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ARRIERE, a French Term, literally figni ing the
hind, or ptoferior Tart of any Thing; ufually wrdle in En-.
gypA, abridgedly, Rear. See REAR.
ARRIERR-BAN, or ARIERE-.Bn, in the French Cufloms1
is a general Proclamation, whereby the King fummons to the
War all that hold of him; both his Vaialis, i. c. the No-
bleffe, and the Vaffals of his VaiTals. See VASSAL, TE-
NURE, SC.
To the Provof of, qaris belongs- the convoking and com-
manding of the Atriere-Ban. See PRovosT, ec.
M. Cdafneuve takes the Word to be compofed of Arriere
and Ban: The Ban, according to him, denotes the con-
vening of the Noblefle or Vaitals, who hold Fees immedi-
ately of the King; and Arriere, thofe who only hold of
the King mediately.-Pafquier obferves, that the Word is
frequently mentioned in the Salic Law.
ARRiERx-GorPs. See CORPS.
ARRIERE-FiE, or FIEF, is a Fee dependant on fome
other fuperior one. See FEE.
Thefe commenced at the Time when the Counts and
Dukes, rendering their Governments hereditary in their Fa.
milies, diftributed to their Officers certain Parts of the royal
Domains which they found in their Provinces; and even'
permitted thofe Officers to gratify the Soldiers under them,
with Parts thereof  See COUNT, DURE, SC.
ARRIERIL-GUARD. See REAR-Guard.
ARRIEER.E Talfal, or ienant, the Vaffal or Tenant of ano-
ther Vaffal or Tenant. See VASSAL, TENANT, &C. fee alfo
ARR I ERE-FEE.
ARRONDIE, in Heraldry, a CRoss-Arrondie, or round-
ed, is that whofe Arms are compofed of Se&ions of a Circle,
not oppofite to each other, fo as to make the Arm buldge
out thicker in one Part than another; but both the Seldions
of each Arm lye the fame Way, fo that the Arm is eve-
ry where of an equal Thicknefs; and all of them termina-
ting at the Edges of the Efcutcheon, like the plain Crofs.
See CROSS.
ARSACIDES, ARsACIDJE, the Defcendants of Arfaces
King of Parthia.
This Arfaces, according to the Perfian Chronicles, was
of the Lineage of Cyrus; tho others affirm that he was de-
fcended from Darius.-Be this as it will, 4rfaccs having
freed the Parthians. from the Dominion of the Seleucides,
they efleemed him the Founder of their Monarchy, and
would have all their future Kings bear his Name, and be
called Arfacids.  Whence, the Poets have attributed the
Appellation to the whole Nation.
The Arfacides began to reign in Arfaces, under Scleucus II.
furnamed Callinicus, the third of the Seleucides, 240 Years
before Chriff; and continued about 460 or 470 Years; when
Artaxerxes kill'd Artabanus, the laft of the Arfacides, a-
bout the Year of Chrifl 227.
ARSENAL, a royal or publick Magazine, or Place ap-
pointed for the making, and keeping of Arms neceflry ei-
ther for Defence, .or AiTault. See ARMs and ARMORY.
The Arfenal of Venice is the Place where the Gallies are
built and laid up.-Th' Arfenal of Paris, is that where the
Cannon or great Guns are cafd. It has this Infcription over
the Door-
Vulcania Tela Minfl rat,
7Zela.Gigantgeos dekellatura furores.
There are alfo Arfenals, or Store-houfes, appropriated to
Naval Furniture and Equipments. See NAVY, YARD, &c.
The Word, according to fome, is deriv'd from Arx or
Arcus; or rather from Ars, an Engine; this being the Place
where the Engines of War are preferv'd.-Some derive it
from .4rx Senatus, as being the Defence of the Senate;
others from the Italian Arfenale, or from the modern Greek
*rfenalis; but the moil probable Opinion is, that it is de-
riv'd from fDarfenaa, which, in the Arabick,. fignifies an
A4rfenal.
ARSENIC, ARSENICUM, in natural Hiflory, a ponde-
rous mineral Subftance, extremely cauflic or corroylve, to
the Degree of a violent Poifon. See FOSSIL, CORROSIVE,
wc.
The Word is compounded of the Greek evsp, Man, and
asxges, I overcome, kill; alluding to its poifonous Quality.
See POiSON.- .
In. an antient Manufcript afcribed to the Sybils, is a Verfe
which plainly intimates Adrfenic:
Zetrafyllabus fium; prima pars mei Yirum,
Secunda Villoriam fgnificat.
.Arfenic is rank'd among the Clafs of Sulphurs. See
SuLr ItUR.
There are divers Kinds of Arfenic; via. Yellow, or Na-
tive; Red, and Cryflalline.
.   Native Arfen ic is of a Yellow, or Orange-colour; whence
it is alfo denominated Auripigmentum, or Orpimext.-It is
chiefy found in Copper-Mines, in a fort of Glebas or Stones;
ARS
*of different Figures and Sizes. Its Colour, tho' always let-
low, yet admits of divers Shades and Mixtures, as a poldo
en Yellow, reddilh Yellow, green Yellow, S&c  It is fund
to contain a Portion of Gokl, but fo little, as not to quit the
Coft of Separating it. See ORPIMENT..
