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          TIHE TURN ER.
  THE art of Turning, both ornamental
and useful, is of great importance in many
businesses, and requires a man possessing
some degree of natural abilities to become
an adept at it, as very few are to be found
even able to Turn an oval.  Turning ap-
pears, according to PLINY and others, to
have been carried to a degree of perfection
very early. He gives an account of vessels
of the most valuable kind, being Turned
and enriched with a variety of ornaments,
There are various kinds of lathes used in
Turning; some require the aid of a man
to turn the wheel; but those mostly used,>
are turned by means of a treadle which the
man, who is employed in Turning, works
with his foot. The principal thing to be ac-
quired by a young beginner, is a complete
management of his chisel and gauge; these
being the two instruments most frequently
used. There is, besides these, a great va-
riety oftools necessary; and which, together
with some of the lathes used in Turning
finer work, cost a considerable sum. A
journeyman, on inferior work, can earn
thirty-shillings per week; and those on fine
work, by close attendance, +  much as
fifty shillings.