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                                      THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION.
Herren, PHLIP HAs A" SoNs, of Vienna, are, as we have obtained large
renown, not only in their own country-they are known and
                                                        esteemed throughout
Germany, and also in England, in France, and in America.
                                                        Their fame is derived
not only from the excellence of the materials they use, but
already stated, the most eminent and extensive manufacturers
in Austria of Tapestries, Carpets, Curtains (silk, wool, and
                                                        from their continual
aim to derive benefit from Art, and from consultations with
thread), Reps, Terries, and, in a word, all the requirements the accomplished
artists who generally furnish their designs. Of the objects we
of the upholsterer in that class of textile fabric. They have engrave on
this page one is a " PoRTIEAR," the other three are TABLE CovERs.
into a familiarity with early technical processes and methods of be in perpetual
opposition. The student-reproducers all along
treatment, all of them important, and indeed necessary for them  are seeking
to range themselves with the old designers and
to know experimentally-all of them elements of education which workers; they
are devoted to exploring their principles and to-
may prepare them    to enter with a- well-founded confidence of following
them in their methods of application.   They select,
success upon a career of independent action.   Infinitely more accordingly,
with a judicious discrimination, such examples for
numerous is a very different class of copyists, who copy early  reproduction
as are at once typical of style and illustrative of
works of Art without any other ulterior aim than to employ their treatment.
And in their work of reproduction they labour faith-
copies as models for a secondary copying or parodying on a more fully, doing
over again the old work conscientiously and com-
extended scale, by means of which they may be enabled to execute pletely,
as it was done long ago by the old workmen-identifying
what they propose to regard as productions of their own.         themselves,
indeed, with the old workers, in order to secure a
   Between these two systems of reproducing early works there practical identity
between the original works and their reproduc-
exists a distinction extending far beyond the primary and direct tions. Thus
do these students strive to carry themselves and
aim and purpose of the reproducers. Their whole course of pro- their experiments
back to the culminating era of the style which
oedure is marked by characteristic incidents, which show them to they are
studying. When they are convinced that they might
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