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OF THE THREE COLUMNS IN THE CAMPO VACCINO AT ROME. 
Palladio makes the bafe of the columns too high by half a part; he draws
not the ornaments on 
the fofflit of the architrave as they are, and puts only a quarter-round
to ferve for a border to thofe 
ornaments, whereas there-is alfo an aftragal between two fillets. 
Labacco makes the bafe of the columns too low by one part one third, and
gives not the mould- 
ings their proportions. 
CHAPTER                   XI. 
Of   the  7e'mple of   Yupiter   the 7Thunderer, at Rome. 
T       H I S temple is faid to have been built by Auguftus at the foot of
the Capitol on the fide 
of the roman Forum, in performance of a vow he had made on efcaping the lightning
which 
killed one of his muleteers before the litter that carried him.  There remain
of this temple 
only three columns of one of the angles of the portico, and part of the entablature
upon them. 
I have made three plates of 'this temple. The firft contains the capital
of a column, with the 
entablature and foffit of the corona of the cornice.  This cornice has over
the corona only an ogee 
without a great cymatium; whence it is imagined there has been a pediment
on that front.  The 
architrave and frieze are levelled for the infcription, which was there on
a pannel encompaffed by 
an ogee adorned with flowers. There remain at the bottom of that pannel thefe
eight letters 
E S T I T V E R, which are very large, engraved in the marble, and hollowed
in fome places to feal 
the cramps by which the letters of bronze were faftened. All the mouldings
of the cornice are or- 
namented, and even the abacus of the capital. The modilions are placed without
any correfpon- 
dence to the columns, *or to the ornaments of the mouldings.  The frieze
is joined by a curve to 
,the lift at the top, of the architrave. The bands of the architrave proje&
more below than above. 
Over the abacus of the capital is a fillet hollowed like a cafe, in which
lies a marble-flab three inches 
five twelfths thick, between the capital and architrave. The angular volutes
of the capital afcend. 
into the abacus. All that remains of this edifice is of white marble, and
the courfes lie dry upon 
each other, without any mortar. I could not fee the foot of the columns,
becaufe they are buried 
almoft to the capital. I therefore proceeded upon the diameter of the plan
of the aftragal at the 
top of the column, which is four feet three inches three quarters, in order
to form the two modules 
divided each into thirty parts. 
Palladio makes the firft leaves of the capital proje& more below than
towards the half of their 
heights; whereas their projedion increafes as they rife. The channels of
the ftems, which are plumb, 
he makes twifed: He puts over the angular volutes a little reverfed leaf,
which is not there; but 
marks neither the fillet nor marble-flab that are between the abacus of the
capital and the architrave. 
On the border of the pannel of the infcription, he puts at the bottom of
the ogee an aftragal which 
is not there. He draws not the fides of the modilions as they are, with foliages
twifled inflead of 
volutes. He gives the diameter of the plan of the afiragal at the top of
the column too fmall by 
five inches, which are equal to fix parts and a half. He makes the architrave
too low by one part 
one ffoprth ; the frieze alfo by one part one twelfth; and makes not the
bands of the architrave as 
they are, more projecting below than above. 
T H E fecond plate contains the ornaments of the frieze on the flank, the
profile of the archi- 
trave and frieze within, that of the pannel of the infcription without, and
of the foffit of-the 
intercolumnations, with the plan of the capital reverfed of the angular column.
In the frieze the 
ox-heads do not anfwer direCtly to the middle of the columns, and the infiruments
of the facrifices 
are 'placed without order or fymmetry: there is no knowing what was on the
angle of the frieze, 
bescaufe- it is ruinous. Within, the bands of the architrave are plumb, and
the ornaments of the 
mouldings are the fame as without. 
THE