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BYZANTINE ORNAMENT.
geometric design) is still the same. The pavements of the Romanesque churches
in Italy are rich
an examples of this class; the tradition of which was handed down from the
Augustan age of Rome;
-a good idea of the nature of this ornament is given in Nos. 19, 21, 36,
37, and 38.
Local styles, on the system of marble inlay, existed in several parts of
Italy during the Roman-
*esque period, which bear little relation either to Roman or Byzantine models.
    Such is No. 20, from
San Vitale, Ravenna; such are the pavements of the Baptistery and San Miniato,
Florence, of the
'eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries; in   these the   effect is
produced   by black and white
marble only; with these exceptions, and those produced by Moresque influence
in the South of Italy,
the principles both of the glass and marble inlay ornament are to be found
in ancient Roman inlay,
in every province under Roman sway, and especially is it remarkable in the
various mosaics found
at Pompeii, of which striking examples are given in Plate XXV.
Important as we perceive the influence of Byzantine Art to have been in Europe,
from the sixth
to the eleventh century, and still later, there is no people whom it affected
more than the great and
spreading Arab race, who propagated the creed of Mahomet, conquered the finest
countries of the
East, and finally obtained a footing even in Europe.      In the earlier
buildings executed by them    at
,Cairo, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cordova, and Sicily, the influence of the
Byzantine style is very strongly
inarked. The traditions of the Byzantine school affected more or less all
the adjacent countries; in
Greece they remained almost unchanged to a very late period, and they have
served, in a great degree,
as the basis to all decorative art in the East and in Eastern Europe.
J. B. WARING.
September, 1856.
*  For more information on this subject, see "Handbook" to Byzantine
and Romanesque Court at Sydenham.-
WYATT and WARING.
BOOKS REFERRED TO FOR ILLUSTRATIONS.
SALZENBERG. Alt Christliche Baudenkmale von Constantinopel.  BARRAS ET LuYNES
(DUC DE). Recherches sur les Monuments de
FLANDIN ET COSTE. Voyage en Perse.                  '    Normands en Sicile.
TExIER. Description de l'Armtnie, Perse, Kc.          CHAMPOLLION FIGEAC.
Paleographie Universelle.
HEIDELOFF. Die Ornamentik des Mittelalters.           WILIEMIN. Monuments
Fran~ais inddits.
HESsEMER. Arabtsche und alt Italidnische Bau-Verzierungen.
KREUTz. La Basilica di San Marco.                     DIGBY WYATT. Geometrical
Mosaics of the Middle Ages.
GAILHARAUD. L'Architecture et tes Arts qui en dependent.  WARING AND MACQUOID.
Architectural Arts in Italy and Spain.
DU SOMMERARD. Les Arts du Mogen Age.                  WARING. Architectural
Studies at Burgos and its Neighbourhood.
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