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How do I cite an object?


Explore the following guidelines for citing resources from the repository in APA, MLA and Chicago Manual of Style Formats.

APA

  1. Online Presentations (PowerPoint Slides, etc.)
    • Author's Last Name, First Initial. [document format]. Retrieved from Website TItle: URL.
    • Example:
    • Smith, J. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from University of Wisconsin's Teaching and Learning Resources: http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/Collections.shtml
  2. Audio and Video Podcasts
    • Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Identifier). (Year, Month, Date). Title of Specific Podcast Episode [Episode Number]. Name of Podcast. Podcast retrieved from: URL.
    • Example:
    • Smith, J. (2009, January 5). (Producer). Renaissance Art. Art History Podcasts [Episode 4]. Podcast retrieved from http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/Collections.shtml
  3. Website
    • Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Date of Publication). Title of document. Retrieved month, day, year (only if the text may potentially change over time), from URL.
    • Example:
    • Smith, J. (2009, January 5). Kinesiology. Retrieved April 5, 2009, from http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/Collections.shtml
  4. Electronic Image with Author
    • Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Identifier). (Year image was created). Title of work [Type of work], Retrieved Month Day, Year, from: URL
    • Example:
    • Smith, J. (Photographer). (1992). Flowers [Photo], Retrieved July 9, 2009, from: http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/Collections.shtml
  5. Electronic Image without author, title, or date:

MLA

  1. Website
    • Name of Site. Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sometimes found in copyright statements). Date you accessed the site <URL>.
    • Example:
    • Teaching and Learning Resources. 2 April 2009. University of Wisconsin-Madison. 9 July 2009 <http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/Collections.shtml>.
  2. Image
    • a) if you found the image on the website of the museum where it is housed, use this formatting:
    • Artist's Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Year created. Institution that houses it, city where the institution is located. Date website was accessed
      <URL>.
    • Example:
    • Warhol, Andy. Marilyn.1952. Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh. 9 July 2009.
      <www.warhol.org>.
    • b) if the image is on a website that is different from the place where it is housed, use this formatting:
    • Artist’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Year created. Institution that houses it, city where the institution is located. Title of entire website. "Name of webpage where image appears." Date website was accessed
      <URL>.
    • Example:
    • Warhol, Andy. Marilyn. 1952. The Andy Warhol Museum. Warhol Central. "The Marilyn Phase." 9 July 2009 <www.warholcentral.com>
    • c) Other images:
    • Image creator (screen name is okay). Name of Image. Date Accessed.
      <URL>.
    • Example:
    • Susan548. Sparrow. 9 July 2009.
      <http://flickr.susan548/familyvacation/birdpics/sparrow/>

Chicago Manual of Style

  1. Online Multimedia or Articles
    • “If no facts of publication, or very few, can be determined, it is still necessary to include information beyond the URL. If only a URL is cited and that URL changes or becomes obsolete, the citation will have become just a more or less unintelligible string of characters. The URL tells where a source is or at least was located; a complete citation must also indicate what a source is.” – from Chicago Manual of Style online
  2. Website Content
    • “For original content from online sources other than periodicals, include as much of the following as can be determined: author of the content, title of the page, title or owner of the site, URL. Citations of site content are best relegated to notes; in works with no notes, they may be included in the reference list or bibliography.” – from Chicago Manual of Style online
    • Example:
    • Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. “Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000–2010: A Decade of Outreach.” Evanston Public Library. http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html.
    • If there is no author per se, the owner of the site may stand in for the author.
    • Examples:
    • a. The Bahá’ís of the United States. “History.” The Bahá’í Faith. http://www.us.bahai.org/history/index.html.
    • b. Federation of American Scientists. Resolution comparison: Reading license plates and headlines. http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/resolve5.htm.
    • “For content from very informal sites, such as personal home pages and fan sites, where titles may be lacking, descriptive phrases may be used.”- Chicago Manual of Style Online
    • Examples:
    • a. Camp Taconic Alumni, 1955 photo gallery, http://www.taconicalumni.org/1955.html.
    • b. Pete Townshend’s official Web site, “Biography,” http://www.petetownshend.co.uk/petet_bio.html.
  3. Audiovisual Materials
    • “Only note and bibliography (or discography) forms are illustrated in the following paragraphs, since the author-date system is inappropriate for most audiovisual materials. In a work using the author-date system, such materials are best mentioned in running text and grouped in the reference list under a subhead such as “Sound Recordings.””- from Chicago Manual of Style online
    • Audiovisual Materials- Recordings
    • “Documentation of a recording usually includes some or all of the following pieces of information: the name of the composer, writer, performer, or other person primarily responsible for the content; the title, in italics; the name of the recording company or publisher; the identifying number of the recording; and the medium (compact disc, audiocassette, audiovisual file, etc.). The copyright date or date of production (or both), the number of discs in an album, the URL and size of an audiovisual file, and other information may also be given. .”- from Chicago Manual of Style online
  4. General Multimedia
    • “To cite online multimedia, follow the principles and relevant examples presented above. In addition, include a URL and, if the publisher or discipline requires it, or for especially time-sensitive material, an access date Finally, include the type of medium. Not only is such information more relevant by definition when it is a question of “multimedia,” but, given the wide variety of medium types, such information will give some indication of what software or hardware may be needed to gain access to the source. .”- from Chicago Manual of Style online
    • Example:  
    • A. E. Weed, At the Foot of the Flatiron (American Mutoscope and Biograph Co., 1903), 2 min., 19 sec.; 35 mm; from Library of Congress, The Life of a City: Early Films of New York, 1898–1906, MPEG, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/papr/nychome.html (accessed August 14, 2001).

Resources Used:

  1. Reference List: Electronic Sources http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/
  2. APA Citation Guide from: http://www.landmark.edu/Library/citation_guides/apa.cfm#image
  3. Chicago Manual of Style Online: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html