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time and energy, must have skill, otherwise he will have
neither time nor energy left for any other sort of educa-
tion. Spare time and energy are prime elements in the
whole question. In any just order of society, each mem-
ber will receive from society a just equivalent for what he
contributes to it, If he is so unskilled that his work is
not equivalent to a livelihood, he has no right to com-
plain, when he suffers want. It must therefore, be the
aim of every one who would humanize and elevate the
breadwinners, to see that they have skill enough to earn
their daily bread without depriving themselves of free time
and energy to devote to living and spiritual culture.
                          Supposing now, that all the
breadwinners were in the condition that, being able to
earn a living in, say, eight hours a day, they had consid-
erable free time; they might still remain uncultured and
sordid, their tastes vulgar or depraved. They might still
have little rest and joy in life, little inspiring outlook.
They might still not be valuable members of society.
We have not done our whole duty by the breadwinners;
when we have made them comfortable, we must go fur-
ther and make them cultured and wise.
  Now, what must be the nature of such culture and
wisdom?    We may answer: such as shall enable their
recipients to play worthy and generous part in all the
relations of life and to enjoy those high satisfactions that
come of such worthiness. We may express this other-
wise, by saying that they must be such as to enable a
man to know and understand his environment; to take
an intelligent interest in all that goes on, or has gone on
in the world; to enter into lofty personal relations, and to
live clean, tasteful, useful, self-respecting lives. The re-
lations for which culture should prepare are, (1) personal,
(2) domestic, (3) social (including economic), (4) politi-
cal. It would be possible to arrange a system of educa-
tion on the basis of this classification; but it is not neces-
sary to do so. The different relations, however, ought
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THlE CRAFTSMAN