Y. A W
YE~L
capftle, contained within. the cup, with three cellsandthre  XYSTICI, among
the antients, a dfgnation given to the Ath-
valves. The feeds are very numerous, and, extra  mall.    et, becaue theyp
    rmdtheir exercifes in the Xyius. -Sa
Lioai Gen. Plantarum. p. I'. -                                 the article
XYSTUS5 (41.
Ye\
         ARD (CIy.) - YARfl-fallen, a term ut:d among
         a our firriers to exprefs a malady to which horfes are
   fornetimies fubje&, which is the hanging down of the
          penis -from its fheath between the legs, the creature
          not being able to draw it up again.
  This is caufed by weaknefs of the peculiar mufcles, which
  thould a& in the drawing up; and proceeds Sometimes from a
  violent flip or flrain; fometimes from a blow on the back, and
  fometimes from extreme wearinefs in long journeys.
  The method of curing this, is firif to waih it with oil of rofes,
  after this with warm white-wine,' and finally, to anoint it
  with a mixture of oil of rofes and honey : it is then to be re-
  turned into its place, and kept frot falling down again by a
  little canvas bolter.  It is to be thus dreffed once in twenty-
  four hours, till the cure is perfeffed.
  There are Some other difteinperatures to which this part is fub-
  jed, in a horfe, as the being foul at the end,, fo that the crea-
  ture voids his urine in the fheath; in this cafe the method of
  cure is to draw out the penis, and cleanfe -the end of it from
  any foulnefs that rnay be found there; then it isw to be wafhed
  ,with butter and white-wine vinegar melted together: fome-
  times there is a difcharge of a yellow flinking matter from the
  penis: this is peculiar to flone-horfes, and principally affects
  them after the time of their covering of mares.
  This runningis attended with a fwelling of the penis, and with
  a pain in voiding the urine; the creature alfo finds a difficulty
  in drawing up the penis into the fheath. The method of cure
  is, to diffolve in a pint of white-wine an ounce of roach-alum
  by boiling, and four or five times a day this is to be ufed, in-
  je&ing it up into the rard with a fyringe blood-warm. > This
  will prove a certain cure.
YARIN, a word ufed by fomc of the chemical writers to exprefs
tthe flos wris.
YARN (Cycl.)-Spun YA RN, on board a (hip. See the article
X SPUN,     d.
YGROPISSOS, in the materia medica, a word ufed by fome
  writers to exprefs tar.
YARROW, in botany. See the article MILLEFOLIUM.
YARWHELP, or YARWIP, an Englifh name ufed in fome
  places for the godwit, the rgocepbalus of authors. See the ar-
  tidle EG6CEPHALUS.
YAWS (ycy.)-This is a diftemper epidemical, or rather ende-
  mical to Guinea, and the hotter climates in Africa, feldom
  'failing to attack each individual one time or other of their lives,
  but moft commonly in childhood or youth: It makes its firft
  appearance in little fpots on the cuticle, level with the fkin, no
  larger than' thi point of a pin, which increafe daily, and be-
  come protuberant like pinpes: foon after the cuticle frets off,
  and thens inftead of pus or ichor in this (mall tumour, white
  ''oughs or fordes are only found, under which is a fimall fun-
  gus growing out of the cuticle, increafing gradually to dif-
  ferent magnitudes, fome lefs than the fmallepf woodu-*rawberry,
  fonie as big as awrafpberry, and others even exceeding in big-
  nefs the largeft mulberries, which they verv much refemble.
  While they are comning to this height, the black hair, which
  grows out of the part now covered with the raws, changes
  oradually white.
      is impoflible to calculate the exa&t time which this diflem-
  per requires, to go through-thefe different ftages, Some ne-
  -groes, who were in good plght, and had full nourilhment,
  in a month after discovering the white (pots, have had feveral
  ! Yaws as-big as a mulberry; and in other negroes, that were
  low in flefh, and had but a poor fcanty diet, in three months
  time none of the raws have exceeded a common firawberry.
  The Yaws appear on all the parts of the body; but, the moft
  and biggeft are generally on the groins, about the privities and
  anus, in the arm-pits and face. When they are very large,
  -they are few in number; and when they are manyiin number,
  they 'are (mall in fize.  All this time the patient is in good
  health, does not lofe his appetite, and feems to have no other
  uneafinefs than what the naffinefs of the forest occafion; for
  they are not painful, except touched too roughly. This is the
  nawral-appearance of the diftemper, when left to itfelf, and in
      iau, .-appea
  this ftate it will continue a long time without any fenfible eva-
  cuaitionr.
