Page 18

V. CONCLUSIONS
There has been increasing interest across the country in recent
years in sampling for VOCs at solid waste landfills. The Bureau of
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management (BSHWM) began a study in 1985
to determine whether the state should start sampling for VOCs on a
routine basis at solid waste landfills.    From the study reported
here, and from the previous study by Friedman (1988) we obtained
VOC sampling results for a total of 51 Wisconsin solid waste
landfills, and contacted 48 states and two Canadian provinces for
information on what type of sampling they were requiring.
Results from these studies indicate the following:
   A. Landfills with natural attenuation designs
        are more likely to have VOC contaminated groundwater
        than those designed with containment and leachate
        collection.
   B.   Landfills taking municipal solid waste are more
        likely to have VOC contamination than
        those taking industrial solid waste.
        NOTE: The industrial sites we reviewed were primarily
               papermill sludge landfills, these being the most
               common industrial solid waste sites in Wisconsin.
               Industrial solid waste in other states may have
               substantially different chemical composition.
    C. Landfills with waste volumes of less than 50,000
        cubic yards are less likely to have VOC
        contamination than those with larger volumes.
    D. VOC monitoring in other states and
        provinces ranges from no sampling requirements to
        quarterly sampling required at regulated
        landfill sites.
    E.  Inorganic parameters are useful in predicting VOC
        contamination.
18