~s and Accuracy
of the 'Eyes of Lome Animals, as the Eagle, Cc. beyoni
those of Men. See EAGLE, WC.
Yet do thofe of Men Leem imptoveable to a furprizin!
Degree: -Mr. Boyle inflances in a Major of a Regiment c
King Charles I. who being afterwards forced Abroad, ven
tureg at Madrid, to do his King a Piece of Service c
an extraordinary Nature and Confequence, which being
there judged very irregular, he was committed to an ur
common Prifon, or rather Dungeon- having no Window
belonging to it, only a-Hole in the Walf, at which the Keep(
put in Proviflion, and prefently clofed it again on the Out
tide, but not perhaps very exaly. - For forne Weeks thi
Gentleman continued utterly in the Dark very difconfolate
but afterwards he began to think he faw fome litt]
Glimmering of Light, which, from Time to Time, increa
ed, fo that he could not 6nly difcover the Parts of h
Bed, and other fuch large ObheNs, but at length, amidil th
deep Obfcurity, cou'd perceive the Mice that frequented h
Charrber, to eat the Crumbs of Bread which fell upon t
Ground, and difcern their Motions very well.
The Author jugi mention'd, in his Obfer atim4    P
tiated Sight, gives us fome uncommon Phalnomema, th;
I
*4 y1
E
regard the Eayes. " He furniflies feveral Inflances of Nygd*
oPias, or People, whofe Eyes in the Day-time were  '4ait4
dark, or act leafi Lo dim, that they could hardly di cem
their Ways who yet, Loon after Sun-fet, and during Twi-
light, faw very clearly. See NYCTALOPIA,
This brings to mind an odd Cafe of an old learned
Divine, who complained, that during the Day-time5 his
right Hand Ihook Lo much, that he could not manage his
Pen; and therefore was fhrced to male Ufe of it only by,
Candle-Light.
But, which is yet more irange, one of thete Patients who
could only fee by Night, cou'd diffinguifh fome Coloursi
viz. black and white, but not others$ efpecially red and
green. The Meadows to this Perfon did not appear green1
but of an odd, darkilh Colour; and when the had a
Mind to gather Violets, tho' fhe kneeled in the Place
where they grew, Ihe could not diffinguilh them by the
Colour from the Grafs about them, but only by their Shape
or Touch.
,Artificial EYE, is an Optical Machine, wherein Objeas
are represented after the fame manner as in the natural
Eye; of confiderable Ufe in illufirating the manner of
Vilion.
Its Conflrucqion is thus: Provide two hollow Henifipheret
of hard, dry Wood, well cemented together, to reprefent
the fBall of the Eye: Let the Anterior, or Fore-Hetoi-
fphere, be perforated with a round Hole in C, (tIaD
Opticks, Fig. 9.) to fupply the Place of a Pupil; and
therein fit a thin, plane Glafs, or, which amounts to the
fame, a Concavo-convex Glafs, to Lerve for the Cornea.
In the Infide, have a fhort draw-Tube G., w.ith a Lens
Convex on both Sides, to do the Office of the Cryflaz/ine
therein. In the hind, or pofterior Hemifphere, fit another
Draw-Tube E F, with a plain Glafs therein, having its
inner Surface Lmooth, tho' not polifh'd, reprefenting the
Retina and Optic Nerve.
If now the Aperture C, be turn'd towards any Objea &
and the Draw-Tube F E be gradually pull'd out; you
will have the Objed beautifully and firongly reprefented
in all its Colours on the Retina, only in an inverted Order.
See VISION.
It being of no Confequence what the Figure of the inner
Cavity is; any Room, or Chamber, fo darken'd as only td
receive Light from a fingle Hole, with a Glafs Convex on
both Sides fitted therein; will do the Office of an Artijicial
Eye, and exhibit all the Objeds oppofed to the Aperture,
on a Wall, or a white Cloth, fPretch'd at a proper Diflance
from the Aperture: With this Circumfiance, that the lefs
Sphere the Glafs is a Segment of, the greater will the Figures
appear. And this is the celebrated Camera Obfcura. See
CAMERA Obfcura.
E EYE, in Architeacure is ufed for any round Window
made in a Pediment, an Attic, the Reins of a Vault, or
the like. See WINDOW.
BIJLLOd](S-EYE, or Oeuil de YBancfj is a little Sky-Light in
the Covering, or Roof, intended to illumine a Granary, or the
like. The fame Term is applied to the little Luteh rns in a
F Dome, as in that at St. Peters at Rome, which has 48 in
three Rows. See LUTHERN.
EYE of a !Dorte, is an Aperture at the Top of the
vDome ; as that of the Paqztbeon at Romej or of St.
Pauls at Londoiz. It is. ufually cover'd with a Lanthorn.
f See DOME.
S.   EYE of the Vo/Zite, in Architeaure, is the Centreof thie
e Volute, or that Point wherein the Helix, or Spiral, whereof
e it is form'd, commences : Or it is the little Circle in the
middle of the Volutes, wherein are found the thirteen
y Centres for the defcribing the Circumvolutions thereof See.
d VOLUTE.
EYE, in Agriculture and Gardening, is a little Bu44 or
g Shoot, inferted into a Tree by Way of Graft. See Em-
if G&AFTING.
-   The Term is alfo ufed for a Gem, or Bud, as it hands
fon the parent Tree.    A Tree with fine, wlrongs healthy
g Eyes. La. ..uint. P. I, C- 3. Art. 6. The good Branches
a- are thofe which have come in the Order of Nature, and
v that have large Eyes pretty near each other. Id.   this
:r Branch mufl be cut oft at the third Eye. Liger.    See
BUD, GEM, WC.
is EYE; among Phyficians, is frequently taken for a Hole,
; or Aperture. -Whence it is that the fitrf of the big In-
le teflines is call'd Cfecum, or the blind Gut, as having nd
G- Eye, or Perforation.- For the fame Reafon the Chymifis
is call the Alembic, ufed in Circulation, a b/hid Head.  -
is   EYE, in Printing, is Lometimes usfed for the Thicknefs
is of the Types, or Characters, ufed in Printing: Or, mhore
ie 1ridly, it is the Graving in Relievo, on the Face, 1r Top
Of th Letter. See TYPE.
=-   ' Tis the Ebe alone that makes the Impoeffion s tie r A
at  4ich they call the BodY, Lerving only to fl  t  ,A big
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