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FJ 
TIME LINE OF MONARCHS AND SOME OTHER 
IMPORTANT HISTORI 
JAMES I AND 
ANNE OF DENMARK 
CAL PERSONS 
  The following descriptions are based on entries in the National Biography
and 
  Cannon and Griffiths, British Monarchy. For cross-references to Longridge
entries, 
  see left margin. 
The Stuart king James VI of Scotland (1566-1625) and James I of England 
(r. 1603-1625) was the son of the ill-fated Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587)
and 
Henry Stewart (or Stuart), Lord Darnley (1545-1567). On hearing of the death
of 
the English Tudor queen Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603), James left his wife,
Anne of 
Denmark (1574-1619), and their children to follow him as he hurried from
Edin- 
burgh to claim the English throne. As James I he was the first personal 
representation of the unification of the English and Scottish crowns. 
   The king's first speech to Parliament (1604) proposed that the newly formed
kingdom be renamed Great Britain, but, not surprisingly, after years of warfare
between the two countries, James's audience was less than enthusiastic. James's
pressures for the new name as well as his introduction of a new flag, abrasive
personality, and excessive spending did nothing to increase his popularity.
The 
same was true of his lack of support for religious tolerance and his pursuit
of 
closer relations with Spain (including a failed attempt to see the Prince
of Wales 
wed to the Spanish infanta). James died of illness in 1625. 
   Like Elizabeth I, James and, perhaps even more demonstrably, Anne of Den-
mark were patrons of the arts. During their reign Inigo Jones built the 
Banqueting Hall at Whitehall and began the Queen's House at Greenwich. The
monarchs also created the position of master of the king's music and named
Ben Jonson poet laureate. In 1668 the appointment of John Dryden formalized
the latter post. 
CHARLES I AND HENRIETTA MARIA 
D7, DI1-D13, D222 
Charles I (1600-1649) of England, Scotland, and Ireland 
(r. 1625-1649), the second son of James I and Anne of Den- 
mark, succeeded to the throne on his father's death. In the 
same year he married Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV 
of France. Although Charles appears to have surpassed his 
father in morality, he seems to have inherited James's unpleas- 
ant personality. Charles I displayed a deep love of music, and 
his patronage of the arts included the acquisition of paintings, 
especially important works by Raphael, Titian, Correggio, and 
other masters. 
   Charles's Catholic marriage and his secret agreement with France for reli-
gious concessions to English Catholics were deeply unpopular and conflicted
with his pledge to Parliament that his marriage would be "no advantage
to recu- 
sants at home." Other aspects of Charles's domestic and international
policies 
certainly created enemies, but the royal couple's support of Catholicism-in
the 
century following the papal excommunication and anti-Protestant murder plots
against Elizabeth I-was one of the greatest sources of animosity against
them. 
The king's response to the 1641 Irish uprising and his handling of the question
of who would command the militia against the insurgents led to another power
struggle with Parliament. In 1642 Charles was forced to withdraw to York
(see 
Civil Wars, below). 
10 The Longridge Collection 
it