Of this are prepared two other Kinds of Zrecnic, viz.
Mite and Red.            .
I This, fublimed with fome other Matters, is the Sa;2da
racha Gricorum. SeeSANDARAC H.
Tho' fome Naturalills will have Red Arfenic, and Realb
gal, two diflin&t Drugs, taking the latter for a native Mine-
ral, and the former for a Preparation of a native fIrfenic.
See REALGAL-
Red -Arfenic, called alfo Realgal, is only the native Tel..
low rubified by Fire.
The White1 or Cryfialline, is drawn from the Yellow1
by fubliming it with a Proportion of Sea-Salt.-'Tis this
Species is chiefly in Ufe among us for real Arfenic. Some.
Authors give it a different Origin, and maintain it a native
Matter, found in white fcaly Glebes in the Mines.
White and Yellow Arfenic are al'o procurable froM COT
balt: The Method of which, as praaifed in Hungary, is
given us by. Dr. Krieg, in the 'Philofothical 27ranfatlions,
N0 293.-The Cobalt being beat to Powder, and the light
fandy Part wafh'd ofF. by a Current of Water, they put what.
remains in a Furnace i the Flame of which paffing over the,
Powder, takes along with it the Arfenical Part, in Form of
a Smoak; which being receivd by a. Chimney, and carried
thence into-a tlofe Brick Channel, ficks by the Way to tjh
Sides; and is fcraped o1, in form of a whitilh or yellowilh
Powder.-From what remains of the Cobalt, they proceed
to make Smalt. See SMALT.
The fmalleft Quantity of any of thefe Arfenics, being
mixed with any Metal, renders it friable, and absolutely de-
firoys its Malleability.
Hence, the Refiners dread nothing fo much as Arfenic
in their Metals; nor could any thing be fo advantageous to
them, were fuch a thing to be had, as a.Menflruum. that
would abforb, or a&l on 4rfenic alone; for then their Me-
tals would be readily purified, without flying ofl or evapo-
rating. See REFINING.
A fingle Grain of Arfenic will turn a Pound of Copper
into a beautiful feeming Silver. This Hint many Perfons
have endeavoured to improve on, for the making of Sil-.
ver, but in vain, as it could never be brought to fuflain the'
Hammer; Some have been hpng'd for coining Species of
this fpurious Silver. See SILVER, COINING, &C.
The Chyrnifis furnifh feveral Preparations of Irfenic
which all turn on repeated Ablutions and Sublimations, to
blunt the corrofive Salts thereof, and change them into a
fafe Medicine, after the Manner of Sublimate- Such are
Ruby of Arfenic, &c. But it fcarce appears worth the Pains:,
And whatever fome may urge, Arfenic mhould never be.
ufed inwardly in any Form, as gnawing and tearing the
Parts, and occafioning mortal Convulfilons.-Its Fume taken
into the Lungs, kills inflantly: And the oftner it is fubl i'I
med, fays .Boerhaave, the ranker it grows.-'Butter and
Cow's Milk taken in large Quantities, prove good Anti@-
dotes againAi Arfenic.
. Regulus of ARSENIC, is the moff fix'd and compaa Part
thereof, prepared, by mixing it with Pot-affies and Soap
diffolving the whole, and cafling it into a Mortar; upon
which the heavieff Part falls to the Bottom. See REGULYJS.
Cauftic Oil of ARSENIC, is a Butyrolus Liquor, like Butter
of Antimony, prepared of Arfenic and ;orrofive Sublimate.
-It ferves to eat of' fungous Flefh, cleanfe carious Bones,
Ec.
ARSENICAL Magnet, Muagnes Arfenicus, is a Preparation'
of Antimony, with Sulphur and White Arfenic.
ARSENOTHELYS, among the antient Naturalifis, the
fame with Hermaphrodite. See HERMAPIIRODITE.
The Greeks ufed the Word both of Men. and Beatts.-
It is form'd from dpTHV and OnAw¢, Male and Female.
ARSIS and 2l7efis, a Phrafe in, mufical Compofition-
where a Point being inverted, is Paid to move per Arfi  b
71bheJ n; that is, rires in one Part, and fails in another * or,
on the contrary, falls in one Part, and rifes' in ano'ther:
Whence is produc'd a very agreeable Variety.'
ART, ARsj is defined by the Schoolmen, i Habit of
the Mind operative or effeIive according to right Reafon;
or, fomewhat more intelligibly, a Habit of the Mind pre-
fcribing Rules for the due Produiion of certain EfFefts; or
the introducing of Changes in Bodies from fome Foreknow-
lege and Defign in a Perfon endued with a Principle or Fa-
culty of Acling. See HABIT, ACTION, ,c.
On this Footing, dArts are divided into a5iive and fUive:
-Such as leave po external Effe&t after their Operations,
as Dancing, Fiddling, c. are called adive or praftical
Arts: Thafe which do leave an Effief, as Paintingp 05. are
called faitiw  or Effieaive Arts. Mli.; M . i  ; dap.'
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