  The Yaws do not prove often dangerous, if the cure is un-
  dertaken tkilfully at a proper time, and the patient has not
  undergone any courfe of phyfic for them before; but if the
  patient has been once Salivated, or taken any quantity of mer-
  cury, and the fkin once cleared, and they appear again, they
  are always very difficult, and often impo ible, to cure. Me-
  dic. Eff. vol. 5. art. 76.
  The chief part of the cure is by gentle falivation with calornel,
  in (mall doles, that it' may neither vomit nor purge.  The pa-
  tient's drink is the decoftion of guaiacum and fafiafras, fer-
  mented with melafres. See Medic. EfS ibid. or the Abridg.
  vol. 2. p- 305.
  Sometimes one large raw, high-knobbed, red and moift, cal.
  led the mafter-Yaw, remains after the reft are fallen off, and
  the Salivation is over. And to fubdue this, Come have'thought
  new falivations neceflary; but it requires only to be defiroyed
  by a gentle cauftic, ormild efcharotic, as equal parts of red
  precipitate and burnt alum.
  The falivation Lhould not be begun befor the raws are at the
  height, which is discovered by their being at a ftand, neither
  increafing in fize or number. Their coming to the height
  fhould be accelerated by proper medicines. If the patient be
  Salivated before this time, the diftemper will return foon after
  the Salivation. Ibid. p. 'O4.
YAYAUHQUITOTOTL, in zoology, the name of an In-,
  dian bird, defcribed by Nieremberg, remarkable for having
  two feathers of its tail much longer than the refit, and naked
  for a great way; but at the end ornamented wirh black and
  blue hairs. The bird is of the fize of the flarling, and is beau-
  tifully variegated with green, blue, yellow, and grey.
  Mr. Ray is of opinion, that this is the bird defcribed by M*rg-
  grave under the name guaira guainumbi.   Ray's Ornithol.
  'app. vol. 298. See the article GUAIRA- Guainumbi.
YDRINUS, or HYDRINUS, a name given by fome to the
  ophites, or ferpent-flone.
YEAR (Cycl.)-YE AR is alfo a word ufed by fome of the che-
  mical writers to exprefs any produ&t of their operations,
  which may ferve as a medicine, whether internally or exter-
  nally.
YEAST. Common ale-reaJf may be kept frefh and fit for ufe
  feveral months, .aby the following method: ,Put a' quantity of
  it into a clofe canvas bag, and gently fqueeze out 'the moi-
  Isure in a fcrew-prefs, till the remainiing matter be as firm and
  ituff as clay.
  In this Rfate it may be clofe packed up :in a, tight cafk, for fe-
  curing of it from the air; and will keep frefb, found, and fit
  for ufe for a long time.
  This is a'fecret that might be of great ufe to the brewers and
  distillers here, who, though they employ very large quantities
  of req feem to know no method of preferving it, or railing
  nurferies of it; for want of which they fuffain a very confidera-
    bIe Iis; whereas -the brewers in Flandern make a very great
  advantage of fiupplying the malt-dtftillers- of Holland twits
  reaJt, which is rendered lafting, and fit for carriage,; by this
  -eafyexpedient.  Shaw's Lealures, p.
YELION, a word ufed by fome of the barbarous writers to ix-
  prefs glafs.
YELLOW      (Cycd.3)-Mr. Boyle tells s a moft beautiful rM/ow
  may be procured by Gking goad quick-flver, andtthree-or four
  times its weight of oil of vitriols drawing off, in a glafs retort,
  the faline menr*ruumrfrom the mptalline liquor, till there re-
  mains a dry Know-white calx at the bottom: On pouring a
  largequantity of fair water on this, the colour changes to an
  excellent light yellow.
  He fays he fears this colour is too coffly to-be ufed by painters,
  and he does not know how it would agree with every pigmnent,
  efpecially oil-colours. Works abr*.-vol. 2. p. 9 r.
     The Chinefe are famous for their Yellows in dying, which ne-
   ver change with waking. They make this dye of the flowers
   of the acacia, in a manner in which we mig'ht ufc feveralof our
   own produ6tions to great advantage.      (        r  f
                              8 I                    At aIt