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style of architecture. The arches of the arcades, doors, ai
much lower than before; the upper part of each side w.
and the two formed a very obtuse angle at the vertex.
called the Tudor arch, though generally, was not univei
the equilateral form is also to be seen in buildings of th
mullions of this period are frequently carried in a perpe
the head of the window, and transoms are introduced to
compartments.    But although these peculiarities of form
determine the age when an arch or a window was con
necessary to bear in mind that we are not warranted frorn
of a window belonging to a certain period to assume that
was erected at that time.
  From    among the peculiarities of the style a     few  i
characteristic and necessary to be known as a means of identifying it.  
   A
horizontal label was introduced over the arched head of the doors, and
the spandrils so formed were variously enriched.        Both the vertical
and
flying buttresses were much more enriched than in the preceding period, with
canopies and crockets.    Grotesque sculpture also was introduced profusely,
and all the several parts of the buildina were absolutely burdened with
intricate enrichments.  But in no one character is the style more certai
identified than in the vaulting, which "became nearly flat about the
vert
the angles of the groins being rounded, the spandril assumed the form of
inverted bell, either entirely or in part, and the upper portion of the sur:
marked upon the ceiling the whole or a segment of a circle.       The span
itself was covered by numerous small ribs which branched from the capi
of the columns, and gave to its surface the appearance of a fan:
between those spandrils, others, consisting of masses of stone, each weigh
more than a ton, in the shape of inverted bells, and ornamented N
fan-work, were pendent from    the vault.  At the intersections of the ribs